Labour market participation among rehabilitated individuals with spinal cord injury in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To document the labour market participation rate and investigate the impact of social and economic characteristics on this outcome among individuals with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) who participated in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in Brazil. SETTING: A specialised rehabilitation centre in southern Brazil. METHODS: An interview was performed with former rehabilitation clients with SCI/D. A total of 111 community-dwelling individuals with SCI/D who had been previously rehabilitated in a large regional rehabilitation centre were considered. Employment status and demographic, injury, work, and economic characteristics were self-reported via interview. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The labour market participation rate was 21.6% (24 individuals). Five respondents were employed in formal work activities, and the other 19 were involved in informal activities (self-employed). Since the onset of injury, a shorter time was associated with nonparticipation in occupational work. Individuals with a higher level of education were more likely to be working. Household income was higher among the participants who had returned to work than among those who had not returned. CONCLUSION: There is a relatively low labour market participation rate among rehabilitated individuals with SCI/D in southern Brazil. The rehabilitation services should emphasise vocational training, access to education, and employment support for individuals with SCI/D from early onset after the injury. Public policies must be revised to support labour market participation among individuals with SCI/D in Brazil.

Risk for falls among community-dwelling older people: systematic literature review. / Risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade: revisão sistemática da literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for falls of the community-dwelling elderly in order to update the Taxonomy II of NANDA International. METHOD: A systematic literature review based on research using the following platforms: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL and MEDLINE, from December 2010 to December 2014. The descriptors used were (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR Community Health Services OR Primary health care) AND (Risk OR Risk Assessment OR Fall Risk Factors) AND (Fall* OR Accidental Fall) AND (Community Dwelling OR older) AND Nurs* AND Fall Risk Factors. RESULTS: The sample comprised 62 studies and 50 risk factors have been identified. Of these risk factors, only 38 are already listed in the classification. CONCLUSIONS: Two new categories of risk factors are proposed: psychological and socio-economical. New fall risk factors for the community-dwelling elderly have been identified, which can contribute to the updating of this nursing diagnosis of the Taxonomy II of NANDA International.

[Nursing diagnosis "impaired walking" in elderly patients: integrative literature review]. / Diagnóstico de enfermagem "deambulação prejudicada" no paciente idoso: revisão integrativa da literatura.

The impaired walking nursing diagnosis has been included in NANDA International classification taxonomy in 1998, and this review aims to identify the defining characteristics and related factors in elderly patients in recent literature. Integrative literature review based on the following guiding question: Are there more defining characteristics and factors related to the nursing diagnosis impaired walking than those included in NANDA International classification taxonomy in elderly patients? Search conducted in 2007-2013 on international and Portuguese databases. Sample composed of 15 papers. Among the 6 defining characteristics classified at NANDA International, 3 were identified in the search results, but 13 were not included in the classification. Regarding the 14 related factors that are classified, 9 were identified in the sample and 12 were not included in the NANDA International taxonomy. This review allowed the identification of new elements not included in NANDA International Taxonomy and may contribute to the development of taxonomy and nursing knowledge.

Scoping Review of Fall Risk Assessment Tools for Women Who Receive Maternity Care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe fall risk assessment tools used for women who receive maternity care. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SciELO, and Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP). STUDY SELECTION: We considered reports published until November 28, 2022, that included women during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period; involved the use of fall risk assessment tools, regardless of context; and were published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish. DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted the following data from the included reports: author(s)/year/country, aim/sample, research design/type of report, tool (i.e., the fall risk assessment tool used), findings, reliability, and validity. DATA SYNTHESIS: We found 13 reports in which the authors addressed nine fall risk assessment tools. Seven of these tools were applied during pregnancy (Kyle's tool, Pregnant Women Information Form and Assessment Scale for Risk of Falling in Pregnant Women, Obstetric Fall Risk Assessment System), labor (Obstetric Fall Risk Assessment System), the postpartum period (Cooksey-Post Obstetric Delivery Fall Risk Assessment, Kyle's tool, Risk of Falling in Post-partum Women (SLOPE), Obstetric Fall Risk Assessment System, Post-epidural Fall Risk Assessment Score, and Maternal Fall Risk Assessment Scale). The Dionne's Egress Test and the Motor Strength Scale do not address the characteristics of the women who receive maternity care. Psychometric characteristics were available for the Pregnant Women Information Form and Assessment Scale for Risk of Falling in Pregnant Women, Post-epidural Fall Risk Assessment Score, Maternal Fall Risk Assessment Scale, and Risk of Falling in Post-partum Women. CONCLUSION: Some fall risk assessment tools are used to assess women who receive maternity care without proper validation in this specific population. The use of fall risk assessment tools that are validated for women who receive maternity care may help nurses make clinical judgments when assessing fall risk and implement measures for fall prevention.

