RESUMO
The Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) L-band microwave radiometer is a conical scanning instrument designed to measure soil moisture with 4% volumetric accuracy at 40-km spatial resolution. SMAP is NASA's first Earth Systematic Mission developed in response to its first Earth science decadal survey. Here, the design is reviewed and the results of its first year on orbit are presented. Unique features of the radiometer include a large 6-m rotating reflector, fully polarimetric radiometer receiver with internal calibration, and radio-frequency interference detection and filtering hardware. The radiometer electronics are thermally controlled to achieve good radiometric stability. Analyses of on-orbit results indicate that the electrical and thermal characteristics of the electronics and internal calibration sources are very stable and promote excellent gain stability. Radiometer NEDT < 1 K for 17-ms samples. The gain spectrum exhibits low noise at frequencies >1 MHz and 1/f noise rising at longer time scales fully captured by the internal calibration scheme. Results from sky observations and global swath imagery of all four Stokes antenna temperatures indicate that the instrument is operating as expected.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo é descrever sobre a questão de gênero nas aulas de badminton na Educação Física escolar. O estudo trata-se de um relato de experiência de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza descritiva. Participaram do estudo duas turmas de 7º anos de uma escola pública. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram dois questionários e observação participante. Construímos uma sequência didática, contendo dez aulas com momentos dialógicos e vivenciais. Os dados revelam que a questão de gênero foi refletida e compreendida pelos e pelas estudantes nas aulas de badminton. Consideramos que os objetivos propostos na sequência didática foram alcançados, tendo em vista que as relações de gênero foram potencializadas por meio das vivências e das reflexões.
The objective of this study is to describe the gender issue in badminton classes in school Physical Education. The study is an experience report with a qualitative approach and descriptive nature. Two 7th grade classes from a public school participated in the study. The data collection instruments were two questionnaires and participant observation. We built a didactic sequence, containing ten classes with dialogical and experiential moments. The data reveal that the gender issue was reflected and understood by students in badminton classes. We consider that the objectives proposed in the didactic sequence were achieved, considering that gender relations were enhanced through experiences and reflections.
El objetivo de este estudio es describir la problemática de género en las clases de bádminton en la Educación Física escolar. El estudio es un relato de experiencia con enfoque cualitativo y carácter descriptivo. En el estudio participaron dos clases de séptimo grado de una escuela pública. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron dos cuestionarios y la observación participante. Construimos una secuencia didáctica que contiene diez clases con momentos dialógicos y vivenciales. Los datos revelan que la cuestión de género fue reflejada y comprendida por los estudiantes en las clases de bádminton. Consideramos que se lograron los objetivos propuestos en la secuencia didáctica, considerando que las relaciones de género se potenciaron a través de experiencias y reflexiones.