Insertion of an Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis as a mitral valve in valve implantation via a transapical approach.

We report a case of transapical mitral valve-in-valve implantation for a deteriorated bioprosthesis using the Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis via the transapical approach. This case demonstrates the safety and feasibility of using the Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis in treating degenerated bioprosthetic mitral valves.

Placement of a rigid tricuspid annuloplasty ring over a flexible ring for the treatment of recurrent tricuspid regurgitation.

We describe a technique that implants a rigid tricuspid annuloplasty ring over a previously inserted flexible ring for the treatment of recurrent tricuspid regurgitation. This technique avoids the trauma associated with the excision of a flexible ring in patients with friable annular tissue.

Mid-term assessment of structural valve deterioration of perceval S sutureless prosthesis using the last European consensus definition.

OBJECTIVES: Durability of sutureless aortic bioprosthetic valves remains a major issue. The aim of this study was to assess structural valve deterioration (SVD) and bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) of the Perceval bioprosthesis using the new proposed standardized definitions. METHODS: All patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with sutureless Perceval S prostheses up to September 2016 were included. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was performed. New standardized definitions were used to assess the durability of sutureless bioprosthetic valves. From 2013 to 2016, 214 patients were included. RESULTS: The mean age and EuroSCORE II were 79 years and 2.74. Thirty-day mortality was 0.47%. The survival rate was 96.8%, 88.1% and 85.7% at 1, 3 and 4 years, respectively. The median echocardiographic follow-up was 3.28 years. The mean pressure gradient was 11.3 mmHg. No cases showed evidence of severe SVD, 17 patients had moderate SVD with a mean pressure gradient of 24 mmHg and 8 patients had definite late BVF. The incidence of moderate SVD and BVF at 4 years was 8.8% and 2.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-term follow-up to 6.3 years after aortic valve replacement with the Perceval bioprosthesis documents favourable haemodynamic and clinical outcomes and low rates of SVD and BVF.

Beneficial effect of left atrial appendage closure during cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 280 585 patients.

In non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial appendage (LAA) is thought to be the source of embolism in 90% of the strokes. Thus, as recent clinical trials have shown the non-inferiority of percutaneous LAA closure (LAAc) in comparison to medical treatment, and despite a IIb recommendation in the latest guidelines for concomitant surgical LAAc, we sought to investigate the beneficial effect of LAAc in the surgical population. A meta-analysis model was performed comparing studies including any cardiac surgery with or without concomitant surgical LAAc reporting stoke/embolic events and/or mortality, from inception to January 2019. Twenty-two studies (280 585 patients) were included in the model. Stroke/embolic events both in the perioperative period [relative risk (RR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.82; P = 0.0001] and during follow-up of >2 years (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.89; P < 0.005) were significantly reduced in patients who underwent surgical LAAc (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.87; P = 0.001). Regarding the rate of preoperative AF, LAAc showed protective effect against stroke/embolic events in studies with >70% preoperative AF (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53-0.77; P < 0.00001) but no benefit in the studies with <30% of preoperative AF (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.46-1.28; P = 0.31). Postoperative mortality was also significantly lower in surgical patients with LAAc at the mid- and long-term follow-up. (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67-0.78; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). Based on these findings, concomitant surgical LAAc is associated with lower rates of embolic events and stroke in the postoperative period in patients with preoperative AF and also improves postoperative mortality in the mid- and long-term follow-up.

Internal Banding to Reduce Paravalvular Leaks for Open Transcatheter Valve Implantation.

Transcatheter valve implantation has become an alternative to open-heart conventional surgery in high-risk patients. We describe a new surgical technique that allows the implantation of a transcatheter valvular prosthesis through an open surgical approach to prevent the appearance of paravalvular leaks in patients with large native rings.

Technique to avoid left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Preserving the subvalvular mitral valve apparatus during mitral valve replacement is extremely important to minimize progressive postoperative left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction. We describe a simple and reproducible surgical technique that prevents the complications that can occur after total mitral anterior leaflet preservation.

