Compulsory notification of injuries in aesthetic procedures. Impact on patient safety.

The disparity between the number of aesthetic procedures performed worldwide, and the complications described in the literature is remarkable. Doubts regarding the underreporting are reasonable and should be considered. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the scarcity of scientific publications on complications in aesthetic procedures compared to the abundance of these procedures performed worldwide. Based on this knowledge, it will be demonstrated to the health authorities the importance of compulsory notification of complications in aesthetic procedures that require medical attention so that the available data will allow their prevention. The limitation of knowledge regarding complications was demonstrated in the data collection for the preparation of the thesis "Deaths Related to Liposuction in Brazil" presented in 2018 and published in Surgical and Cosmetical Dermatology in 2020. The definition of complication in aesthetic procedures needs to be objective to prevent different and subjective interpretations. With the compulsory notification of complications in aesthetic procedures, it is intended to learn about their causes to develop guidelines for their prevention.

Bile duct hamartomas--the von Meyenburg complex.

Hamartomas of the bile duct (von Meyenburg complex) are benign neoplasms of the liver, constituted histologically cystic dilatations of the bile duct, encompassed by fibrous stroma. We report a 42-year-old female patient with symptomatic cholecystitis, whose gross and ultrasonic appearance suggestive of multiple liver metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging and liver biopsy are the gold standards for diagnosis of this rare hepatobiliary condition.

Compulsory notification of injuries in aesthetic procedures. Impact on patient safety

Abstract The disparity between the number of aesthetic procedures performed worldwide, and the complications described in the literature is remarkable. Doubts regarding the underreporting are reasonable and should be considered. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the scarcity of scientific publications on complications in aesthetic procedures compared to the abundance of these procedures performed worldwide. Based on this knowledge, it will be demonstrated to the health authorities the importance of compulsory notification of complications in aesthetic procedures that require medical attention so that the available data will allow their prevention. The limitation of knowledge regarding complications was demonstrated in the data collection for the preparation of the thesis ‟Deaths Related to Liposuction in Brazil" presented in 2018 and published in Surgical and Cosmetical Dermatology in 2020. The definition of complication in aesthetic procedures needs to be objective to prevent different and subjective interpretations. With the compulsory notification of complications in aesthetic procedures, it is intended to learn about their causes to develop guidelines for their prevention.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy: a 5-year Brazilian experience.

To determine the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnostic assessment of lymphadenopathies, a retrospective study was conducted on 627 cases of FNA of the lymph nodes performed at Department of Pathology, UNIFESP (Federal University of São Paulo), between 1997 and 2001. Cytology results were compared to the results of biopsies if available. The cytological diagnosis was unsatisfactory in 14.7% of cases, positive in 46%, and negative in 39.3%. Among the positive cases, 79.4% were classified as metastases, 14.2% as lymphoma, and 6.4% as indeterminate. Anatomopathological exams for the determination of cytohistological correlation were available in 218 of the 627 cases. There were three (1.88%) false-negative and two (1.25%) false-positive cases. Accuracy tests revealed 97.41% sensitivity, 95.45% specificity, and 96.88% efficacy, with cytohistological agreement being almost perfect (kappa = 0.92). The high accuracy of this study based only on cytomorphological criteria associated to the variety of malignant neoplasias diagnosed by the procedure demonstrates its relevance on patient care, especially in areas of limited financial resources.

[Endometrial evaluation in menopausal women after six months of isoflavones]. / Avaliação do endométrio em menopausadas após uso de isoflavonas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the endometrium of menopausal women before and after six months use of total isoflavone. METHODS: A non-controlled clinical, type "before and after" trial was carried out with 32 post-menopause women, between 40 and 60 years of age. They received 80 mg/day of total isoflavones obtained from Trifolium pratense (Climadilâ) during six months. They were evaluated at the beginning and end of treatment by transvaginal pelvic ecography, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. DATA ANALYSIS: Data collected were registered by means of the Epi info, version 6.04 b software, data analysis was made using the SAS version 8.2 statistics program, considering a significance level (alpha) of 0.05 and a 0.80 power (1-beta). In order to study the average variation of endometrial thickness and variation of the hysteroscopic and hystologic findings the t Student test for paired data was used. RESULTS: Among the 32 participant women, six presented vaginal bleeding and three presented endometrial alteration when compared to the initial exams. Two of the women developed endometrial cell proliferation and one of them endometrial hyperplasia. There were no significant alterations in relation to endometrial thickness. CONCLUSION: In this study, three women who used isoflavones during the six month period presented endometrial activity.

