[Structural organization of neurons of spinal ganglia innervating the colon].

The localization and morphological features of viscerosensory neurons of sacral spinal ganglia (SSG), innervating the colon, were investigated. In urethane anaesthetized cats, the solution of horseradish peroxidase was injected under the serosa of ascending and descending parts of the colon as well as of the rectum. After 48 hours animals were repeatedly anesthetized and transcardially perfused. Sections of SSG were stained according to Mezulam protocol (1978). All the regions of the colon studied were shown to receive afferent innervation from neurons of SSG SI, SII and SIII. Maximum number of the labeled cells was detected in SSG SII. The intensity of afferent innervation of the colon by the neurons of SSG was found to increase along its length in cranio-caudal direction.

Regular structural organization of intrahemisphere interzonal connections in the visual cortex of the cat.

The aim of the present work was to conduct a morphometric analysis of the cluster organization of neurons forming interzonal corticocortical connections in the visual cortex. The investigations used a method based on retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and mathematical analysis of the spatial distribution of labeled cells. Measurements yielded the following quantitative characteristics of the cell distribution--the volume and linear sizes of clusters, the distance between the centers of gravity of clusters, and the periodicity in the distribution of clusters along the cortical surface. Age-related features of the distribution of cells giving rise to cortical interzonal connections were identified. The experiments showed that the pattern of the cluster organization typical of adult cats was formed by the end of the second month of life. Quantitative differences in the spatial organization of neuron groups in the cortex of visual fields 17 and 18 were demonstrated.

[A morphological analysis of the cluster organization of the cortico-cortical neurons in area 17 of the cat visual cortex]. / Morfologicheskii analiz klasternoi organizatsii korkovo-korkovykh neironov v pole 17 zritel'noi kory koshki.

Spatial organisation and quantitative features of cortico-cortical neurons in area 17 that project to area 21a of cat visual cortex were investigated. We used the HRP technique and two-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections of brain. Pattern of distribution of labelled cells in some regions of areas 17 and 18, on the lateral and medial surface of the brain were analysed. The data about cluster organisation of cortico-cortical neurones, localisation, layer distribution and density of neurons were obtained.

[Morphological analysis of the formation of cluster organization of neurons, forming the corticocortical connections in the cat visual cortex in early postnatal ontogenesis]. / Morfologicheskii analiz formirovaniia klasaternoi organizatsii neironov, obrazuiushchikh korkovo-korkovye sviazi v zritel'noi kore u koshki v rannem postnatal'nom ontogeneze.

The development of cluster organization of neurons forming direct interzonal associative projections from striate cortex (area 17) to extrastriate area 21a in cat was studied by a technique of horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport. Reconstruction of cortical region containing retrogradely labeled neurons was performed using continuous serial sections of the brain. The analysis of spatial organization was done and quantitative characteristics of distribution pattern of initial corticocortical neurons in striate cortex in kittens were obtained. Interzonal connections were detected since 14th postnatal day. Neuronal cluster organization started forming after day 21 while its pattern became similar to that in the adult animal both qualitatively and quantitatively by the end of the 2nd postnatal month, that is somewhat later than it was previously thought. The data obtained also demonstrate the age-dependent decrease in the convergence of the striate cortex projections to area 21a associated with the reduction of the area, occupied by initial neurons.

[Orderly structural organization of intrahemispheric interzonal connections in the cat visual cortex]. / Uporiadochennaia strukturnaia organizatsiia vnutripolusharnykh mezhzonal'nykh sviazei v zritel'noi kore koshki.

The study was aimed at morphometric analysis of cluster organization of neurons, forming interzonal cortico-cortical connections within the visual cortex. The study employed the technique based on horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport and methods of mathematical analysis of spatial distribution of labeled cells. The quantitative characteristics of cell distribution were obtained including cluster volume and linear dimensions, distances between their centers of gravity, periodicity and distribution along cortical surface. Age-related peculiarities in the distribution of initial cells of cortical interzonal connections were found. It was demonstrated that adult cluster organization pattern was established by the end of the second postnatal month. Quantitative differences in the spatial distribution of neuronal groups in the visual cortical areas 17 and 18 were determined.

[Changes in oxygen metabolism during active avoidance learning in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats]. / Izmeneniia kislorodnogo obmena pri obuchenii aktivnomu izbeganiiu u spontanno gipertenzivnykh i normotenzivnykh krys.

A decreased pO2 was found in the SHR rats' sensomotor area of the brain cortex in resting as well as in learning of the avoidance reflex as compared with the WKY rats. Avoidance training resulted in the decrease of pO2 in the brain tissue and the increase of common oxygen consumption. The recovery of common oxygen consumption to initial level took longer in the SHR rats. The number of the avoidance conditioned responses was greater in the SHR rats than in the WKY ones. The changes of the SHR rats' oxygen metabolism seem to be caused by morphological alterations, resulting in the peculiarities of the avoidance behaviour formation. These changes are enhanced in ageing and most obvious under emotional-motor loads in hypertensive animals.

[A diagnostic algorithm and treatment procedure in disordered vital functions in newborns admitted to a resuscitation ward]. / Algoritm diagnostiki i taktika lecheniia narushenii vital'nykh funktsii novorozhdennykh pri postuplenii v otdelenie reanimatsii.

Total mortality decreased by 2.5 times in the wards for intensive care of the newborns in the Tushino Pediatric Hospital in 1996 and is now 7.6%. Such results are due to a complex of measures, one such measure being the development and introduction of an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of newborns hospitalized in intensive care wards. The algorithm facilitates the work of the staff, helps earlier diagnose a disease, and, hence, carry out timely scientifically based therapy.