[Biatrial vs. isolated left atrial cryoablation for the treatment of long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation. Midterm recurrence rate]. / Crioablación biauricular frente a la ablación aislada de la aurícula izquierda en fibrilación auricular persistente. Recurrencia a medio-largo plazo.

UNLABELLED: The long-term results of cryomaze in patients with longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation during concomitant surgical procedures are still uncertain. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2011, 150 consecutive patients with associated long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation and associated heart disease underwent heart surgery were treated by biatrial Cox-Maze (63 patients) or by isolated endocardial or epicardial left atrial cryoablation (83 patients) concomitantly. The results at 3 years in these groups were compared with clinical monitoring, electrocardiography, 24-hour Holter, and echocardiography with measurement of the transmitral A wave at 1, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter in all patients. RESULTS: Patients undergoing Cox-Maze IV ablation presented rates of freedom from atrial fibrillation of 97, 94, 89, 80 and 54% at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. In the 12-month follow-up, these differences were significant (p<.05). The independent risk factors of atrial fibrillation recurrence was isolated ablation of left atrium. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation by cryothermia ablation had a high success rate before 2 years postoperatively. Recurrence of atrial fibrillation increased thereafter regardless of the technique used, although it was more intense and developed earlier in cases of monoatrial ablation. For the treatment of other long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation cardiac surgery-associated pathology, an aggressive biatrial treatment with Cox maze ablation should be performed.

Rapid growth of left atrial myxoma after radiofrequency ablation.

Atrial myxoma is the most common benign tumor of the heart, but its appearance after radiofrequency ablation is very rare. We report a case in which an asymptomatic, rapidly growing cardiac myxoma arose in the left atrium after radiofrequency ablation. Two months after the procedure, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, performed to evaluate the right ventricular anatomy, revealed a 10 × 10-mm mass (assumed to be a thrombus) attached to the patient's left atrial septum. Three months later, transthoracic echocardiography revealed a larger mass, and the patient was diagnosed with myxoma. Two days later, a 20 × 20-mm myxoma weighing 37 g was excised. To our knowledge, the appearance of an atrial myxoma after radiofrequency ablation has been reported only once before. Whether tumor development is related to such ablation or is merely a coincidence is uncertain, but myxomas have developed after other instances of cardiac trauma.

Crioablación biauricular frente a la ablación aislada de la aurícula izquierda en fibrilación auricular persistente. Recurrencia a medio-largo plazo / Biatrial vs. isolated left atrial cryoablation for the treatment of long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation. Midterm recurrence rate

Resumen Los resultados a largo plazo del procedimiento de maze con criotermia en pacientes con fibrilación auricular durante procedimientos quirúrgicos concomitantes son todavía inciertos. Método Entre 2006 y 2011, 150 pacientes consecutivos con fibrilación auricular persistente y cardiopatía asociada fueron sometidos a cirugía de ablación mediante criotermia asociada a cirugía concomitante. El procedimiento de Cox-Maze biauricular fue realizado en 67 pacientes y ablación aislada de la aurícula izquierda en 83 pacientes. Los resultados a tres años en estos grupos fueron comparados mediante seguimiento clínico, electrocardiográfico y mediante Holter 24 horas y ecocardiografía con medición de la onda A transmitral al mes, a los 6 y 12 meses y después anualmente. Resultados Los pacientes sometidos a ablación Cox-Maze presentaron una libertad de fibrilación auricular del 97, 94, 89, 80 y 54% a 1, 6, 12, 24 y 36 meses respectivamente. En el seguimiento de los 12 meses estas diferencias resultaron significativas (p < 0.05). Como factor de riesgo de recurrencia de fibrilación auricular se identificó la ablación aislada de la aurícula izquierda. Conclusiones La ablación mediante criotermia tiene un elevado porcentaje de éxitos a dos años; la recurrencia se incrementa a partir de entonces independientemente de la técnica realizada. Para el tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular persistente asociada a otra patología quirúrgica cardiaca se debe realizar un tratamiento intensivo mediante ablación biauricular.