Attitudes and Behaviors towards Vaccination in Portuguese Nursing Students.

Knowing the attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in relation to vaccination is important because they will soon be determinant for the health literacy of the population. Vaccination remains the most effective response in the fight against communicable diseases, including COVID-19 and influenza. The objective of this study is to analyze the attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese nursing students with regard to vaccination. A cross-sectional study was carried out, with data collection from nursing students at a university in Lisbon, Portugal. A sample of 216 nursing students was obtained, representing 67.1% of the students enrolled in this university. What stands out from the results of the questionnaire "Attitudes and Behaviors in Relation to Vaccination among Students of Health Sciences" is that for the majority of students the answers were positive; in addition, 84.7% had a completed vaccination schedule for COVID-19. Being a nursing student, being in the final years of the course and being a woman are the factors that most influence the positive attitude of the students. The results obtained are motivating, because these students will be the future health professionals most likely to integrate health promotion programs through vaccination.

Vaccine Coverage against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Health Sciences Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain.

Vaccination against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 is recommended in health sciences students to reduce the risk of acquiring these diseases and transmitting them to patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate how the pandemic influenced the modification of influenza vaccination coverage during the 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 campaigns and to analyze the vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 in health sciences students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. A questionnaire was administered in two stages, the first, Q1, before the start of the pandemic, where we analyzed influenza coverage during the 2019/2020 campaign and a second, Q2, 18 months after the start of the pandemic where we analyzed influenza coverage during the 2021/2022 campaign and coverage against SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1894 students (58.78% of the total of those enrolled) participated. Flu vaccination coverage increased from 26.7% in Q1 to 35.0% in Q2 (p < 0.05), being higher in the age group older than 21 years, who studied nursing, were in their fourth year and lived with people at risk. Vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 was very high (97.8%), especially in students vaccinated against influenza. Coverage of the influenza vaccine in health sciences students increased from 2019-2020 to 2021-2022, being higher in the age group older than 21 years, who studied nursing, were in their first and fourth year and lived with people at risk. Coverage of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in health sciences students was very high, especially in those vaccinated against influenza.

The Attitude towards Vaccination of Health Sciences Students at a Spanish University Improved over the First 18 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

It is important to know the attitudes of students of health sciences (SHSs) towards vaccination since they will be tomorrow's health professionals. Vaccination is a powerful tool in the fight against COVID-19. The aim of the present, cross-sectional study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the attitude of SHSs towards vaccination. Data were collected in the form of a questionnaire from all students of nursing, physiotherapy and chiropody matriculated at a Madrid University for the academic year 2019/2020 (i.e., before the start of the pandemic [Q1]), and from all those matriculated for the year 2021/22 (i.e., c18 months after the pandemic was declared [Q2]). A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the influence of sex, degree being studied, course year and the time of answering (Q1 or Q2), on the dimensions Beliefs, Behaviours and General Attitude. Overall, 1894 questionnaires were returned (934 [49.3%] for Q1, and 960 [50.7%] for Q2), of which 70.5% were completed by students of nursing, 14% by students of physiotherapy and 15.4% by those studying chiropody. In Q2, the results for all three dimensions were significantly better (p < 0.05). The most important influencing factors were being a student of nursing, being in the final years of training (years 3 or 4), female gender and answering at the time of Q2. The results obtained are encouraging since student nurses (who showed Q1 and Q2 General Attitude scores of 3.34 and 3.47 (maximum possible 4), respectively [p < 0.05]) are the health professionals of tomorrow most likely to be involved in vaccination programmes.

The fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders.

