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1.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 738: 150559, 2024 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39182355

RESUMO

Cancer cells communicate within the tumor microenvironment (TME) through extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as crucial messengers in intercellular communication, transporting biomolecules to facilitate cancer progression. Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) facilitates protein sorting into small EVs as a post-translational modifier. However, the effect of UBL3 overexpression in EV-mediated protein secretion has not been investigated yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UBL3 overexpression in enhancing EV-mediated Achilles protein secretion in MDA-MB-231 (MM) cells by a dual-reporter system integrating Akaluc and Achilles tagged with Ubiquitin where self-cleaving P2A linker connects Akaluc and Achilles. MM cells stably expressing Ubiquitin-Akaluc-P2A-Achilles (Ubi-Aka/Achi) were generated. In our study, both the bioluminescence of Ubiquitin-Akaluc (Ubi-Aka) and the fluorescence of Achilles secretion were observed. The intensity of Ubi-Aka was thirty times lower, while the Achilles was four times lower than the intensity of corresponding cells. The ratio of Ubi-Aka and Achilles in conditioned media (CM) was 7.5. They were also detected within EVs using an EV uptake luciferase assay and fluorescence imaging. To investigate the effect of the UBL3 overexpression in CM, Ubi-Aka/Achi was transiently transfected into MM-UBL3-KO, MM, and MM-Flag-UBL3 cells. We found that the relative fluorescence expression of Achilles in CM of MM-UBL3-KO, MM, and MM-Flag-UBL3 cells was 30 %, 28 %, and 45 %, respectively. These findings demonstrated that UBL3 overexpression enhances EV-mediated Achilles protein secretion in CM of MM cells. Targeting UBL3 could lead to novel therapies for cancer metastasis by reducing the secretion of pro-metastatic proteins, thereby inhibiting disease progression.

2.
Nanotechnology ; 35(38)2024 Jul 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38838651

RESUMO

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (NRs) were grown hydrothermally on the wide bandgap (∼3.86 - 4.04 eV) seed layers (SLs) of grain size ∼162 ± 35 nm, prepared using ball-milled derived ZnO powder. The synthesized ZnO NRs were further decorated with ZnS nanocrystals to achieve a ZnO NR-ZnS core-shell (CS)-like nano-scaffolds by a subsequent hydrothermal synthesis at 70 °C for 1 h. UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirmed the formation of ZnS atop the vertically aligned ZnO NR arrays of ∼1.79 ± 0.17µm length and ∼165 ± 27 nm diameter. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/EDX analyses revealed that vertically aligned ZnO NRs (core dia. ∼181 ± 12 nm) arrays are conformally coated by an ultrathin ZnS (∼25 ± 7 nm) shell layer with a preferential ZnS{111}/ZnO{10-10}-like partial epitaxy. The ZnO NRs exhibited a sharp band edge near ∼384 nm having optical bandgap energy (Eg) of ∼3.23 eV. However, the ZnO NR-ZnS CS exhibited double absorption bands atEg∼ 3.20 eV (ZnO-core) andEg∼ 3.78 eV (ZnS-shell). The ZnS{111}/ZnO{10-10}-nano-scaffolds could be utilized to facilitate the enhanced absorption of UV photons as well as the radial junction formation between the Pb-free perovskite absorber and ZnS/ZnO NRs layers.

3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(14)2024 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39063212

RESUMO

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is essential for visualizing drug distribution, metabolites, and significant biomolecules in pharmacokinetic studies. This study mainly focuses on imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant that affects endogenous metabolite concentrations. The aim was to use atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI)-MSI combined with different dimensionality reduction methods to examine the distribution and impact of imipramine on endogenous metabolites in the brains of treated wild-type mice. Brain sections from both control and imipramine-treated mice underwent AP-MALDI-MSI. Dimensionality reduction methods, including principal component analysis, multivariate curve resolution, and sparse autoencoder (SAE), were employed to extract valuable information from the MSI data. Only the SAE method identified phosphorylcholine (ChoP) as a potential marker distinguishing between the control and treated mice brains. Additionally, a significant decrease in ChoP accumulation was observed in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain, caudate putamen, and striatum ventral regions of the treated mice brains. The application of dimensionality reduction methods, particularly the SAE method, to the AP-MALDI-MSI data is a novel approach for peak selection in AP-MALDI-MSI data analysis. This study revealed a significant decrease in ChoP in imipramine-treated mice brains.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Imipramina , Fosforilcolina , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Animais , Imipramina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Fosforilcolina/metabolismo , Fosforilcolina/análogos & derivados , Masculino , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/farmacocinética , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Análise de Componente Principal
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(9)2024 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38732055

