Effect of Various Factors on Orange II Decoloration Reaction by Horseradish Peroxidase in the Presence of Detergent Enzymes.

The effects of four detergent enzymes on the Orange II decoloration reaction by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were investigated. Stainzyme, Lipex, Celluclean, and Savinase did not affect the decoloration reaction up to a concentration of 0.1% Under weak alkaline to alkaline conditions, the presence of four enzymes did not affect the decoloration reaction, but affected the decoloration reaction under neutral to acidic conditions. The effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations on Orange II decoloration reactions in the presence of four enzymes was also investigated. Ca2+ and Mg2+ did not affect the decoloration reaction up to 500 ppm.

Antibacterial activities of beta-lactamase inhibitors associated with morphological changes of cell wall in Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND: Recent study has demonstrated that beta-lactamase inhibitors including clavulanate, sulbactam and tazobactam have an vitro antibacterial effect on Helicobacter pylori. Here we describe the relationship between viability and cell profiles of H. pylori exposed to beta-lactamase inhibitors and some antibiotics in a short-time course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antibacterial effects of beta-lactamase inhibitors including clavulanate, sulbactam and tazobactam on the bacterial viability of and morphological changes in H. pylori ATCC43504 were examined. RESULTS: The beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanate and sulbactam alone decreased the viable counts of H. pylori, depending on the antibiotic concentrations. Exposure to these beta-lactamase inhibitors resulted in morphological changes of cell shape, cell-wall disintegration and cell lysis. Among these beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanate was the most active, causing a decrease in viable counts and morphological changes such as short filamentous to sphaeroplast formation and lysis. One x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin plus 1 x MIC of clavulanate decreased viable counts effectively compared with 1 x MIC of amoxicillin or 1 x MIC of clavulanate alone, and induced morphological changes of cell shape and cell wall. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the beta-lactamase inhibitors alone have concentration-dependent antibacterial activities against H. pylori and affect the morphology of the cell shape and the cell wall in vitro.