AIMS: To understand how the fear of falls emerges and manifests itself in caregivers of institutionalized elders. METHOD: It is a qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory and carried out with 24 informal caregivers, 5 nurses, 2 physicians and 2 directors of two Portuguese nursing homes. Data collection took place through interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis, between October 2016 and January 2018. Data was collected and analyzed simultaneously, following the stages of open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS: The comparative analysis of the findings identified the conceptual category "Fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders". The main category is associated with the categories: maintaining safety, hidden fear of falls, the perceived self-efficacy in the prevention of falls, falls and interpersonal relations, previous experiences, and team support. CONCLUSIONS: The fear has an influence on the self-efficacy perceived in the prevention of falls; the quality of the teamwork, in turn, is affected by previous negative experiences and by the support of the team.

Attitude towards Vaccination among Health Science Students before the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Health science students are tomorrow's health professionals, the duties of whom could include vaccination. This work examines the general attitude towards vaccination in students attending the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Chiropody at a university in Madrid, Spain, using the 'Attitudes and Behaviour With Regard To Vaccination Among Health Science Students Questionnaire'. The results were subjected to multivariate analysis to identify the influence of sex, the degree being pursued, and 'course year'. The number of students vaccinated against influenza in the campaign preceding the present study was also recorded, as were the factors that influenced decision-making in this regard. A total of 934 students completed the questionnaire. Their beliefs regarding vaccination were positive (mean score 3.23 points out of 4), as was their behaviour (3.35/4). Their general attitude (all variables taken together) was therefore also good (3.27/4). Only 26.8% of the students had been vaccinated against influenza. Beliefs scores among the students of nursing in their more senior course years were significantly better than those recorded for all other groups. These students also showed the best general attitude towards vaccination and formed the largest group vaccinated against influenza. The results obtained are encouraging since nursing students are the most likely of future healthcare professionals to be involved in vaccination programmes.

Application of anthropometric methods in the nursing process of nursing research.

OBJECTIVES: to identify anthropometric techniques and measurements related to nursing diagnoses and interventions, included in the NANDA International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), respectively. METHODS: descriptive study of the revision of the NANDA-I and NIC taxonomies by professors of Nursing of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. RESULTS: A total of 24 nursing diagnoses, 20 nursing interventions and 71 nursing activities were identified that require the use of anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: anthropometric measurements are necessary in the conduct of numerous nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions that are commonly used in healthcare practice. It would be useful to systematize the use of anthropometric techniques in the application of the nursing process and to standardize this training process.

Fear of falling among Brazilian and Portuguese older adults.

BACKGROUND: Falling is the leading cause of physical disability, mortality and social exclusion in older adults. In Brazil and Portugal, falls cause thousands of hospitalisations every year. Fear of falling (FOF) causes loss of confidence in accomplishing daily tasks, restriction in social activities and increased dependence. AIM: To compare the prevalence of FOF between Brazilian and Portuguese community-dwelling older adults and the factors associated with FOF. METHODS: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from older adults residing in Brazil (n = 170; M age=70.44 years) and Portugal (n = 170; M age=73.56 years). RESULTS: The prevalence of FOF was significantly higher (p = 0.015) among Portuguese (n = 133, 54.1%) versus Brazilian (n = 113, 45.9%) older adults. FOF among Brazilian older adults was associated with being 76 + years of age and female. Among Portuguese older adults, factors associated with FOF were intake of daily medications, having fallen within the past year, and visual difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of falling is linked with modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Timely assessments of FOF and factors associated with FOF are essential. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Primary care nurses should assess and address FOF in older people with interdisciplinary practitioners.

Humor intervention in the nurse-patient interaction.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. METHOD: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. RESULTS: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. CONCLUSION: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.

Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale - International in a sample of Portuguese elderly.

OBJECTIVE: to translate and adapt Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I). To analyze the psychometric properties of the FES-I Portugal version. METHOD: psychometric study. Sample consisting of 170 elderly people residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. A two- part form was used (sociodemographic characterization and FES-I Portugal). The cross-cultural adaptation was performed and the following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, predictive, and discriminant), reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: the results allow us to verify a dimension of less demanding physical activities and another of more demanding physical activities. The inter-rater reliability study was 0.62, with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.859, for a 95% confidence interval. The internal consistency of the Portuguese version was 0.962. CONCLUSION: the validity and reliability of the FES-I Portugal are consistent with the original version and proved to be appropriate instruments for evaluating the "impaired walking" and "risk of falls" nursing diagnoses in the older people.