RESUMO

Knowledge of gender-specific drug distributions in different organs are of great importance for personalized medicine and reducing toxicity. However, such drug distributions have not been well studied. In this study, we investigated potential differences in the distribution of imipramine and chloroquine, as well as their metabolites, between male and female kidneys. Kidneys were collected from mice treated with imipramine or chloroquine and then subjected to atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AP-MALDI-MSI). We observed differential distributions of the drugs and their metabolites between male and female kidneys. Imipramine showed prominent distributions in the cortex and medulla in male and female kidneys, respectively. Desipramine, one of the metabolites of imipramine, showed significantly higher (*** p < 0.001) distributions in the medulla of the male kidney compared to that of the female kidney. Chloroquine and its metabolites were accumulated in the pelvis of both male and female kidneys. Interestingly, they showed a characteristic distribution in the medulla of the female kidney, while almost no distributions were observed in the same areas of the male kidney. For the first time, our study revealed that the distributions of imipramine, chloroquine, and their metabolites were different in male and female kidneys.


Assuntos
Cloroquina , Imipramina , Rim , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Animais , Imipramina/metabolismo , Masculino , Cloroquina/metabolismo , Cloroquina/farmacologia , Feminino , Camundongos , Rim/metabolismo , Fatores Sexuais , Caracteres Sexuais , Distribuição Tecidual
5.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 42(4): 395-406, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35139656

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis provides a means to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events during chronological aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) acts as a signaling molecule, and its levels were used to govern several biological pathways, for example, promoting angiogenesis by SIRT1 (sirtuin 1)-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling to rejuvenate capillary density of old-aged mice. NAD+ modulation shows promise in the vascular remodeling of endothelial cells. However, NAD+ distribution in atherosclerotic regions remains uncharacterized. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, might increase the abundance of cofactors in blood vessels due to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism. METHODS: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a Western diet, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-treated groups were supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (1%, w/w) or eicosapentaenoic acid (1%, w/w) for 3 weeks. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging was exploited to detect exogenous and endogenous NAD+ imaging. RESULTS: NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADPH, FAD+, FADH, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide of the aortic arches were detected higher in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-treated mice than the nontreated control. Comparing the distribution in the outer and inner layers of the arterial walls, only NADPH was detected slightly higher in the outer part in eicosapentaenoic acid-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of adding docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid to the Western diet led to a higher NAD+, FAD+, and their metabolites in the aortic arch. Considering the pleiotropic roles of NAD+ in biology, this result serves as a beneficial therapeutic strategy in the animal model counter to pathological conditions.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , NAD , Animais , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Dieta Ocidental , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Flavina-Adenina Dinucleotídeo , Camundongos , NADP , Sirtuína 1
6.
Environ Res ; 226: 115594, 2023 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36907342

RESUMO

Estuarine contamination by Microplastics (MPs) is a mater of serious concern since these areas offer the society valuable ecosystem, economic, and recreational services such as breeding and feeding ground for fish, carbon fixation, nutrients recycling and port development. The Meghna estuary, located along the Bengal delta coast, provides livelihoods for thousands of peoples in Bangladesh, and served as breeding ground for national fish, Hilsha shad. Therefore, knowledge and understanding on any kind of pollution including MPs of this estuary is essential. In this study, the abundance, characteristics and contamination assessment of MPs from the surface water of a Meghna estuary were investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated that MPs were present in all samples and the abundance ranged from 33.33 to 316.67 item/m3 with a mean value of 128.89 ± 67.94 item/m3. Morphological analyses resulted in four types of MPs such as fibers (87%), fragments (6%), foam (4%), and films (3%) with the majority of these being colored (62%) and smaller (<0.5 mm) in size (88%). On the other hand, FTIR analysis for chemical characteristics confirmed five types of polymers, including polythene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polythene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The area was determined to be moderately to severely contaminated with MPs based on contamination factor (CF) values (6.18 ± 2.08 to 2.50 ± 1.0) and the pollutant load index (PLI) value (1.94 ± 0.33) as these values were > 3-6 for CF, and >1 for PLI. These results can be utilized to develop policy for the protection of this important environment.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Microplásticos/análise , Plásticos , Estuários , Ecossistema , Água , Polietileno/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Peixes , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(15)2023 Aug 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37569813

