Adrenal cavernous Hemangioma;A rare diagnosis of adrenal incidentaloma:A case report, and literature review.

Adrenal cavernous hemangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor. To date, less than 70 cases have been reported in the literature. In most of the cases, the tumor is hormonally silent, discovered incidentally and the diagnosis is made postoperatively. Pre-operative differentiation between this benign tumor and other malignant adrenal tumors is challenging. In this article we present a case of a non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma that was managed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The post-operative histological diagnosis was adrenal cavernous hemangioma.

Delayed Bladder Perforation Related to Immediate Single Dose Intravesical Doxorubicin Instillation After TURBT: A Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Intravesical chemotherapy instillation immediately after tumor resection is a well-known practice in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Despite being largely well tolerated in most cases, it is not devoid of severe and life-threatening complications. CASE PRESENTATION: We present an unusual case of bladder perforation that happened 2 weeks after bladder tumor resection. The patient had received single dose intra-vesical instillation of doxorubicin after TUR-BT. Conservative managements failed to achieve bladder healing; as a result, open surgical repair was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bladder perforation after intra-vesical doxorubicin instillation. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of such a rare serious complication in a mostly safe intervention must be taken into consideration. A high index of suspicion, timely management, and proceeding to more invasive surgical treatments when necessary are cornerstones in the management and preserving the bladder.

Huge perinephric hematoma after ureteroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy for ureteral stone; A life-threatening rare complication: Case report and review of literature.

INTRODUCTION: Ureteroscopy with pneumatic lithotripsy is a relatively safe procedure for the management of the ureteral stone disease. However; subcapsular hematoma and even huge perinephric hematoma are potentially serious events that may complicate this procedure and must be kept in mind. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of huge perinephric hematoma post ureteroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy for an impacted ureteral stone. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of such a rare complication in a relatively safe procedure must be taken into consideration especially while dealing with patients with long-standing obstruction and thin renal cortex. Furthermore, the risk of bleeding should be included in risk-benefit counselling before ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

Evaluation of Voiding Position on Uroflowmetry Parameters and Post Void Residual Urine in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Healthy Men.

Uncertainty remains whether it is best for men to void in a sitting or standing position. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of standing and sitting voiding position on uroflowmetry parameters and post void residual urine (PVRU) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy men. A total of 116 participants with BPH (Group 1) and 78 healthy men (Group 2) were enrolled in the study. The uroflowmetry parameters were measured in both positions. The PVRU volume was measured using transabdominal ultrasound after each voiding. Uroflowmetry parameters and PVRU were measured and compared between the two different voiding positions using Wilcoxon signed rank test. In Group 1, there were significant statistical differences in uroflowmetry parameters between standing and sitting voiding position. The median of maximum flow rate in Group 1 in standing and sitting position was 14.7 ml/s (IQR; 11.7-17.5) and 11 ml/s (IQR; 8.9-13.3), respectively (p < .0001). The median voided volume at standing position was 340 ml (IQR; 276-455) while it was 267 ml (IQR; 194-390) at sitting position (p < .0001). Median average flow rate in standing position was 5.9 ml/s (IQR; 4.5-7.5) and 5 ml (IQR; 3.2-6.4) in sitting position. There was a statistically significant difference between the median of PVRU in standing and sitting position (p < .0001). In patients with BPH, voiding in standing position showed better uroflowmetry parameters and significant less PVRU volume.

Ureteric stenting vs not stenting following uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy: A prospective randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three groups of patients who underwent uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) and to evaluate whether stenting could be eliminated after the procedure, as there is no consensus about whether a ureteric stent should be placed after uncomplicated ureteroscopy for stone retrieval. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomised clinical trial (NCT04145063) 105 patients underwent uncomplicated URSL for ureteric stones. They were prospectively randomised into three groups: Group 1 (34 patients) with a double pigtail ureteric stent, Group 2 (35 patients) with a double pigtail ureteric stent with extraction string, and Group 3 (36 patients) with no ureteric stent placed after the procedure. The outcomes measured were: postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score for flank pain and dysuria score, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, haematuria, analgesia requirement, operative time, re-hospitalisation, and return to normal physical activity. RESULTS: The mean (SD) operative time was significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 compared to Group 3, at 22.2 (9.1), 20.2 (6) and 15.1 (7.1) min, respectively (P < 0.001). The results of the VAS for flank pain and dysuria scores, urgency, frequency, haematuria, and suprapubic pain showed a significant difference at all time-points of follow-up, being significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 compared to Group 3 (all P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that measured outcomes, and analgesia need for groups 1 and 2 were similar, at all time-points except at week 1 and 1 month where Group 2 patients' had less symptoms (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Double pigtail ureteric stent placement appears to be unnecessary in procedures considered 'uncomplicated' by operating urologists during surgery. The advantages of the double pigtail ureteric stent with extraction string over the double pigtail ureteric stent only include earlier and easier removal with earlier relief of symptoms, and less analgesia requirements. ABBREVIATIONS: KUB: plain abdominal radiograph of the kidneys, ureters and bladder; URSL: ureteroscopic lithotripsy; VAS: visual analogue scale.

Objective and subjective improvement in children with idiopathic detrusor overactivity after intravesical botulinum toxin injection: A preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Intravesical Botulinum toxin injection on the symptoms and urodynamic parameters in pediatric patients with idiopathic overactive bladder (iOAB) refractory to medical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed as an open-label uncontrolled therapeutic clinical trial. The eligible patients who underwent Intravesical botulinum toxin injection were evaluated before treatment. The evaluation included a 7-day paper bladder diary to assess OAB symptoms (frequency, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and nocturnal enuresis (NE)), filling the Arabic International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI short form), and conducting urodynamic study. The Urodynamic parameters obtained were the maximum filling detrusor pressure, cystometric bladder capacity, and compliance. After 12 weeks of the intravesical injection, the patients were revaluated and the results were compared using paired samples t-test. RESULTS: The study enrolled 75 patients. And of those, statistical analysis was done on 46 patients who did follow the study protocols. The mean age was 8.9 years and male to female ratio was 1:4. There was a statistically significant improvement in overactive bladder symptoms and urodynamic parameters in the patient injected with botulinum toxin with minimal side effects. CONCLUSION: The evidence in this study would support the safety and efficacy of Intravesical botulinum toxin injection in children with refractory idiopathic OAB with significant improvement of symptoms, quality of life, as well as urodynamic parameters. TYPE OF STUDY: Open-label uncontrolled therapeutic clinical trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder presented with spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture can present with symptoms of acute abdomen. The associated high mortality rate is attributed to the delay in diagnosis, and the possibility of the presence of a bladder carcinoma contributes to high mortality as well. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture associated with squamous cell carcinoma managed with partial cystectomy. DISCUSSION: The incidence of this condition is (1:126,000) but with high mortality rate. It occurs more commonly in male [1]. It can be associated with carcinoma, chronic cystitis, chronic catheterization, bladder outflow obstruction and others. Standard management includes timely diagnosis of this condition, followed by bladder repair in the form of primary closure, partial cystectomy or radical cystectomy. However in the presence of carcinoma the prognosis is poor. CONCLUSION: high index of clinical suspicion and the timely diagnosis can lead to a more favorable outcome.