Association between dietary diversity score and anthropometric indices among children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey in the CASPIAN-IV study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the dietary diversity score (DDS) and anthropometric indices in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: The nationwide cross-sectional study included 5178 students aged 6-18 years. A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. The DDS was assessed by dividing food items into five groups. RESULTS: An increase of 1 in the total DDS score was associated with 0.08 increase in the body mass index z-score (BMIz), 0.06 increase in waist circumference z-score (WCz), and 0.07 increase in hip circumference z-score (HCz) (P < 0.05) in girls. An increase of 1 in the DDS score of the dairy group was associated with an 0.11 increases in BMIz (P < 0.05). An increase of 1 in the DDS score of the fruit-vegetable group was associated with 0.09 and 0.08 increase in BMIz and HCz among girls respectively (P < 0.05). The odds of excess weight (overweight or obesity) and abdominal obesity increased with each unit increase in total DDS in girls (odds ratio, OR excess weight  = 1.11 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.003-1.23), OR abdominal obesity  = 1.11 (95% CI: 1.001-1.23)). The odds of excess weight increased with each unit increase in dairy DDS (OR excess weight  = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.002-1.43) among boys. CONCLUSION: Higher DDS was associated with higher anthropometric indices and greater risk of obesity among children and adolescents. Our findings emphasize the importance of increasing the diversity of healthy food items to reduce weight disorders in the pediatric age group. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The effect of educational and encouraging interventions on anthropometric characteristics and perilipin-1 levels: TABASSOM Study.

BACKGROUND: Perilipin protein located in lipid droplets is involved in formation and storage of lipid in adipocytes; thus, it is considered as one of the obesity biomarkers. This study was performed to examine the effect of educational and encouragement interventions and lifestyle modifications on anthropometric characteristics and perilipin-1 level. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on subsample of TABASSOM Study. Participants were 42 overweight and obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old and 80 overweight and obese adults aged 19-65 years old. Anthropometric characteristics including weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP), and perilipin-1 level were measured at the first and the end of study (after one year). RESULTS: After intervention, the mean of perilipin-1 decreased significantly in total children and adolescents (before vs. after: 26.79 ± 13.17 vs. 22.57 ± 8.03; P = 0.006) and girls (27.75 ± 10.51 vs. 22.00 ± 8.15; P = 0.001), but decreasing was not significant in boys. In adults, perilipin-1 levels were significantly reduced in total subjects (before vs. after: 16.19 ± 13.42 vs. 15.34 ± 11.25; P = 0.029) and men (18.02 ± 15.78 vs. 15.44 ± 10.61; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean of body mass index (BMI), WC, and BFP in both groups after 12 months. CONCLUSION: Educational and encouraging interventions and lifestyle modifications could lead to decreasing perilipin-1 level in adults, children, and adolescents.

Trans-snuff box approach as a new access site for coronary angiography and angioplasty versus trans-radial approach in terms of feasibility, safety, and complications.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility and safety of coronary angiography (CAG) and angioplasty via trans-snuffbox approach (TSA) is still concerned; therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess possible complications occurring after TSA versus trans-radial approach (TRA). METHODS: This prospective observational study was undertaken from June 2017 till March 2018. Individuals aged at least 18 years who were admitted for CAG through upper extremity were eligible and categorized to TSA (n = 70) and TRA (n = 56) groups. Occurrence of complications including hematoma, pain or paresthesia, pseudoaneurysm formation, arterial obstruction, limb ischemia, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and emergency vessel revascularization was assessed after the procedure and in two separate visits three and six months afterwards. RESULTS: The mean age of participants in TSA and TRA groups was 55.1 ± 9.7 and 56.5 ± 9.6 years, respectively (P = 0.415). Men were the dominant group in both approaches [TSA: 44 (62.8%), TRA: 36 (64.3%), P = 0.868]. Success rates in TSA and TRA were 88.6% and 94.6%, respectively (P = 0.230). Radial artery occlusion (RAO) was reported in two (3.2%) and one (1.8%) case in TRA and TSA, respectively (P = 0.653). MACE incidence was not significantly different in TSA compared with TRA group (1.8% vs. 4.8%, respectively, P = 0.389). There was no major procedural complication, neither in TSA nor in TRA category. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that TSA could be classified as an alternative modality to other common CAG and angioplasty methods due to its high safety rate and lower complications. Several comprehensive population-based studies are necessary for confirming these findings.