RESUMO

To understand the ultra-early reaction of normal organ lipids during irradiation, we investigated the response of lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) chains, which are particularly susceptible to damage by ROS, in mice's kidneys, lungs, brains, and livers within 5 min of single high-dose irradiation. In this study, we set up three groups of C56BL/6 male mice and conducted whole-body irradiation with 0 Gy, 10 Gy, and 20 Gy single doses. Kidney, lung, brain, and liver tissues were collected within 5 min of irradiation. PUFA-targeted and whole lipidomic analyses were conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that PUFA chains of kidney phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TG) significantly increased within 5 min of 10 Gy and 20 Gy irradiation. The main components of increased PUFA chains in PC and PE were C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6, and in TG the main component was C18:2. The kidney lipidomes also showed significant changes from the perspective of lipid species, mainly dominated by an increase in PC, PE, TG, and signal lipids, while lipidomes of the lung, brain, and liver were slightly changed. Our results revealed that acute PUFA chains increase and other lipidomic changes in the kidney upon whole-body irradiation within 5 min of irradiation. The significantly increased lipids also showed a consistent preference for possessing PUFA chains. The lipidomic changes varied from organ to organ, which indicates that the response upon irradiation within a short time is tissue-specific.


Assuntos
Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Irradiação Corporal Total , Masculino , Camundongos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Lecitinas , Rim/química
8.
J Environ Manage ; 344: 118472, 2023 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37384995

RESUMO

Microplastics (MPs) have gained a serious attention as an emerging contaminant throughout the world because of their persistence and possible risks to aquatic ecosystems and human well-being. However, knowledge on MPs contamination from sub-tropical coastal systems is limited, and no study has been conducted on the MPs contamination in sediment from one of the highest sediment-laden estuaries, Meghna River, in the world. This is the first study to examine the quantity, morpho-chemical characteristics and contamination risk level of MPs from this large scale river. MPs were extracted from the sediment samples of 10 stations along the banks of the estuary by density separation, and then characterized using a stereomicroscope and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The incidence of MPs varied from 12.5 to 55 item/kg dry sediment with an average of 28.67 ± 10.80 item/kg. The majority (78.5%) of the MPs were under 0.5 mm in size, with fibers being the most (74.1%) prevalent MPs type. Polypropylene (PP) was found to be the predominant polymer (53.4%), followed by polyethylene (PE, 20%), polystyrene (PS, 13.3%), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 13.3%). The highest occurrence of PP indicted the MPs in the estuary might be originated from clothing and dying industries, fishing nets, food packages, and pulp industries. The sampling stations were contaminated with MPs as shown by the contamination factor (CF) values and pollutant load index (PLI), both of which were >1. This study exposed new insights on the status of MPs in the sediments of the Meghna River, laying the groundwork for future research. The findings will contribute to estimate the global share of MPs to the marine environment.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Microplásticos/química , Plásticos , Estuários , Ecossistema , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Polipropilenos/análise
9.
Anal Biochem ; 650: 114707, 2022 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35568159

RESUMO

Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases in the world that often leads to misery and death. Current treatments include different kinds of anticancer therapy which exhibit different types of side effects. Because of certain physicochemical properties, anticancer peptides (ACPs) have opened a new path of treatments for this deadly disease. That is why a well-performed methodology for identifying novel anticancer peptides has great importance in the fight against cancer. In addition to the laboratory techniques, various machine learning and deep learning methodologies have developed in recent years for this task. Although these models have shown reasonable predictive ability, there's still room for improvement in terms of performance and exploring new types of algorithms. In this work, we have proposed a novel multi-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) for identifying anticancer peptides from protein sequences. We have collected data from the existing state-of-the-art methodologies and applied binary encoding for data preprocessing. We have also employed k-fold cross-validation to train our models on benchmark datasets and compared our models' performance on the independent datasets. The comparison has indicated our models' superiority on various evaluation metrics. We think our work can be a valuable asset in finding novel anticancer peptides. We have provided a user-friendly web server for academic purposes and it is publicly available at: http://103.99.176.239/iacp-cnn/.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antineoplásicos/química , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Redes Neurais de Computação , Peptídeos/química
10.
Expert Rev Proteomics ; 18(3): 201-219, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33793353