Autopreconceito e preconceito social no quotidiano de pessoas com lesão medular e suas famílias / Self-reception and social prejudice in the daily life of people with spinal cord injury and their families / Autoconvención y prejuicio social en la vida cotidiana de las personas con lesiones medulares y sus familias

Objetivo: Compreender a vivência do autopreconceito e do preconceito social no cotidiano de pessoas com lesão medular e de suas famílias. Métodos: Estudo interpretativo, qualitativo, desenvolvido com 21 participantes (12 pessoas com lesão medular e 9 familiares), de um Centro Especializado de Reabilitação no sul do Brasil, cujas fontes de evidências foram entrevistas individual e duas oficinas que corroboram para validação dos dados. Para o agrupamento e organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti e a análise dos dados envolveu: análise preliminar, ordenação, ligações-chaves, codificação e categorização, guiada pelo olhar da Sociologia Compreensiva e do Quotidiano. Resultados: Evidencia o autopreconceito: marcas no corpo e na alma, cadeira de rodas e a percepção negativa da doença, do declínio à reconstrução da autoimagem; preconceito nas mais diversas dimensões: familiar e social. Conclusão: O autopreconceito influencia negativamente a autoimagem, criando um mecanismo de defesa e de negação da condição de vivenciar a lesão medular. A família é determinante na transformação do quotidiano e da maneira como a pessoa convive e percebe a sua condição. Precisa-se de uma sensibilização para o olhar sobre pré-conceitos estabelecidos que implicam sobre a segregação de pessoas em sociedade. (AU)

Objective: To understand the experience of self-concept and social prejudice in the daily lives of people with spinal cord injury and their families. Methods: Interpretative, qualitative study, developed with 21 participants (12 people with spinal cord injury and 9 family members), of a Specialized Rehabilitation Center in southern Brazil, whose sources of evidence were individual interviews and two workshops that corroborate for data validation. For the grouping and organization of the data, the Atlas.ti software was used and the analysis of the data involved: preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding and categorization, guided by the gaze of Comprehensive Sociology and Everyday Life. Results: Evidence of self-concept: marks on the body and soul, wheelchair and the negative perception of the disease, from the decline to the reconstruction of self-image; prejudice in the dimensions: family and social. Conclusion: Self-prejudice negatively influences self-image, creating a mechanism of defense and denial of condition experiencing spinal cord injury. The family is decisive in everyday transformation the way that a person lives and perceives his condition. We need a sensibilization to look established preconceptions that imply about the segregation of people in society. (AU)

Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia del autopreconceito y del prejuicio social en el cotidiano de personas con lesión de la médula espinal y de sus familias. Métodos: Estudio interpretativo cualitativo, desarrollado con 21 participantes (12 personas con lesión medular y 9 familiares), de un Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación en el sur de Brasil, cuyas fuentes de evidencia fueron entrevistas individuales y dos talleres que corroboraron la validación de datos. Para la agrupación y organización de los datos, se utilizó el software Atlas.ti y el análisis de los datos implicó: análisis preliminar, ordenación, enlaces claves, codificación y categorización, guiada por la mirada de la Sociología Comprensiva y del Cotidiano. Resultados: evidencia del autopreconceito: marcas en el cuerpo y en el alma, silla de ruedas y la percepción negativa de la enfermedad, del declive a la reconstrucción de la autoimagen; prejuicio en las dimensiones: familiar y social. Conclusion: el auto prejuicio influencia negativamente la autoimagen, creando un mecanismo de defensa y de negación de la condición experimentando una lesión en la médula espinal. La familia es determinante en la transformación de la vida cotidiana y en que la persona que vive y se da cuenta de su condición. Se necesita una conciencia para mirar los preconceptos establecidos que implican sobre la segregación de las personas en la sociedad. (AU)

The fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders / El miedo a caer entre los profesionales que atienden a ancianos institucionalizados / O medo de queda nos profissionais que cuidam de idosos institucionalizados

ABSTRACT Aims To understand how the fear of falls emerges and manifests itself in caregivers of institutionalized elders. Method It is a qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory and carried out with 24 informal caregivers, 5 nurses, 2 physicians and 2 directors of two Portuguese nursing homes. Data collection took place through interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis, between October 2016 and January 2018. Data was collected and analyzed simultaneously, following the stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results The comparative analysis of the findings identified the conceptual category "Fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders". The main category is associated with the categories: maintaining safety, hidden fear of falls, the perceived self-efficacy in the prevention of falls, falls and interpersonal relations, previous experiences, and team support. Conclusions The fear has an influence on the self-efficacy perceived in the prevention of falls; the quality of the teamwork, in turn, is affected by previous negative experiences and by the support of the team.

