Antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas spp. isolated from asymptomatic Colossoma macropomum cultured in the Amazonas State, Brazil.

Bacterial diseases are important factors that limit productivity in aquaculture. To reduce negative economic impacts, fish farmers use antimicrobials, often indiscriminately, and this action has led to bacterial resistance to drugs. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the main putative pathogenic bacterial species in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), establish the profile of resistance to antimicrobials by the methods of disc diffusion, and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Two hundred and ninety asymptomatic fish were collected between March and November 2015 from ten fish farms in the Amazonas state (Brazil). Of the total strains recovered from tambaqui, seven were identified as Aeromonas spp. by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. These seven isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, 28% to erythromycin, and 28% to sulfonamide. Additionally, the seven isolates showed a MIC higher than the range evaluated for amoxicillin, penicillin, novobiocin, tylosin tartrate, and clindamycin, and 85% showed resistance to erythromycin. The results of this study indicate the need to increase the awareness of fish farmers and, most importantly, the government, about the lack of drug regulations for use in aquaculture, and good management practices, so the indiscriminate prophylactic and systemic use of antimicrobials be inhibited.

Temporal overexpression of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle of adult mice does not improve insulin sensitivity or markers of mitochondrial biogenesis.

AIMS: Activation of the NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to treat mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, lifelong overexpression of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle does not improve parameters of mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. In this study, we investigated whether temporal overexpression of SIRT1 in muscle of adult mice would affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. METHODS: To circumvent potential effects of germline SIRT1 overexpression, we utilized an inducible model of SIRT1 overexpression in skeletal muscle of adult mice (i-mOX). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by 2-deoxyglucose uptake, muscle maximal respiratory function by high-resolution respirometry and systemic energy expenditure was assessed by whole body calorimetry. RESULTS: Although SIRT1 was highly, and specifically, overexpressed in skeletal muscle of i-mOX compared to WT mice, glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity were comparable between genotypes. Additionally, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle maximal respiratory function and whole-body oxygen consumption were also unaffected by SIRT1 overexpression. CONCLUSION: These results support previous work demonstrating that induction of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle, either at birth or in adulthood, does not impact muscle insulin action or mitochondrial function.

Hipnose com etomidato em infusäo contínua durante analgesia peridural / Hypnosis with etomidate with continuous infusion during epidural analgesia

Foi utilizado o etomidato em infusäo venosa contínua para obtençäo de hipnose durante bloqueio peridural lombar, em 20 pacientes submetidas a cirurgias ginecológicas, com média de idade 39,8 + ou - 9,8 anos e média de peso 65,8 + ou - 15,7 kg. Utilizou-se para o bloqueio soluçäo de bupivacaína a 0,5% com adrenalina, doses variáveis entre 100 e 150 mg do anestésico local. Estabelecido o bloqueio, administrou-se por via venosa etomidato 0,15 mg.kg-1 precedido por fentamil 100 microng. Instalou-se em seguida infusäo venosa contínua de soluçäo a 0,01% de etomidato em salina fisiológica, com velocidade adequada para manter a hipnose. Foram monitorizados PAS, PAD, FC f, VT. A média da velocidade de infusäo foi 8,4 + ou - 2,1 microng.kg-1.min-1 e o tempo decorrido entre a interrupçäo da infusäo e o retorno da consciência foi 30 + ou - 7,5s. Em 35% dos casos houve queda da pressäo arterial de magnitude igual ou superior a 40% do valor inicial, facilmente controlada com infusäo de líquidos e pequenas doses de vasopressor. Nenhuma paciente desenvolveu apnéia; houve queda significativa de VT sem alteraçäo de f em algumas fases da observaçäo, sem repercussäo clínica. Näo houve indícios de efeitos cumulativos. Conclui-se que o método merece ser considerado, especialmente naqueles casos em que se deseja despertar rápido ao término da cirurgia