RESUMO

Introduction: Cancer is a heterogeneous disease that exploits various metabolic pathways to meet the demand for increased energy and structural components. Lipids are biomolecules that play essential roles as high energy sources, mediators, and structural components of biological membranes. Accumulating evidence has established that altered lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cancer.Areas covered: Mass spectrometry (MS) is a label-free analytical tool that can simultaneously identify and quantify hundreds of analytes. To date, comprehensive lipid studies exclusively rely on this technique. Here, we reviewed the use of MS in the study of lipids in various cancers and discuss its instrumental limitations and challenges.Expert opinion: MS and MS imaging have significantly contributed to revealing altered lipid metabolism in a variety of cancers. Currently, a single MS approach cannot profile the entire lipidome because of its lack of sensitivity and specificity for all lipid classes. For the metabolic pathway investigation, lipid study requires the integration of MS with other molecular approaches. Future developments regarding the high spatial resolution, mass resolution, and sensitivity of MS instruments are warranted.


Assuntos
Lipídeos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Espectrometria de Massas , Redes e Vias Metabólicas
11.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom ; 35(10): e9076, 2021 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33651445

RESUMO

RATIONALE: DIUTHAME (desorption ionization using through-hole alumina membrane), a recently developed matrix-free ionization-assisting substrate, was examined for reproducibility in terms of mass accuracy and intensity using standard lipid and mouse brain sections. The impregnation property of DIUTHAME significantly improved the reproducibility of mass accuracy and intensity compared with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). METHODS: Frozen tissue sections were mounted on indium tin oxide-coated glass slides. DIUTHAME and DHB were applied to individual sections. Subsequently, a solution of a phosphatidylcholine standard, PC(18:2/18:2), was poured onto the DIUTHAME and matrix. Finally, the samples were subjected to laser desorption ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The reproducibility was tested by calculating the mean ± standard deviation values of mass errors and intensities of individual ion species. RESULTS: Analysis of the PC(18:2/18:2) standard showed significantly (p < 0.01) lower mass error for DIUTHAME-MS than for MALDI-MS. Endogenous PC(36:4) analysis in mouse brain section also showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower mass errors for DIUTHAME-MS. Furthermore, we investigated the mass error of some abundant lipid ions in brain sections and observed similar results. DIUTHAME-MS displayed lower signal intensity in standard PC analysis. Interestingly, it offered higher signal intensities for all the endogenous lipid ions. Lower fluctuations of both mass accuracies and signal intensities were observed in DIUTHAME-MS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that DIUTHAME-MS offers higher reproducibility for mass accuracies and intensities than MALDI-MS in both standard lipid and mouse brain tissue analyses. It can potentially be used instead of conventional MALDI-MS and mass spectrometry imaging analyses to achieve highly reproducible data for mass accuracy and intensity.

12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(8)2020 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32316553

RESUMO

The vermilion of the human lip is a unique facial area because of certain distinguishing features from the adjacent tissues such as the white lip (skin) and oral mucosa. However, the distinction in terms of molecular distribution between the vermilion and skin has remained unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to map the human lip by mass spectrometry imaging to gain understanding of the free fatty acid distribution in the vermilion. The lip specimens trimmed off during cheiloplasty were analyzed using desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging. Distributions of two monounsaturated fatty acids and three polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in the human lip tissue: palmitoleic acid (POA) and oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. Although POA, OA, LA, and AA were differentially distributed across the vermilion and skin, DHA showed a higher accumulation in the epithelium of the vermilion compared to that in the skin. Our results clearly demonstrated the difference in fatty acid distributions between the vermilion and skin. The highly abundant DHA in the epithelium of the vermilion may have an antioxidant role and may thus protect the lip from aging. Our findings can provide a novel strategy for treating lip disorders.