RESUMEN Objetivo Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo surge y se manifiesta el miedo a caerse en los cuidadores de ancianos institucionalizados. Método Estudio cualitativo apoyado por Grounded Theory realizado con 24 cuidadores informales, 5 enfermeras, 2 médicos y 2 directores de dos hogares de ancianos portugueses. Los hallazgos fueron recopilados con entrevistas, observación participante y análisis de la documentación, entre octubre de 2016 y enero de 2018. Los datos se recopilaron y analizaron simultáneamente, siguiendo las etapas de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados El análisis comparativo de los hallazgos identificó la categoría conceptual: el miedo a caer en los cuidadores de ancianos institucionalizados, con categorías asociadas: mantenimiento de la seguridad, miedo oculto a las caídas, autoeficacia percibida en prevención y caídas, caídas y relaciones interpersonales, experiencias previas y apoyo al equipo. Conclusiones El miedo afecta la autoeficacia percibida en la prevención de caídas; La calidad del trabajo en equipo está influenciada por experiencias negativas previas y el apoyo del equipo.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender como surge e se manifesta o medo de queda nos cuidadores de idosos institucionalizados. Método Estudo Qualitativo suportado pela Grounded Theory realizado com 24 cuidadores informais, 5 enfermeiros, 2 médicos e 2 diretores de duas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos Portuguesas. A colheita dos achados foi feita com entrevistas, observação participante e análise da documentação, entre outubro de 2016 e janeiro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados e analisados simultaneamente, seguindo as etapas da codificação aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados A análise comparativa dos achados identificou a categoria conceitual: Medo de queda nos cuidadores de idosos institucionalizados, com as categorias associadas: manter a segurança, medo oculto de queda, autoeficácia percebida na prevenção e quedas, a queda e as relações interpessoais, experiências anteriores e suporte da equipe. Conclusões O medo afeta a autoeficácia percebida na prevenção de quedas; a qualidade de trabalho em equipa e é influenciado pelas experiências anteriores negativas e pelo suporte da equipa.

Validation of the international 7-item falls efficacy scale in portuguese community-dwelling older adults / Validación de la escala falls efficacy scale internacional de 7 ítems en ancianos portugueses residentes en la comunidad / Validação da falls efficacy scale internacional 7 itens em idosos portugueses residentes na comunidade

ABSTRACT Objective to determine the psychometric properties of the international 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale. Method a psychometric study. Convenience sample consisting of 170 older adults living in the Madeira Autonomous Region, Portugal. A two-part instrument was used (sociodemographic characterization and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International-Portugal). The starting point was the translation and transcultural adaptation already carried out for the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (16 items). Construct validity (factorial analysis and discriminant validity) and the reliability (Cronbach's α) of the 7-item scale were evaluated. Previous authorization was obtained from the Ethics Commission and from the people involved. Results in the exploratory factorial analysis, the International 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale presents an explained variance of 65.8%. The Spearman's correlation between the score obtained based on the 7 items and the score obtained based on the 16 items is significant and very strong (r=0.987, p<0.0001). Internal consistency was 0.958. Conclusion the validity and reliability study of the International 7-item Falls Efficacy Scale revealed that it is an adequate scale for the evaluation of the fear of falling in the community-dwelling older adults.

RESUMEN Objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems. Método estudio psicométrico. Muestra por conveniencia de 170 ancianos que viven en la Región Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. Se empleó un instrumento constituido por dos partes (caracterización sociodemográfica y la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional - Portugal). Se partió de la traducción y adaptación transcultural ya realizada de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (16 ítems). Se evaluó la validez de constructo (análisis factorial y validez discriminante) y la confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) de la escala de 7 ítems. Previamente se obtuvo la autorización de la Comisión de Ética y de las personas involucradas. Resultados en el análisis factorial exploratorio, la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems presenta una varianza explicada del 65,8%. La correlación de Spearman entre la puntuación obtenida sobre la base de los 7 ítems y la obtenida sobre la base de los 16 ítems es significativa y muy fuerte (r=0,987, p<0,0001). La consistencia interna fue de 0,958. Conclusión el estudio de la validez y la confiabilidad de la escala Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional de 7 ítems reveló que es una escala adecuada para evaluar el miedo a caer en el anciano que vive en la comunidad.

