[Detection of sarcocystosis in slaughterhouse animals during a veterinary inspection]. / Záchytnost sarkocystózy u jatocných zvierat pri veterinárnej prehliadke.

The objective of our study was to acquire objective data on the finds of sarcocystiosis incidence in particular species of farm animals during veterinary inspection and to compare the efficiency of different direct diagnostic methods: compression and digestion methods. The examined and observed animals involved sheep, cattle, pigs and goats slaughtered in the packing plants at Ruzomberok, Rimavská Sobota, Trstená, Sabinov and Kosice. The animals were subjected to regular veterinary inspection including aspection focused on predilection spots of sarcocyst incidence. Sarcocysts were investigated in detail in 353 head of sheep, 27 goats, 350 head of cattle and 1,409 pigs. The examination consisted in inspection of the whole body, of cross-sections of muscles and organs. The rate of sarcocyst invasion in meat as well as the size of cysts were largely variable. The highest incidence in sheep was observed on the inner surface of ventral muscles in the region of diaphragmatic ribs (21.4%) and in the region of intercostal muscles (39.6%). The rate of sarcocyst invasion in the organs was highest in the gullet with cysts of various forms and size (in 47% of sheep). Veterinary inspection of the total number of 27 goats revealed at aspection the presence of macrocysts in eight goats, which makes 29.62%, and in six head of cattle (1.7%) and in 13 pigs (0.9%). Regular finds of sarcocysts on a slaughter line were confronted with direct diagnostic methods: compression and digestion methods (Fig. 1, Tabs. I, II and III). Direct diagnostic method confirmed different results, while only the digestion method--trypsin digestion of muscle--can be considered as diagnostically reliable.

[Transport of nitrates and nitrites into the milk of dairy cows through the digestive system]. / Prestup dusicnanov a dusitanov do mlieka dojníc cestou tráviaceho traktu.

Increased nitrate concentrations in milk are not only dangerous to human health as the milk is the material for production of baby and infant food, but they cause also many problems in technological milk processing. The study was aimed at the transfer of nitrates and nitrites into milk of dairy cows following nitrate loading. An experiment included 6 dairy cows of the Slovakian Spotted breed at the Experimental Veterinary Centre at Zemplínska Teplica. Prior to start of the experiment samples of feedstuffs and feed water, milk were taken and examined for the presence of nitrates and nitrites. KNO3 in water solution was applied to selected dairy cows in two-week intervals in single peroral doses of 150; 75; 37.5; 18.75 and 9.5 g two hours before evening milking. Nitrate and nitrite residue contents were studied in individual milk samples obtained from manual milking 2, 14, 26, 38 and 50 hours after application of appropriate KNO3 amount. Following the peroral application of KNO3 to dairy cows, a marked increase in nitrate content in milk appeared in dependence on applied KNO3 (Tab. I). Average value of residual nitrate in milk two hours after administration of 150 g of KNO3 was 34.60 mg of NO3-/l. Increased levels of residual nitrate in milk were found also 38 hours after KNO3 application. Nitrate content in milk after 50 hours was almost identical with that that was determined in milk of experimental cows from morning milking on the day of administration of 150 g of KNO3, considered as the control samples. The values of residual nitrate exceeded 0.05 mg neither in single sample of NaNO2/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Dynamics of methemoglobin levels in the blood of calves in relation to the ingested quantity of nitrates and the transrenal transport of nitrates]. / Dynamika hladín methemoglobínu v krvi teliat v závislosti na mnozstve prijatých dusicnanov a transrenálny prestup dusicnanov.

Changes of methaemoglobin levels were investigated in the blood of suckling calves. Transrenal passage of nitrates was determined in dependence on the ingested amount of nitrates. The experiments were conducted under defined husbandry conditions; no excessive nitrate and nitrite supplementation of the calves by feeds and water could be stated. Imitation of possible field conditions when mainly water, but feeds too, may contain higher nitrate and nitrite levels, was carried out by peroral administration of an aquaeous solution of KNO3 to calves. The administered dose was increased from one to 2, 5 and 10 g per animal and day, respectively, in weekly intervals. MtHb determination in the blood of experimental calves on day 1 and 5 of the administration of 1 g KNO3 revealed no significant values. On day 1 and 5 of the administration of 2, 5 and 10 g KNO3 per animal and day, respectively, a significant increase of MtHb levels in the blood of calves was observed 2 and 3 hours after administration, followed by a decrease 4 hours after administration. The maximum values of MtHb in the blood of experimental calves, observed 3 hours following application of the respective KNO3 dose, were within the tolerance limits of the reference values. In urine, 3 hours after the administration of 10 g of KNO3 a mean nitrate value of 941.40.

[A method of extraction in the detection of residual inhibiting substances in the tissues of pigs and calves after unavoidable slaughter]. / Metodika extraktov v detekcii rezíduí inhibicných látok v tkanivách nevyhnutne zabitých osípaných a teliat.

Differences were studied in detecting residues of inhibitory substances in tissue samples of pigs and calves after emergency slaughter. Samples of liver, heart, kidney and muscle of 30 pigs and 16 calves were examined. Solid samples of organ tissues placed on an agar medium and extracts of the solid samples placed into agar pits were used for detection. Samples were parallelly subjected to the microbiologic diffusion method, using the S. aureus CCM 2022 and B. subtilis CCM 1999 microorganisms. The method of obtaining the extracts from solid samples of the organs was proposed and tested at our own workplace. The presence of inhibitory substances was displayed by the formation of inhibition zones. Results of the positive samples in calves (7 samples) and in pigs (3 samples) point out explicitly to the fact that the extracts of the tissue samples display positively larger inhibition zones in comparison with the solid samples. B. subtilis was demonstrated to be more sensitive than S. aureus, comparing the used microorganisms.