Assuntos
Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Lábio/química , Lábio/cirurgia , Pele/química , Ácido Araquidônico/análise , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Ácido Linoleico/análise , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Ácido Oleico/análise , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Distribuição Tecidual
13.
J Plant Physiol ; 302: 154323, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106735

RESUMO

Pathogen-responsive immune-related genes (resistance genes [R-genes]) and hormones are crucial mediators of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, their integrated functions in regulating SAR signaling components in local and distal leaves remain largely unknown. To characterize SAR in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)-Brassica napus pathosystem, the responses of R-genes, (leaf and phloem) hormone levels, H2O2 levels, and Ca2+ signaling-related genes were assessed in local and distal leaves of plants exposed to four Xcc-treatments: Non-inoculation (control), only secondary Xcc-inoculation in distal leaves (C-Xcc), only primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves (Xcc), and both primary and secondary Xcc-inoculation (X-Xcc). The primary Xcc-inoculation provoked disease symptoms as evidenced by enlarged destructive necrosis in the local leaves of Xcc and X-Xcc plants 7 days post-inoculation. Comparing visual symptoms in distal leaves 5 days post-secondary inoculation, yellowish necrotic lesions were clearly observed in non Xcc-primed plants (C-Xcc), whereas no visual symptom was developed in Xcc-primed plants (X-Xcc), demonstrating SAR. Pathogen resistance in X-Xcc plants was characterized by distinct upregulations in expression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)-related kinase-encoding gene, BIK1, the (CC-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, ZAR1, and its signaling-related gene, NDR1, with a concurrent enhancement of the kinase-encoding gene, MAPK6, and a depression of the (TIR-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, TAO1, and its signaling-related gene, SGT1, in distal leaves. Further, in X-Xcc plants, higher salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, both in phloem and distal leaves, were accompanied by enhanced expressions of the SA-signaling gene, NPR3, the JA-signaling genes, LOX2 and PDF1.2, and the Ca2+-signaling genes, CAS and CBP60g. However, in distal leaves of C-Xcc plants, an increase in SA level resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which enhanced only SA-dependent signaling, EDS1 and NPR1. These results demonstrate that primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves induces resistance to subsequent pathogen attack by upregulating BIK1-ZAR1-mediated synergistic interactions with SA and JA signaling as a crucial component of SAR.


Assuntos
Ciclopentanos , Oxilipinas , Doenças das Plantas , Ácido Salicílico , Transdução de Sinais , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Xanthomonas campestris/fisiologia , Xanthomonas campestris/patogenicidade , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Brassica napus/microbiologia , Brassica napus/genética , Brassica napus/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Resistência à Doença/genética , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Imunidade Vegetal/genética
14.
PLoS One ; 19(10): e0309430, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39446759

RESUMO

Skin lesions encompass a variety of skin abnormalities, including skin diseases that affect structure and function, and skin cancer, which can be fatal and arise from abnormal cell growth. Early detection of lesions and automated prediction is crucial, yet accurately identifying responsible regions post-dominance dispersion remains a challenge in current studies. Thus, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approach employing a Customized Transfer Learning (CTL) model and Triple Attention (TA) modules in conjunction with Ensemble Learning (EL). While Ensemble Learning has become an integral component of both Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methodologies, a specific technique ensuring optimal allocation of weights for each model's prediction is currently lacking. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to introduce a novel method for determining optimal weights to aggregate the contributions of models for achieving desired outcomes. We term this approach "Information Gain Proportioned Averaging (IGPA)," further refining it to "Multi-Level Information Gain Proportioned Averaging (ML-IGPA)," which specifically involves the utilization of IGPA at multiple levels. Empirical evaluation of the HAM1000 dataset demonstrates that our approach achieves 94.93% accuracy with ML-IGPA, surpassing state-of-the-art methods. Given previous studies' failure to elucidate the exact focus of black-box models on specific regions, we utilize the Gradient Class Activation Map (GradCAM) to identify responsible regions and enhance explainability. Our study enhances both accuracy and interpretability, facilitating early diagnosis and preventing the consequences of neglecting skin lesion detection, thereby addressing issues related to time, accessibility, and costs.