RESUMO Objetivo determinar as propriedades psicométricas da Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens. Método estudo psicométrico. Amostra de conveniência, de 170 idosos residentes em Região Autónoma da Madeira, Portugal. Recorreu-se a instrumento constituído por duas partes (caracterização sociodemográfica e a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional Portugal). Partiu-se da tradução e adaptação transcultural já realizada para a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (16 itens). Avaliou-se a validade de constructo (análise fatorial e validade discriminante) e a confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) da escala de 7 itens. Obteve-se previamente autorização da Comissão de Ética e das pessoas envolvidas. Resultados na análise fatorial exploratória a Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens apresenta uma variância explicada de 65,8%. A correlação de Spearman entre a pontuação obtida com base nos 7 itens e a pontuação obtida com base nos 16 itens é significativa e muito forte (r=0.987, p<0.0001). A consistência interna foi de 0,958. Conclusão o estudo da validade e a confiabilidade da Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional 7 itens revelou ser uma escala adequada para a avaliação do medo de cair na pessoa idosa residente na comunidade.

Strenghts and limits in the daily life of the adherence to rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury and their families / Puntos favorables-límites en el día a día de la adhesión a la rehabilitación de personas con lesión medular y sus familias / Potências-limites no quotidiano da adesão à reabilitação de pessoas com lesão medular e suas famílias

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the strengths and limits in the daily life of the adherence to rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury and their families. Method: an interpretive study of a qualitative nature, based on Comprehensive and Everyday Life Sociology, involving 21 participants, 12 individuals with spinal cord injury and 9 family members, in a Specialized Rehabilitation Center in southern Brazil. The sources of evidence were individual and collective interviews, adopting the strategy of workshops for data validation. The Atlas.ti software was used for data collation and organization. Data analysis involved the following stages: preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding, and categorization. Results: the following categories and subcategories were found: Strengths in the adherence to rehabilitation - welcoming and walking side by side; rehabilitation: a return to life; coexistence that brings the family together, as well as practicing faith. Limits on the adherence to rehabilitation - (d)efficiency of the health professionals in health care. Conclusion: rehabilitation was evidenced as a possibility of returning to life, which enables coexistence among equals and stimulates self-care and adaptation. The family rescues the desire to live, and faith is a mechanism of hope and optimism. It is noteworthy that the welcoming deficit in Primary Health Care and the scarcity of rehabilitation care services in the hospital determine the onset of avoidable complications, in addition to the lack of guidance and/or referrals, characterizing a gap in the Referral and Counter-Referral System.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los puntos favorables y los límites en el día a día de la adhesión a la rehabilitación de personas con lesión medular y sus familias. Método: estudio interpretativo de carácter cualitativo, fundamentado en la Sociología Comprensiva y de lo Cotidiano y realizado con 21 participantes, 12 de ellos personas con lesión medular y 09 familiares, en un Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación del sur de Brasil. Las fuentes de evidencias fueron entrevistas individuales y colectivas, para las cuales se adoptó la estrategia de talleres para validar los datos. Para el agrupamiento y la organización de los datos se utilizó el software Atlas.ti. El análisis de los datos abarcó las siguientes etapas: análisis preliminar, ordenamiento, vinculaciones clave, codificación y categorización. Resultados: se hicieron evidentes las siguientes categoría y subcategorías: Puntos favorables en la adhesión a la rehabilitación - recibir con brazos abiertos y caminar lado a lado; rehabilitación: un retorno a la vida; la convivencia que acerca a la familia, al igual que como practicar la fe. Límites en la adhesión a la rehabilitación - la (d)eficiencia de los profesionales de la salud en la atención. Conclusión: la rehabilitación se presentó como una posibilidad de retornar a la vida, que hace posible la convivencia entre semejantes, estimula el autocuidado y la adaptación. La familia rescata la voluntad de vivir, y la fe es un mecanismo de esperanza y optimismo. Se destaca que el déficit de recepción en la Atención Primaria de la Salud y la escasez de cuidados de rehabilitación en el ámbito hospitalario determinan la aparición de complicaciones evitables, además de la falta de orientación y/o derivaciones, lo que caracteriza una falla en el Sistema de Derivaciones y Contraderivaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as potências e os limites no quotidiano da adesão à reabilitação de pessoas com lesão medular e suas famílias. Método: estudo interpretativo de natureza qualitativa, fundamentado na Sociologia Compreensiva e do Quotidiano, envolvendo 21 participantes, sendo 12 pessoas com lesão medular e 09 familiares, em um Centro Especializado de Reabilitação no sul do Brasil. As fontes de evidências foram entrevistas individuais e coletivas, adotando-se, para estas, a estratégia de oficinas para validação dos dados. Para o agrupamento e organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti. A análise dos dados envolveu: análise preliminar, ordenação, ligações-chave, codificação e categorização. Resultados: evidenciaram as categorias e subcategorias: Potências na adesão à reabilitação - acolher e caminhar junto; reabilitação: um retorno à vida; a convivência que aproxima a família, bem como praticar a fé. Limites na adesão à reabilitação - (d)eficiência dos profissionais de saúde no cuidado. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a reabilitação como uma possibilidade de retorno à vida, que possibilita a convivência entre iguais, estimula o autocuidado e a adaptação. A família resgata o querer viver, e a fé é um mecanismo de esperança e otimismo. Ressalta-se que o déficit de acolhimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde e a escassez de cuidados de reabilitação no âmbito hospitalar determinam o aparecimento de complicações evitáveis, além da falta da orientação e/ou encaminhamentos, caracterizando uma falha no Sistema de Referência e Contrarreferência.

