[Hepatic tumor or giant liver fascciola?: case report]. / ¿Tumor hepático o Fasciola hepática gigante?: reporte de caso.

Hepatic Fasciola is a frequent disease in the Peruvian highlands. We present a case of hepatic Fasciola from the Andean zone of La Libertad, with symptoms of several months of evolution with pain in the right hypochondrium, jaundice and coluria. An abdominal CT scan was performed, demonstrating a liver mass probable neoplasm, and was referred to the Institute of Neoplastic Diseases. Laboratory tests were completed finding eosinophilia and variable increases in liver function tests. Fascioliasis was presented as a differential diagnosis and a Western Bloot examination was performed confirming its diagnosis. Treatment with 2 cycles of Triclabendazole was started, with a favorable clinical evolution.

[Associated factors to the inadequate response to hepatitis B vaccine in HIV patients]. / Factores asociados a respuesta inadecuada a la vacuna de hepatitis B en pacientes con VIH.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship among age, sex, body mass index, consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes with the inadequate response to the vaccine against Hepatitis B in patients with HIV infection who were treated in the Clinical Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of the Regional Hospital of Trujillo - Peru, from 2014 to 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, type cases and controls. RESULTS: In the vaccinated patients, it was found that the age ≥ 50 years old; with OR = 3.4 and CD4 < 200, with OR = 35.0, are the risk factors to get the inadequate response to the vaccine against Hepatitis B. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between the re-count of cells CD4 < 00 and the age over 50 years old with an Inadequate response to the vaccination against hepatitis B in HIV-infected patients in the Regional Hospital of Trujillo.

The Amazonian Tropical Bites Research Initiative, a hope for resolving zoonotic neglected tropical diseases in the One Health era.

BACKGROUND: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) disproportionately affect populations living in resource-limited settings. In the Amazon basin, substantial numbers of NTDs are zoonotic, transmitted by vertebrate (dogs, bats, snakes) and invertebrate species (sand flies and triatomine insects). However, no dedicated consortia exist to find commonalities in the risk factors for or mitigations against bite-associated NTDs such as rabies, snake envenoming, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis in the region. The rapid expansion of COVID-19 has further reduced resources for NTDs, exacerbated health inequality and reiterated the need to raise awareness of NTDs related to bites. METHODS: The nine countries that make up the Amazon basin have been considered (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam and Venezuela) in the formation of a new network. RESULTS: The Amazonian Tropical Bites Research Initiative (ATBRI) has been created, with the aim of creating transdisciplinary solutions to the problem of animal bites leading to disease in Amazonian communities. The ATBRI seeks to unify the currently disjointed approach to the control of bite-related neglected zoonoses across Latin America. CONCLUSIONS: The coordination of different sectors and inclusion of all stakeholders will advance this field and generate evidence for policy-making, promoting governance and linkage across a One Health arena.

¿Tumor hepático o Fasciola hepática gigante?: reporte de caso

La Fasciola hepática es una enfermedad frecuente en sierra del Perú. Presentamos un caso de Fasciola hepática procedente de la zona andina de La Libertad, con sintomatología de varios meses de evolución con dolor en hipocondrio derecho, ictericia y coluria. Se realizó TAC abdominal demostrándose una masa hepática probable neoplasia, derivándose a Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Se completó los exámenes de laboratorio encontrando eosinofilia y aumentos variables de las pruebas de función hepática. Se planteó como diagnóstico diferencial Fascioliasis y se realizó examen de Western Bloot confirmándose su diagnóstico. Se inició tratamiento con 2 ciclos de Triclabendazol, con evolución clínica favorable.

Hepatic Fasciola is a frequent disease in the Peruvian highlands. We present a case of hepatic Fasciola from the Andean zone of La Libertad, with symptoms of several months of evolution with pain in the right hypochondrium, jaundice and coluria. An abdominal CT scan was performed, demonstrating a liver mass probable neoplasm, and was referred to the Institute of Neoplastic Diseases. Laboratory tests were completed finding eosinophilia and variable increases in liver function tests. Fascioliasis was presented as a differential diagnosis and a Western Bloot examination was performed confirming its diagnosis. Treatment with 2 cycles of Triclabendazole was started, with a favorable clinical evolution.

Actualización en clínica y terapia de mordedura de serpiente (ofidismo) / Update on snake bites

Resumen Esta revisión sobre mordedura de serpiente (ofidismo), buscar actualizar la epidemiologia clínica y terapia de la patología frecuente en la selva y costa peruana. Entre las serpientes venenosas destaca el accidente producido por el género Bothrops, en el Perú la especie B. atrox (Jergón de la selva) es el causante en más del 90% de los casos.

Summary This review on snake bites, seek to update the clinical epidemiology and therapy of frequent pathology in the Peruvian jungle and coast. Among the venomous snakes, the accident caused by the genus Bothrops stands out, in Peru the species B. atrox (jungle jar) is the cause in more than 90% of cases.