Abstract The long-term results of cryomaze in patients with longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation during concomitant surgical procedures are still uncertain. Methods Between 2006 and 2011, 150 consecutive patients with associated long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation and associated heart disease underwent heart surgery were treated by biatrial Cox-Maze (63 patients) or by isolated endocardial or epicardial left atrial cryoablation (83 patients) concomitantly. The results at 3 years in these groups were compared with clinical monitoring, electrocardiography, 24-hour Holter, and echocardiography with measurement of the transmitral A wave at 1, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter in all patients. Results Patients undergoing Cox-Maze IV ablation presented rates of freedom from atrial fibrillation of 97, 94, 89, 80 and 54% at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. In the 12-month follow-up, these differences were significant (p < .05). The independent risk factors of atrial fibrillation recurrence was isolated ablation of left atrium. Conclusions Atrial fibrillation by cryothermia ablation had a high success rate before 2 years postoperatively. Recurrence of atrial fibrillation increased thereafter regardless of the technique used, although it was more intense and developed earlier in cases of monoatrial ablation. For the treatment of other long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation cardiac surgery-associated pathology, an aggressive biatrial treatment with Cox maze ablation should be performed.

Up to twenty-five-year survival after aortic valve replacement with size 19 mm valves.

Long-term survival was investigated in 202 patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) with 19 mm valves. There were 171 women with a mean age of 69+/-9 years and 31 men with a mean age of 64+/-13 years. Patients had a mean body surface area of 1.61+/-0.13 m(2). Patient-prosthesis mismatch was moderate in 196 and severe in six patients. The mean follow-up for all patients was 78 months. There were 79 late deaths. The actuarial survival rates for all patients were 95+/-1% at 1 year, 75+/-2% at 5 years, 56+/-2% at 10 years, 41+/-2% at 15 years, 34+/-3% at 20 years and 34+/-2% at 25 years. Patients over 70 years old had a lower survival rate (P=0.0001). There were significant differences between ejection fraction (EF) >55% and EF <55% (P=0.0305). AVR with 19 mm valves appeared to provide satisfactory mid-term survival. Age and low EF were risk factors for shorter survival.

Preoperative statin treatment reduces systemic inflammatory response and myocardial damage in cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if preoperative statin treatment is associated with a reduction in systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and myocardial damage markers following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: We study a prospective cohort of 138 patients who underwent coronary and valvular surgery with CPB. We differentiate two study groups: patients with (group A, n=72) or without (group B, n=66) statins. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-2R), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-MB and troponin I were measured before and 1, 6, 24 and >72 h after surgery. RESULTS: The baseline, operative and postoperative morbidity and mortality characteristics were similar for both the groups. Group A had significantly lower postoperative levels of IL-6 than group B at 6h (68.8+/-5 pg ml(-1) vs 108.9+/-108 pg ml(-1), p=0.01), 24h (71.7+/-7 pg ml(-1) vs 110.4+/-106 pg ml(-1), p=0.01) and before hospital discharge (21.6+/-12 pg ml(-1) vs 32.8+/-27 pg ml(-1), p=0.005), as well as significantly lower average IL-6 levels in the first 24h following surgery (71.8+/-5 pgml(-1) vs 112.8+/-82 pg ml(-1), p=0.002). The postoperative CPK-MB at 24h (19.7+/-23 ng ml(-1) vs 33.1+/-32 ng ml(-1), p=0.02) and troponin I levels at the end of the intervention (2.2+/-2.2 ng ml(-1) vs 3.3+/-3.1 ng ml(-1), p=0.03) and at 24h (4.1+/-3.5 ng ml(-1) vs 6.6+/-8 ng ml(-1), p=0.04) were also significantly lower in the group treated with statins prior to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative treatment with statins is associated with a lower biochemical parameters of SIR and myocardial damage following cardiac surgery with CPB, regardless of it being coronary bypass grafting (CABG) or valvular surgery.