Application of anthropometric methods in the nursing process of nursing research / Aplicação de métodos antropométricos no processo de enfermagem de pesquisa em enfermagem / Aplicación de métodos antropométricos en el proceso de enfermería de la investigación enfermera

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify anthropometric techniques and measurements related to nursing diagnoses and interventions, included in the NANDA International (NANDA-I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), respectively. Methods: descriptive study of the revision of the NANDA-I and NIC taxonomies by professors of Nursing of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Results: A total of 24 nursing diagnoses, 20 nursing interventions and 71 nursing activities were identified that require the use of anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: anthropometric measurements are necessary in the conduct of numerous nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions that are commonly used in healthcare practice. It would be useful to systematize the use of anthropometric techniques in the application of the nursing process and to standardize this training process.

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar técnicas e medidas antropométricas relacionadas com diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem, incluídas na NANDA-Internacional (NANDA-I) e na Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) respectivamente. Métodos: estudo descritivo. Revisão das taxonomias NANDA-I e NIC por Professores de Enfermagem da Universidade Complutense de Madrid. Resultados: foram identificados 24 diagnósticos de enfermagem, 20 intervenções de enfermagem e 71 atividades de enfermagem que exigem o uso de medidas antropométricas. Conclusões: as medidas antropométricas são necessárias na realização de diversos diagnósticos de enfermagem e intervenções de enfermagem comummente utilizadas na prática assistencial. Seria útil sistematizar o uso de técnicas antropométricas na aplicação do processo de enfermagem e padronizar o processo de formação.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar técnicas y medidas antropométricas relacionadas con diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería, incluidas en NANDA-International (NANDA-I) y Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC), respectivamente. Métodoss: estudio descriptivo. Revisión de las taxonomías NANDA-I y NIC por profesores de Enfermería de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Resultados: se identificaron 24 diagnósticos de enfermería, 20 intervenciones de enfermería y 71 actividades de enfermería que requerían el uso de mediciones antropométricas. Conclusiones: las mediciones antropométricas son necesarias para establecer numerosos diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería, comúnmente utilizados en la práctica asistencial. Sería útil sistematizar el uso de técnicas antropométricas en la aplicación del proceso de enfermería y estandarizar el proceso de capacitación de las enfermeras.

