Synthetic and computational investigation of neighboring group participation by a nucleophilic disulfide bond.

Disulfide bonds of 2-isocyanatophenyl methyl disulfide and 2-endo-isocyanato-6-endo-(methyldisulfanyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane showed neighboring group participation in the formation of thiocarbamates. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses revealed that the unusual nucleophilicity requires a rigid through-space interaction between a lone pair of the disulfide bond and an antibonding orbital of isocyanate.

Clinical documentation of patient identities in the electronic health record: Ethical principles to consider.

The American Psychological Association's multicultural guidelines encourage psychologists to use language sensitive to the lived experiences of the individuals they serve. In organized care settings, psychologists have important decisions to make about the language they use in the electronic health record (EHR), which may be accessible to both the patient and other health care providers. Language about patient identities (including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation) is especially important, but little guidance exists for psychologists on how and when to document these identities in the EHR. Moreover, organizational mandates, patient preferences, fluid identities, and shifting language may suggest different documentation approaches, posing ethical dilemmas for psychologists to navigate. In this article, we review the purposes of documentation in organized care settings, review how each of the five American Psychological Association Code of Ethics' General Principles relates to identity language in EHR documentation, and propose a set of questions for psychologists to ask themselves and their patients when making choices about documenting identity variables in the EHR. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

New reconstruction technique for 3 dimensional structure in shallow layer of turbid medium using optical transillumination images - Attempt for reconstruction with limited view angle.

In transillumination imaging of an animal body with near-infrared light, the shallower structure appears clearer. Therefore, we can reconstruct the three dimensional (3D) image of the shallow structure using the transillumination images as the projection images. In the 3D reconstruction, it may be better to use the projection images of limited observation-angle range rather than those from 360° range. We investigated this possibility and devised a new technique to reconstruct the 3D image of the light absorbing structure in shallow region of a turbid medium. This technique is applicable to the turbid object without any a priori knowledge on the angular position of the absorbing structure. The feasibility of the proposed technique was verified in experiments.