Assuntos
Aprendizado de Máquina , Redes Neurais de Computação , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Aprendizado Profundo , Pele/patologia , Algoritmos
15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38384147

RESUMO

The death of brain cells occurs when blood flow to a particular area of the brain is abruptly cut off, resulting in a stroke. Early recognition of stroke symptoms is essential to prevent strokes and promote a healthy lifestyle. FAST tests (looking for abnormalities in the face, arms, and speech) have limitations in reliability and accuracy for diagnosing strokes. This research employs machine learning (ML) techniques to develop and assess multiple ML models to establish a robust stroke risk prediction framework. This research uses a stacking-based ensemble method to select the best three machine learning (ML) models and combine their collective intelligence. An empirical evaluation of a publicly available stroke prediction dataset demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed stacking-based ensemble model, with only one misclassification. The experimental results reveal that the proposed stacking model surpasses other state-of-the-art research, achieving accuracy, precision, F1-score of 99.99%, recall of 100%, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC), and Kappa scores 1.0. Furthermore, Shapley's Additive Explanations (SHAP) are employed to analyze the predictions of the black-box machine learning (ML) models. The findings highlight that age, BMI, and glucose level are the most significant risk factors for stroke prediction. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient techniques for stroke prediction, potentially saving many lives.

16.
Environ Pollut ; 342: 123036, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38030111

RESUMO

Microplastics (MPs) as hazardous contaminants has drawn the rapid attention of the general public due to their omnipresence and adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite this, understanding of MPs contamination levels in the estuarine ecosystems along the Bay of Bengal coast remains very limited. This research focused on the presence, spatial distribution, morpho-chemical characteristics and ecological implications of MPs in water and sediment from five key estuaries (Meghna, Karnaphuli, Matamuhuri, Bakkhali, and Naf rivers) within the Bengal delta. Out of the five estuaries, the Meghna exhibited the least amount of MPs in both surface water (150.00 ± 65.62 items/m3) and sediment (30.56 ± 9.34 items/kg). In contrast, the highest occurrence of MPs was recorded in Karnaphuli river water (350.00 ± 69.22 items/m3) and Matamuhuri river sediment (118.33 ± 26.81 items/kg). ANOVA indicated a statistically significant distinction (p < 0.01) among the examined estuaries. Most identified MPs were fibers and < 0.5 mm in size in both water and sediment samples. Transparent MPs were dominant in both water (42.28%) and sediment (45.22%). Besides violet, red, blue, pink and green colored MPs were also observed. Various polymer types, including PE, PP, PET, PS, Nylon, EVA, and ABS, were detected, with PE being the dominant one. Based on the polymer risk index (PHI), the estuaries were classified as hazard level V, signifying a severe level of MP contamination. However, the potential ecological hazardous index (PHI), potential ecological risk index (RI), and pollution load index (PLI) indicated moderate pollution levels. This study offers initial insights into the pollution caused by MPs in major estuaries of Bengal delta, which policymakers can utilize to implement suitable management strategies.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Plásticos , Ecossistema , Estuários , Baías/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Polímeros , Água , Medição de Risco
17.
Data Brief ; 57: 110895, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39314890

RESUMO

In Bangladesh, there are significant number of medicinal plants, but currently no comprehensive record of these valuable species is publicly available. Alarmingly, some of these plants are in a precarious state of endangerment. Therefore, we are creating a unique dataset of Bangladesh's rare, endangered, and threatened medicinal plants to support conservation efforts. It will help us to track and conserve endangered plant species, ensuring a more organized approach to research and preservation efforts. We conducted on-site visits to the National Botanical Garden and The Government Unani and Ayurvedic Medical College, capturing photographs of these plants in optimal sunlight conditions at various times of the day. This involved fieldwork, detailed image annotations, dataset organization, diversity augmentation, and contribution to the preservation of our natural heritage. We have collected a total of 16 types of rare and endangered medicinal plant leaf photos to create our unique dataset consisting of a total of 3494 images. This dataset will help researchers in biodiversity conservation through building efficient machine learning models and applying advanced machine learning techniques to identify rare and endangered medicinal plants.

18.
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom ; 35(6): 1227-1236, 2024 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38778699