[Performance of cervical cytology with review by different observers and hybrid capture II in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3]. / Desempenho do exame colpocitológico com revisão por diferentes observadores e da captura híbrida II no diagnóstico da neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical graus 2 e 3.

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the performance of initial cervical cytology and that collected at the reference service with a review conducted by different observers and techniques, as well as hybrid capture II, in the diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 105 women attended from August 2000 to June 2001 for preneoplastic atypia upon cervical cytology were included. A new cervical cytology and hybrid capture II for DNA-HPV were conducted in all the patients. Cervical biopsies were taken in 91 women. Performance of the investigative procedures was described by estimating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio (PLR), with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI), considering histological diagnosis the gold standard. RESULTS: initial cervical cytology showed sensitivity and specificity of 57% and 82% for diagnosis of CIN grades 2 and 3, with a PLR of 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5-6.8). Referral cervical cytology showed a sensitivity and specificity for CIN 2 and 3 of 79% and 84%, respectively, with a PLR of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.5-10.0). Sensitivity (86%), specificity (80%), and PLR (4.3) were similar when a second observer (using a routine technique) reviewed the slide. Using rapid revision by a third observer, the sensitivity was significantly lower (64%). Hybrid capture II showed a high sensitivity (100%), low specificity (43%), and low PLR (1.7, 95% CI: 1.4-2.2).

Human papillomavirus viral load in predicting high-grade CIN in women with cervical smears showing only atypical squamous cells or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

CONTEXT: Human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load may have an important role in predicting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with cervical smears showing atypical squamous cells or LSIL. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the assessment of the viral load of high-risk HPV DNA is useful in predicting the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 and 3) in women referred because of cervical smears showing only atypical squamous cells or LSIL. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Colposcopy Clinic in a University hospital. METHODS: A series of 119 women referred because of atypical squamous cells or LSIL between August 2000 and April 2001 were included. All women were subjected to a new cervical smear, HPV testing for the high-risk types using hybrid capture II (HCII), viral load measurement in relative light units (RLU) and colposcopy, with cervical biopsies (n = 97). Cervical lesions were graded using the CIN classification. RESULTS: Cervical biopsies revealed CIN2 or CIN3 in 11% of the cases, equally among women referred because of atypical squamous cells or LSIL. The HCII test was positive in 16% of women with atypical squamous cells and 52% of those with LSIL (OR = 5.8; 95% CI 1.4 to 26.7). There was strong correlation between CIN2 or CIN3 and positivity for HPV DNA when this group was compared with women with only CIN1 or normal cervix (OR = 7.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 53.4). In ROC analysis for HCII in diagnosing CIN2 and CIN3, the area under the ROC curve was 0.784, and the viral load cutoff point of 10.0 RLU/cutcuff presented 77% sensitivity and 73% specificity. Second cytology showing at least atypical squamous cells did not accurately detect CIN2 or CIN3 (OR = 6.4; 95% CI 1.0 to 50.9). The sensitivities of the second cervical smear and HCII were similar, although the specificity of HCII was significantly higher than the second cervical smear. CONCLUSIONS: The viral load of high-risk HPV types was significantly associated with the diagnosis of CIN2 or CIN3 in women referred because of atypical squamous cells and LSIL abnormalities in their cervical smear.

Performance of Pap smear and human papilloma virus testing in the follow-up of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 managed conservatively.

