RESUMO
Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis remains under-recognised as it is often not pursued as a primary diagnosis. The aetiology of IVC thrombosis can be divided into congenital versus acquired, with all aetiological factors found among Virchow's triad of stasis, injury and hypercoagulability. Signs and symptoms are related to aetiology and range from no symptoms to cardiovascular collapse. Painful lower limb swelling combined with lower back pain, pyrexia, dilatation of cutaneous abdominal wall veins and a concurrent rise in inflammatory markers are suggestive of IVC thrombosis. Following initial lower limb venous duplex, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal non-invasive imaging tool. Aetiology directs treatment, which ranges from anticoagulation and lower limb compression to open surgery, with endovascular therapies increasingly favoured. The objective of this review is to assess current literature on the aetiology, presentation, investigation, treatment, prognosis and other factors pertaining to IVC thrombosis.
Assuntos
Trombose , Veia Cava Inferior , Humanos , Trombose/diagnóstico , Trombose/etiologia , Trombose/terapiaRESUMO
This review concentrates on the investigation of the patient with venous ulceration with a view to presenting current best practice. The aim is to maximize benefit for patients and their medical team by directing appropriate investigation leading to optimized results in the treatment of this highly prevalent, quality of life reducing and socioeconomically costly condition.