RESUMO

Cholesterol is a primary lipid molecule in the brain that contains one-fourth of the total body cholesterol. Abnormal cholesterol homeostasis is associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique is a powerful tool for studying lipidomics and metabolomics. Among the MSI techniques, desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (DESI-MSI) has been used advantageously to study brain lipidomics due to its soft and ambient ionization nature. However, brain cholesterol is poorly ionized. To this end, we have developed a new method for detecting brain cholesterol by DESI-MSI using low-temperature plasma (LTP) pretreatment as an ionization enhancement. In this method, the brain sections were treated with LTP for 1 and 2 min prior to DESI-MSI analyses. Interestingly, the MS signal intensity of cholesterol (at m/z 369.35 [M + H - H2O]+) was more than 2-fold higher in the 1 min LTP-treated brain section compared to the untreated section. In addition, we detected cholesterol, more specifically excluding isomers by targeted-DESI-MSI in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and similar results were observed: the signal intensity of each cholesterol transition (m/z 369.4 → 95.1, 109.1, 135.1, 147.1, and 161.1) was increased by more than 2-fold due to 1 min LTP treatment. Cholesterol showed characteristic distributions in the fiber tract region, including the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, anterior part of the brain where LTP markedly (p < 0.001) enhanced the cholesterol intensity. In addition, the distributions of some unknown analytes were exclusively detected in the LTP-treated section. Our study revealed LTP pretreatment as a potential strategy to ionize molecules that show poor ionization efficiency in the MSI technique.


Assuntos
Química Encefálica , Colesterol , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Colesterol/análise , Colesterol/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Camundongos , Gases em Plasma/química , Lipidômica/métodos
19.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; 69(1): 38-46, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34961356

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Students are one of the most vulnerable groups to suicide. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a Bangladeshi study was conducted assessing their suicide patterns regarding gender-based associations. But how has the pandemic changed the Bangladeshi students' suicide patterns is not studied yet, which is investigated herein. Besides, for the first time, this study provides GIS-based distribution of suicide cases across the country's administrative district. METHODS: As Bangladesh has no suicide surveillance system, this study utilized media reporting suicide cases following the prior studies. A total of 127 students' suicide cases from March 2020 to March 2021 were finally analyzed after eliminating the duplicate ones, and data were synthesized following the prior studies. Arc-GIS was also used to distribute the suicide cases across the administrative district. RESULTS: Results revealed that female (72.4%; n = 92/127) was more prone to die by suicide than males. About 42.5% of the cases were aged between 14 and 18 years (mean age 16.44 ± 3.512 years). The most common method of suicide was hanging (79.5%; n = 101), whereas relationship complexities (15.7%), being emotional (12.6%), not getting the desired one (11%), conflict with a family member (9.4%), academic failure (9.4%), mental health problem (8.7%), sexual complexities (6.3%), scolded or forbidden by parents (3.9%) were the prominent suicide causalities. In respect to gender and suicide patterns, only the suicide stressor was significantly distributed, whereas the method of suicide was significantly associated with GIS-based distribution. However, a higher number of suicide cases was documented in the capital (i.e. Dhaka) and the northern region than in its surrounding districts. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reported herein are assumed to be helpful to identify the gender-based suicide patterns and suicide-prone regions in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic to initiate suicide prevention programs of the risky students.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Estudantes
20.
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom ; 34(7): 1491-1500, 2023 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37308161

RESUMO

Drug distribution studies in tissue are crucial for understanding the pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of drugs. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has gained attention for drug distribution studies due to its high sensitivity, label-free nature, and ability to distinguish between parent drugs, their metabolites, and endogenous molecules. Despite these advantages, achieving high spatial resolution in drug imaging is challenging. Importantly, many drugs and metabolites are rarely detectable by conventional vacuum MALDI-MSI because of their poor ionization efficiency. It has been reported that acetaminophen (APAP) and one of its major metabolites, APAP-Cysteine (APAP-CYS), cannot be detected by vacuum MALDI-MSI without derivatization. In this context, we showed the distribution of both APAP and APAP-CYS in kidneys at high spatial resolution (25 and 10 µm) by employing an atmospheric pressure-MALDI imaging mass microscope without derivatization. APAP was highly accumulated in the renal pelvis 1 h after drug administration, while APAP-CYS exhibited characteristic distributions in the outer medulla and renal pelvis at both 30 min and 1 h after administration. Interestingly, cluster-like distributions of APAP and APAP-CYS were observed in the renal pelvis at 10 µm spatial resolution. Additionally, a novel APAP metabolite, tentatively coined as APAP-butyl sulfate (APAP-BS), was identified in the kidney, brain, and liver by combining MSI and tandem MSI. For the first time, our study revealed differential distributions of APAP, APAP-CYS (in kidneys), and APAP-BS (in kidney, brain, and liver) and is believed to enhance the understanding of the pharmacokinetics and potential nephrotoxicity of this drug.


Assuntos
Acetaminofen , Cisteína , Acetaminofen/química , Acetaminofen/farmacocinética , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Rim/metabolismo
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