Optimal control strategies on HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection with mathematical modelling approach.

In this paper, a compartmental model on the co-infection of pneumonia and HIV/AIDS with optimal control strategies was formulated using the system of ordinary differential equations. Using qualitative methods, we have analysed the mono-infection and HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection models. We have computed effective reproduction numbers by applying the next-generation matrix method, applying Castillo Chavez criteria the models disease-free equilibrium points global stabilities were shown, while we have used the Centre manifold criteria to determine that the pneumonia infection and pneumonia and HIV/AIDS co-infection exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever the corresponding effective reproduction number is less than unity. We carried out the numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of the co-infection model solutions. Furthermore, we have investigated various optimal control strategies to predict the best control strategy to minimize and possibly to eradicate the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia co-infection from the community.

Modeling the transmission dynamics of racism propagation with community resilience.

Racism spreading can have a vital influence on people's lives, declining adherence, pretending political views, and recruiters' socio-economical crisis. Besides, Web 2.0 technologies have democratized the creation and propagation of racist information, which facilitated the rapid spreading of racist messages. In this research work, the impact of community resilience on the spread dynamics of racism was assessed. To investigate the effect of resilience-building, new SERDC mathematical model was formulated and analyzed. The racism spread is under control where R 0 < 1 , whereas persist in the community whenever R 0 > 1 . Sensitivity analysis of the parameters value of the model are conducted. The rising of transmission and racial extremeness rate provides the prevalence of racism spread. Effective community resilience decline the damages, mitigate, and eradicate racism propagation. Theoretical analysis of the model are backed up by numerical results. Despite the evidence of numerical simulations, reducing the transmission and racial extremeness rate by improving social bonds and solidarity through community resilience could control the spread of racism.

Modelling the effect of desert locust infestation on crop production with intervention measures.

The Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria(Forskål), is the most devastating migratory pest in the world. The Desert Locust persists as the principal threat to food security in the infested region and beyond. In the inadequacy of reliable and efficient prevention and control measures, strategies for controlling and mitigating the trouble of the Desert Locust are focused on non-risk-free interventions such as chemical pesticides. We formulated and analyzed a mathematical model to assess the impact of this devastating pest on crop production. The theoretical analysis of the model shows that the trivial and locust free equilibriums are unstable, whereas interior equilibrium is asymptotically stable if crop growth rate r is greater than a maturity rate σ Numerical simulations of the model using the baseline parametric values are consistent with theoretical analysis. The conventional scenario projections for crop production (based on the baseline levels of anti-Desert Locust interventions considered in the study) increase by 70.44 % ( 2663.26 ) k g per hectare) if the low depletion pesticide measures performed are maintained proportionally with locust population. This study notes that high-level depletion of the chemical pesticide spray measures could lead to devastating crop losses (similar to those projections before the onset of the pesticide spray) and severe human health and environmental risks. At a baseline harvesting coverage could shelter 44.43 k g to 1176.82 k g per hectare of mature crops. Combining early harvesting and low depletion chemical pesticide with ultra-low volume (ULV) spray devices and formulation could mitigate and eliminate Desert Locust infestation.

Model the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 propagation with public health intervention.

In this work, a researcher develops SHEIQRD (Susceptible-Stay-at-home-Exposed-Infected-Quarantine-Recovery-Death) coronavirus pandemic, spread model. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are computed and analyzed. The basic reproduction number R0 is acquired, and its sensitivity analysis conducted. COVID-19 pandemic spread dies out when R0≤1 and persists in the community whenever R0>1. Efficient stay-at-home rate, high coverage of precise identification and isolation of exposed and infected individuals, reduction of transmission, and stay-at-home return rate can mitigate COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, theoretical analysis and numerical results are shown to be consistent.