BACKGROUND: Conservative management (follow-up) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) is acceptable, but evidence on performance of follow-up tools, such as Pap smear and human papilloma virus (HPV) test, is still needed. METHODS: A cohort of 78 women with histologically confirmed CIN1, referred because of atypical squamous cell or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in their Pap smear, was enrolled between August 2000 and September 2002 and was prospectively followed-up at 6 and 12 months, until September 2003. Follow-up examinations included Pap test and Hybrid Capture II (HCII) with high-risk HPV, colposcopy, and cervical biopsies in patients with persistent abnormalities. Odds ratios and performance indicators (with 95% confidence interval) were calculated for HPV and Pap test results in detecting biopsy-confirmed CIN during the follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (47%) of the women were HPV-positive at baseline. At first follow-up visit, 30 women had persistent CIN1 and one woman progressed to CIN2; 15 patients had CIN1 and one patient CIN2 at the second follow-up visit. Women with persistent CIN1 (or progression) during follow-up had a significantly higher HPV detection rate and abnormal Pap tests, compared to women with regressive disease. Cytology had a far better sensitivity in detecting CIN than HCII at the first follow-up visit (81 versus 52%, respectively), whereas both examinations had equivalent sensitivities at the second follow-up visit (69 and 56%, respectively). Cytology had a superior negative predictive value at the first follow-up visit and better positive predictive value, in addition, at the second visit. CONCLUSIONS: Because cytological abnormalities correlated generally better with the persistence of biopsy-confirmed CIN1 in this follow-up protocol, HCII test is the second-hand option to Pap test, but the use of both Pap and HCII together seems an unnecessary waste of resources.

Influência da idade e da doença colorretal na imunocompetência cutânea peri-colostômica / Influence of the age and disease colorectal in immunity cutaneous pericolostomic

Objetivo: Caracterizar a resposta imunológica presente na camada dérmica da região peri-colostômica. Método: Foram incluídos quarenta e um doentes, portadores de colostomias realizadas há mais de oito semanas. Na determinação imuno-histoquímica foram avaliados os linfócitos Pan T, linfócito T - auxiliar, linfócito T - citotóxico, linfócito B, linfócito T - Natural Killer e os macrófagos. Resultados: Na análise da resposta imune-celular, independente da doença colorretal, foi observada uma relação com significância estatística quando se comparou os valores dos linfócitos Pan T, linfócito T - auxiliar, linfócito T - citotóxico e dos macrófagos, com as do linfócito B, linfócito T - Natural Killer. Na análise da resposta imune-celular de acordo com a idade, observou-se uma significância estatística da relação do linfócito Pan T, linfócito T - auxiliar e do macrófago, com as do linfócito B, linfócito T - Natural Killer, em ambas as faixas etárias, além do linfócito T - citotóxico com as do linfócito B, linfócito T - Natural Killer na faixa etária adulta. Conclusão: A presença da colostomia determina o desenvolvimento de uma resposta imune-celular na camada dérmica da região peri-colostômica, sendo composta em maior número pelo linfócito Pan T, linfócito T - auxiliar, linfócito T - citotóxico e macrófagos.

Objective: describe the immunological response in the dermal layer of the peri-colostomic region. Method: Forty-one patients with colostomies realized over eight weeks previously, were included. For the analysis of the immunocellular response in the peri-colostomic dermal region, the values of Pan T lymphocytes, T lymphocytes - helper, T lymphocytes - cytotoxic, lymphocytes B, T lymphocytes - Natural Killer and macrophages. Results: Analysis of the immuno-cellular response showed that both in the benign colorectal disease as well as in the malignant one number of Pan T lymphocytes, T lymphocytes - helper, T lymphocytes - cytotoxic and macrophages were statistically significant relationship major than B Lymphocytes and T lymphocytes - Natural Killer. Analysis of the immuno-cellular response based on age, demonstrated that both the adult age bracket as well as the geriatric one, displayed a major number of Pan T lymphocytes, T lymphocytes - helper and macrophages, with their numerical value significantly than the B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes - Natural Killer, beyond the T lymphocytes - cytotoxic with the B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes - Natural Killer in the adult age. Conclusion: The presence of a colostomy promotes the development of an immuno-cellular response in the dermal layer of the peri-colostomy region that is composed of a major number of Pan T lymphocytes, T lymphocytes - helper, T lymphocytes - cytotoxic and macrophages.