¿Qué lecciones nos dejará el covid-19?: Historia de los nuevos coronavirus / What lessons will the covid-19 leave us? History of the new coronaviruses

Los coronavirus han estado presentes entre los humanos hace décadas, causando entre el 10 - 30% de los resfríos comunes en los humanos. Dos coronavirus han causado pandemias y alertas globales en las últimas décadas: SARS-CoV Y MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 es el séptimo coronavirus en generar una infección en humanos, y el tercero en generar una pandemia. En este artículo, presentamos y comparamos la cronología, epidemiología y las medidas de control de cada una de las pandemias: SARS, MERS y COVID-19. (AU)

Coronaviruses have been present in humans for decades, causing 10-30% of common colds in humans. Two coronaviruses have caused global pandemics and alerts in recent decades: SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus to generate an infection in humans, and the third to generate a pandemic. In this article, we present and compare the chronology, epidemiology, and control measures of each of the pandemics: SARS, MERS and COVID-19. (AU)

[Experiences in the prevention and control of Carrión's disease in Peru]. / Experiencias en la prevención y control de la enfermedad de Carrión en el Perú

Carrion's disease, the iconic disease in Peruvian medicine has been found in the mountains of Ecuador, Colombia and the Andean valleys of Peru. In the 1990s, the phenomenon of El Niño was associated with significantly increased risk of disease in Ancash, Cajamarca and Cusco. In Cusco in 1998 there was an acute phase epidemic in various Andean provinces and the jungle area. Between 2001 and 2005 the disease has spread or reactivated in different regions such as Ancash, Cajamarca, Amazonas, Piura, Cusco, La Libertad, Puno, and Ayacucho. In 2004 a major outbreak of the disease in all of Peru was presented, reporting more than 11 164 cases, and therefore diverse strategies based vector susceptibility studies was applied, lowering significantly the number of cases.

La resistencia a los antibióticos: un problema muy serio / Resistance to antibacterial agents: A serious problem

El uso de los antibióticos desde los años 40 del siglo pasado permitió disminuir en forma importante y notable la morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, la aparición de la resistencia antimicrobiana ha hecho que el tratamiento de las enfermedades infecciosas, se vuelva una tarea desafiante para el médico que debe brindar opciones terapéuticas, racionales y basadas en evidencias para mejorar la salud de los pacientes. Esta revisión brinda una visión panorámica sobre la gravedad de este problema y el papel preponderante que deben asumir los sistemas de salud en el apoyo a los profesionales de la salud y en la educación de los pacientes para llegar al ansiado uso racional de estos medicamentos.

The use of antibiotics since mid-twentieth century significantly reduced morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has made therapy of infectious diseases a challenging task for physicians, who must provide therapeutic, rational and evidence-based options aiming to improve their patients’ health. This review provides an overview on how serious the current situation and the paramount role is that health systems must play in supporting healthcare professionals and educating patients in order to achieve rational use of these medications.

Enfermedad de Carrión y gestación con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y disfunción multiorgánica.: Reporte de caso / Carrion´s disease during pregnancy presenting with acute respiratory distress and multi organ failure: A case report

La Enfermedad de Carrión es una enfermedad endémica en el Perú, causada por la Bartonella bacilliformis, cursa con un estadio agudo o anemizante, una forma verrucosa y bacteriemia asintomática. La forma aguda es grave y tiene alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Se reporta el caso de una mujer joven, gestante, procedente de Yungay, Ancash, quien cursó la fase aguda complicada con disfunción multiorgánica, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda que requirió ventilación mecánica en posición prona, cuya evolución fue desfavorable y falleció.

Carrion´s disease is an endemic disease in Peru caused by Bartonella bacilliformis presenting with an acute or hemolytic form and a chronic verrucous form with asymptomatic bacteremia. The acute form is usually serious and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a case of a young pregnant woman from Yungay, Ancash who presented with the acute form complicated with multi organ failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome needing mechanical ventilation and dying.

Actualización sobre manejo de araneismo en Perú / Update management on araneism in Peru

La mordedura de araña es un accidente muy común e importante problema de salud pública en lugares con clima tropical y se presenta como un problema muy frecuente en algunas regiones de Latinoamérica. En Perú las especies de araña que presentan más casos de esta problemática son Loxosceles laeta, Latrodectus mactans and Phoneutria spp. El presente trabajo pretende explicar, clarificar y categorizar estas mordeduras de arañas, con el fin de dar a conocerlas para ayudar a que los profesionales de la salud tengan un mayor conocimiento sobre las mismas para un mejor manejo de los casos que se les presenten. (AU)

Spider bites are a common and important public health issue in tropical climates, and become a frequent problem in certain Latin American regions. In Peru, the main species of spiders that represent this problematic are Loxosceles laeta, Latrodectus mactans and Phoneutria spp. The present article intends to explain, clarify and categorize these spider bites, in order to make them known by every health professional to its better management. (AU)

Infección diseminada por Strongyloides stercoralis en dos receptores de trasplante renal de un único donante / Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection in two persons receiving transplanted kidneys from a single donor: reported cases