Humor intervention in the nurse-patient interaction / A intervenção humor na interação enfermeiro-paciente / La intervención humor en la interacción enfermero-paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. Method: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. Results: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. Conclusion: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os fatores que influenciam o uso do humor no cuidado de enfermagem, sua aplicabilidade e benefícios. Método: Revisão escopo segundo a metodologia de Arksey e O'Mally. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018, nas plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Google Académico. Resultados: Foram identificados 465 artigos e incluídos 17 destes. Foi encontrada informação sobre definição de humor; sua aplicabilidade como intervenção de enfermagem; o humor como ferramenta para melhorar a comunicação e a relação entre o enfermeiro e o paciente; fatores de influência; tipo de intervenções de humor; benefícios de humor nos cuidados de saúde e; ainda as limitações e precauções de intervenção de humor. Conclusão: O humor promove a comunicação, as relações e bem-estar; ajuda a lidar com situações difíceis e desagradáveis, reduz a tensão, o desconforto e o estresse; e fortalecer o sistema imunológico. Esta intervenção deve ser usada com precaução.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir los factores que influencian el uso del humor en el cuidado de enfermería, su aplicabilidad y beneficios. Método: Revisión de alcance según la metodología de Arksey y O'Mally. Se investigaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2018, en las plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Google Académico. Resultados: Se han identificado 465 artículos e incluidos 17 de ellos. Se encontró información sobre la definición de humor; su aplicabilidad como intervención de enfermería; el humor como herramienta para mejorar la comunicación y la relación entre el enfermero y el paciente; factores de influencia; el tipo de intervenciones de humor; beneficios del humor en la atención de salud y; las limitaciones y precauciones de intervención del humor. Conclusión: El humor promueve la comunicación, las relaciones y el bienestar; ayuda a manejar situaciones difíciles y desagradables, reduce la tensión, la incomodidad y el estrés; y fortalecer el sistema inmunológico. Esta intervención debe usarse con precaución.

Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale - International in a sample of Portuguese elderly / Validación da Falls Efficacy Scale International en una muestra de ancianos portugueses / Validação da Falls Efficacy Scale International numa amostra de idosos portugueses

ABSTRACT Objective: to translate and adapt Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I). To analyze the psychometric properties of the FES-I Portugal version. Method: psychometric study. Sample consisting of 170 elderly people residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. A two- part form was used (sociodemographic characterization and FES-I Portugal). The cross-cultural adaptation was performed and the following psychometric properties were evaluated: validity (construct, predictive, and discriminant), reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and inter-rater reliability. Results: the results allow us to verify a dimension of less demanding physical activities and another of more demanding physical activities. The inter-rater reliability study was 0.62, with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.859, for a 95% confidence interval. The internal consistency of the Portuguese version was 0.962. Conclusion: the validity and reliability of the FES-I Portugal are consistent with the original version and proved to be appropriate instruments for evaluating the "impaired walking" and "risk of falls" nursing diagnoses in the older people.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (FES-I). Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión FES-I Portugal. Método: Estudio psicométrico. Muestra constituida por 170 ancianos residentes en la Región Autónoma de Madeira. Se utilizó un formulario compuesto por dos partes (caracterización sociodemográfica y FES-I Portugal). Se realizó la adaptación transcultural y se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas: validez (constructo, predictiva y discriminante), confiabilidad (α de Cronbach) y fiabilidad interobservador. Resultados: Los resultados permitieron verificar una dimensión de actividades físicas menos exigentes y otra de actividades físicas más exigentes. El estudio de fiabilidad interobservadores fue de 0,62, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,859, para un intervalo de confianza de un 95 %. La consistencia interna de la versión portuguesa fue de 0,962. Conclusión: La validez y la confiabilidad de la FES-I Portugal son consistentes con la versión original y se revelan como instrumentos adecuados para la evaluación de los diagnósticos de enfermería «deterioro de la deambulación¼ y «riesgo de caídas¼ en ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar Falls Efficacy Scale Internacional (FES-I). Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão FES-I Portugal. Método: estudo psicométrico. Amostra constituída por 170 idosos a residir na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Utilizou-se um formulário com duas partes (caracterização sociodemográfica e FES-I Portugal). Fez-se a adaptação transcultural e avaliaram-se as propriedades psicométricas: validade (constructo, preditiva e discriminante), confiabilidade (α de Cronbach) e fiabilidade interobservador. Resultados: os resultados permitiram verificar uma dimensão de atividades físicas menos exigentes e outra de atividades físicas mais exigentes. O estudo de fiabilidade interobservadores foi de 0,62, com um coeficiente de correlação interclasse de 0,859, para um intervalo de confiança de 95%. A consistência interna da versão portuguesa foi de 0,962. Conclusão: a validade e a confiabilidade da FES-I Portugal são consistentes com a versão original e revelam ser instrumentos adequados à avaliação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem "andar comprometido" e "risco de quedas" em idosos.