Avaliação do endométrio em menopausadas após uso de isoflavonas / Endometrial evaluation in menopausal women after six months of isoflavones

OBJETIVO: Este estudo descritivo e prospectivo teve como objetivo avaliar o endométrio de mulheres menopausadas antes e após seis meses de uso de isoflavonas totais. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico não controlado, do tipo antes e depois, em 32 mulheres na pós-menopausa, com idade entre 40 e 60 anos, que receberam 80 mg por dia de isoflavonas totais (Trifolium pratense-Climadil®) durante seis meses. Foram avaliadas no início e no final do tratamento por meio de ultra-sonografia pélvica transvaginal, histeroscopia e biópsia endometrial. Os dados coletados foram registrados no programa Epi Info, versão 6,04b e a análise dos dados foi realizada pelo programa estatístico SAS versão 8,2, considerando um nível de significância (alfa) de 0,05 e um poder (1-beta) de 0,80. As variações médias da espessura endometrial, dos achados histeroscópicos e histológicos, entre os instantes iniciais e após seis meses, foram avaliadas pelo teste t de Student para dados pareados. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 32 mulheres que participaram do estudo, seis apresentaram sangramento vaginal e três, alterações endometriais. Duas mulheres desenvolveram proliferação endometrial e uma, hiperplasia endometrial. Não houve alterações significativas em relação ao espessamento endometrial ao ultra-som. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, três mulheres que utilizaram isoflavonas durante seis meses apresentaram modificações endometriais que sugeriram estímulo endometrial.

OBJETIVE: To evaluate the endometrium of menopausal women before and after six months use of total isoflavone. METHODS: A non-controlled clinical, type "before and after" trial was carried out with 32 post-menopause women, between 40 and 60 years of age. They received 80mg/day of total isoflavones obtained from Trifolium pratense (Climadilâ) during six months. They were evaluated at the beginning and end of treatment by transvaginal pelvic ecography, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. DATA ANALYSIS: Data collected were registered by means of the Epi info, version 6.04b software, data analysis was made using the SAS version 8.2 statistics program, considering a significance level (alpha) of 0.05 and a 0.80 power (1-beta). In order to study the average variation of endometrial thickness and variation of the hysteroscopic and hystologic findings the t Student test for paired data was used. RESULTS: Among the 32 participant women, six presented vaginal bleeding and three presented endometrial alteration when compared to the initial exams. Two of the women developed endometrial cell proliferation and one of them endometrial hiperplasia. There were no significant alterations in relation to endometrial thickness. CONCLUSION: In this study, three women who used isoflavones during the six month period presented endometrial activity.

Desempenho do exame colpocitológico com revisão por diferentes observadores e da captura híbrida II no diagnóstico da neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical graus 2 e 3 / Performance of cervical cytology with review by different observers and hybrid capture II in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3

Para avaliar o desempenho da colpocitologia (CO) de encaminhamento e daquela coletada no serviço de referência, com revisäo por diferentes técnicas e observadores, e da captura híbrida II (CH II) no diagnóstico da neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical (NIC) de alto grau, foram incluídas 105 mulheres atendidas entre agosto de 2000 e junho de 2001 por atipias pré-neoplásicas na CO. Todas foram submetidas à coleta de nova CO e CH II para detecçäo do DNA-HPV. Foi realizada biópsia cervical em 91, sendo o diagnóstico histológico considerado padräo ouro. Foram descritas a sensibilidade, especificidade e razäo de verossimilhança positiva (RVP) dos métodos propedêuticos com intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento (IC95 por cento). A sensibilidade e especificidade da CO de encaminhamento foi de 57 por cento e 82 por cento para o diagnóstico de NIC 2 e 3, e a RVP de 3,2 (IC95 por cento: 1,5-6,8). A CO do serviço mostrou uma sensibilidade e especificidade 79 por cento e 84 por cento, respectivamente e RVP de 5,0 (IC95 por cento: 2,5-10,0). A sensibilidade (86 por cento), especificidade (80 por cento) e RVP (4,3) foram semelhantes com a revisäo lenta realizada pelo segundo observador, havendo uma queda significativa da sensibilidade (64 por cento) à revisäo rápida pelo terceiro observador. A CH II mostrou alta sensibilidade (100 por cento), baixa especificidade (43 por cento) e baixa RVP (1,7, IC95 por cento: 1,4-2,2)