La infección por Strongyloides stercoralis a partir de donantes de órganos es infrecuente, pero cuando se presenta genera diversas complicaciones. Se reportan dos casos de estrongiloidiasis diseminada derivado de un único donante cadavérico en dos receptores de trasplante renal. Ambos pacientes se presentaron con síntomas gastrointestinales y síntomas respiratorios más lesiones dermatológicas en región abdominal. El diagnóstico se basó en el hallazgo de larvas en lavado broncopulmonar, lesiones dermatológicas, y aspirado duodenal. A pesar del manejo con albendazol e ivermectina por vía oral el curso clínico fue fatal en uno de ellos. El segundo paciente recibió precozmente ivermectina por vía subcutánea y sobrevivió con falla intestinal persistente

A Strongyloides stercoralis infection acquired from the donor in a transplant receptor is not a common occurrence, but its complications have been well known. We report two cases of disseminated strongyloidiasis derived from a single cadaveric donor at two renal transplant recipients. Both patients presented gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms plus dermatological lesions in the abdominal region. The diagnosis was based on the finding of larvae in bronchopulmonary lavage, dermatological lesions, and duodenal aspiration. Despite the oral administration of albendazole and ivermectin, the clinical course was fatal in one of them. The second patient received precociously ivermectin by subcutaneous administration and survived with persistent bowel failure

Carbapenemasas en bacterias Gram negativas no fermentadoras aisladas en servicios críticos del Hospital Regional Lambayeque, diciembre 2014 - julio 2015 / Carbapenemases in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria isolated in critical care services from the Lambayeque Regional Hospital, December 2014 - July 2015

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de bacterias Gram negativas no fermentadoras productoras de carbapenemasas de los servicios de cuidados críticos y emergencias del Hospital Regional Lambayeque, diciembre 2014 - julio 2015. Material y métodos: Se incluyó todos los aislamientos de bacterias Gram negativas no fermentadoras de muestras clínicas en los servicios seleccionados. La detección de carbapanemasas se realizó en dos pasos, primero se selecciónó a los sospechosos usando el método Kirby Bauer con ellos se aplicaron tres métodos, la aproximación de de discos, Hodge modificado y Blue Carba. Resultados: Se analizó 50 asilamientos bacterianos de muestras de secreciones y líquidos provenientes de pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de infección, 48% presentó carbapanemasas. Todas las cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii 21/21 presentaron carbapanemasas tipo oxacilinasas y 3/29 epas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa presentaron carbapanemasas tipo metalobetalactamasas. Conclusiones: Casi la mitad de cepas aisladas producen carbapanemasas. La vigilancia de estas cepas y una política para el control de la resistencia antimicrobiana son necesarias de trabajar para evitar la expansión de este problema

Objective: To determine the presence of carbapenemase producing non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria in critical care and emergency services from the Lambayeque Regional Hospital, December 2014 - July 2015. Material and methods: We included all isolates of non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria from clinical samples in the aforementioned services. Carbapenemase detection was performed in a two-step fashion: first, suspected samples were selected using the Kirby Bauer method. These samples underwent three further assessments, double disk approximation, modified Hodge, and Blue Carba tests. Results: Fifty bacterial isolates from secretion and fluid samples taken from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of infectious conditions were analyzed, and 48% of these samples were positive for the presence of carbapenemases. All Acinetobacter baumanii strains (21/21) had oxacillin-type carbapenemases and 3/29 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains had metallo-betalactamase carbapenemases. Conclusions: Almost half of the isolated strains produced carbapenemases. It is necessary to perform surveillance activities on these strains and to have a firm policy for controlling antimicrobial resistance in order to prevent the expansion of these conditions

Phoneutrismo en Piura: reporte de un caso clínico / Phoneutrism in Piura: a case report

Se presenta un caso de mordedura por Phoneutria nigriventer atendido en el C.S. I-1 ôEl Ingenioõ en el año 2015. El caso fue de sintomatología leve a moderada y de muy buena evolución en un paciente escolar por entrada accidental de la especie en su calzado. El phoneutrismo es un aracneismo poco habitual en el Perú debido al gran desconocimiento por parte del personal médico y paramédico con el consecuente subregistro de dichos casos; sobre todo en zonas rurales dedicadas a la producción de plátanos, observándose adaptación de la especie en la costa norte; por ello presentamos este caso, el cual permitirá identificar éstos accidentes para su apropiado manejo y control...

A case of a bite by Phoneutria nigriventer was treated in El Ingenio Health Center in 2015. The case had mild to moderate symptoms and it had a very good outcome in a schoolaged patient who had the bite because of an accidental entry of the spider in her shoes. Phoneutrism is a rare arachnidism in Peru, and medical and paramedical personnel are hardly aware of this condition, particularly in rural areas dedicated to banana production. There is adaptation of this species in the Peruvian Northern coast, and this is the reason why we present this case, so our colleagues may properly identify these cases for their proper management and control...