Prediction of major vascular injury in patients with gunshot wounds to the neck.

PURPOSE: To determine whether plain film and CT findings help predict the presence and severity of vascular trauma. METHODS: The records of 65 patients with gunshot wounds of the neck were reviewed. There were 58 men and 7 women ranging in age from 2 to 72 years. All had angiography of the cervical vessels; in addition, 64 had plain radiography, 22 had CT, and 14 had a barium swallow. The results of plain films, barium swallow, and CT scans were correlated. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (28%) had major vascular injury, which included 10 pseudoaneurysms, six vascular occlusions, four intimal injuries, and one arteriovenous fistula. Ten patients had prevertebral soft-tissue swelling (sensitivity, 59%; specificity, 77%), 14 had a bullet fragment close to a vessel (sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 36%), and 13 had missile fragmentation (sensitivity, 72%; specificity, 45%). CONCLUSION: Prevertebral soft-tissue swelling, missile fragmentation, and missiles adjacent to major vessels are useful but nonspecific radiographic signs and are present in many patients with normal angiographic findings. A knowledge of the physical findings, including the entry and exit wounds, plus the results of plain radiography and CT can help define bullet trajectories and guide angiographic evaluation.

Acute cervical spine injuries: prospective MR imaging assessment at a level 1 trauma center.

PURPOSE: To determine the weighted average sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the prospective detection of acute neck injury and to compare these findings with those of a comprehensive conventional radiographic assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional radiography and MR imaging were performed in 199 patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center with suspected cervical spine injury. Weighted sensitivities and specificities were calculated, and a weighted average across eight vertebral levels from C1 to T1 was formed. Fourteen parameters indicative of acute injury were tabulated. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients had 172 acute cervical injuries. MR imaging depicted 136 (79%) acute abnormalities and conventional radiography depicted 39 (23%). For assessment of acute fractures, MR images (weighted average sensitivity, 43%; CI: 21%, 66%) were comparable to conventional radiographs (weighted average sensitivity, 48%; CI: 30%, 65%). MR imaging was superior to conventional radiography in the evaluation of pre- or paravertebral hemorrhage or edema, anterior or posterior longitudinal ligament injury, traumatic disk herniation, cord edema, and cord compression. Cord injuries were associated with cervical spine spondylosis (P < .05), acute fracture (P < .001), and canal stenosis (P < .001). CONCLUSION: MR imaging is more accurate than radiography in the detection of a wide spectrum of neck injuries, and further study is warranted of its potential effect on medical decision making, clinical outcome, and cost-effectiveness.