Neoplasias de glândulas salivares: estudo de 119 casos / Salivary gland neoplasms: a study of 119 cases

Objetivo: Revisão dos achados clinicopatológicos dos tumores de glândulas salivares diagnosticados no período de 1980 a 1997 no Departamento de Patologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/Unifesp). Método: foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 205.967 diagnóstico anatomopatológicos e encontrados 119 casos de neoplasias de glândulas salivares, sendo 93 (78 por cento) neoplasias benignas e 26 (22 por cento) malignas. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 74 anos (média de 40 anos), sendo 71 (60 por cento) pacientes do sexo feminino e 48 (40 por cento) do sexo masculino. Com relação à topografia, 84 (70,6 por cento) casos foram de parótida, 23 (19,3 por cento) de glândula submandibular, 11 (9,24 por cento) de glândulas salivares menores e um (0,86 por cento) de glândula sublingual. Quanto ao tipo histológico, os tumores corresponderam a 59,7 por cento de adenomas pleomórficos, 10 por cento de cistoadenomas papilíferos linfomatosos (tumor de Warthin), 9,3 por cento de carcinomas adenóides císticos e 8,4 por cento de carcinomas mucoepidermóides. Conclusão: O padrão de distribuição dos tumores de glândulas salivares foi semelhante ao encontrado em outras séries. A análise desta distribuição permite identificar variáveis como localização e padrão histológico, subsídios importantes que devem ser considerados no tratamento e em estudos de marcadores prognósticos.

Human papillomavirus viral load in predicting high-grade CIN in women with cervical smears showing only atypical squamous cells or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

A determinação da carga viral do papilomavírus humano (HPV) pode ter importante papel na detecção de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical (NIC) de alto grau em mulheres com colpocitologia apresentando células escamosas atípicas ou sugestivas de lesão escamosa de baixo grau.OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a determinação da carga viral do DNA HPV é útil para predizer a detecção da neoplasia intra-epitelial de alto grau (NIC2 e 3) em mulheres referidas por colpocitologias mostrando apenas células escamosas atípicas ou lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau.TIPO DE ESTUDO: Transversal LOCAL: Serviço de colposcopia de hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 119 mulheres encaminhadas por células escamosas atípicas e lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau entre agosto de 2000 e abril de 2001. De todas as mulheres foi coletada nova colpocitologia, espécime para teste de HPV usando captura de híbridos II (CHII), carga viral medida em unidades relativas de luz (URL). Foi realizada colposcopia com biópsia cervical em 97 mulheres. As lesões cervicais foram classificadas usando a classificação NIC. Para diagnóstico final, a colposcopia normal ou a presença de cervicite confirmada por biópsia foram classificadas como colo normal. Para análise estatística foram calculados o odds ratio (OR), com intervalo de confiança em 95 por cento, e foi traçada uma curva "receiver operator characteristic" (ROC). RESULTADOS: As biópsias cervicais mostraram NIC2 ou 3 em 11 por cento dos casos, igualmente distribuídas entre as mulheres encaminhadas por causa da presença de células escamosas atípicas ou lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau. A CHII foi positiva em 16 por cento das mulheres com células escamosas atípicas e em 52 por cento daquelas com lesão intra-epitelial de baixo grau (OR = 5,8; IC 95 por cento 1,4 a 26,7). Entre as mulheres com CHII positiva, 7 por cento tinham cérvice normal, 73 por cento NIC 1 (OR = 6,3; IC 95 por cento 1,8 a 23,8) e 20 por cento tinham NIC2 ou 3 (OR = 33,0; IC 95 por cento 4,2 a 347,8). Na análise da curva ROC para CH II, diagnosticando NIC2 e 3, a área sob a curva foi de 0,784 e o ponto de corte da carga viral de 10.0 URL mostrou sensibilidade de 77 por cento e especificidade de 70 por cento. A segunda colpocitologia mostrando ao menos células escamosas atípicas não apresentou boa performance na detecção NIC 2 ou 3 (OR = 6,4 por cento; IC 95 por cento 1,0 a 50,9). CONCLUSÕES: A carga viral do DNA-HPV de alto risco oncológico foi significativamente...