Genome-wide Association Study of Exercise-induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and the Construction of Predictive Model.

To investigate inter-individual differences in muscle thickness of Rectus Femoris (MTRF) following 12 weeks of Resistance Training (RT) or High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to explore the genetic architecture underlying skeletal muscle hypertrophy and to construct predictive models. We conducted musculoskeletal ultrasound assessments of the MTRF response in 440 physically inactive adults after the 12-week exercise period. A Genome-wide Association study (GWAS) was employed to identify variants associated with MTRF response, separately for RT and HIIT. Utilizing polygenic predictor score (PPS), we estimated the genetic contribution to exercise-induced hypertrophy. Predictive models for MTRF response were constructed using Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Mac (SVM), and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) in 10 cross-validated approach. MTRF increased significantly after both RT (8.8%, P<0.05) and HIIT (5.3%, P<0.05), but with considerable inter-individual differences (RT: -13.5~38.4%, HIIT: -14.2%~30.7%). Eleven lead SNPs in RT and eight lead SNPs in HIIT were identified at a significance level of P<1×10-5. The PPS was associated with MTRF response, explaining 47.2% of the variation in response to RT and 38.3% of the variation in response to HIIT. Notably, the GLM and SVM predictive models exhibited superior performance in comparison to RF models (p<0.05), and the GLM demonstrated optimal performance with an AUC of 0.809 (95%CI:0.669-0.949). Factors such as PPS, baseline MTRF, and exercise protocol exerted influence on the MTRF response to exercise, with PPS being the primary contributor. The GLM and SVM predictive model, incorporating both genetic and phenotypic factors, emerged as promising tools for predicting exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Predictive value of cyst/tumor volume ratio of pituitary adenoma for tumor cell proliferation.

BACKGROUND: MRI has been widely used to predict the preoperative proliferative potential of pituitary adenoma (PA). However, the relationship between the cyst/tumor volume ratio (C/T ratio) and the proliferative potential of PA has not been reported. Herein, we determined the predictive value of the C/T ratio of PA for tumor cell proliferation. METHODS: The clinical data of 72 patients with PA and cystic change on MRI were retrospectively analyzed. PA volume, cyst volume, and C/T ratio were calculated. The corresponding intraoperative specimens were collected. Immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to evaluate the Ki67 index and nuclear atypia. Patients were categorized according to the Ki67 index (< 3% and ≥ 3%) and nuclear atypia (absence and presence). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of the Ki67 index and nuclear atypia. The receiver operating characteristic curve assessed the prediction ability of the significant predictors. RESULTS: Larger tumor volumes, smaller cyst volumes, and lower C/T ratios were found in patients with higher Ki67 indexes and those with nuclear atypia (P < 0.05). C/T ratio was an independent predictor of the Ki67 index (odds ratio = 0.010, 95% confidence interval = 0.000-0.462) and nuclear atypia (odds ratio = 0.010, 95% confidence interval = 0.000-0.250). The predictive value of the C/T ratio did not differ significantly from that of tumor volume (P > 0.05) but was better than that of cyst volume (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of the C/T ratio for predicting the Ki67 index and nuclear atypia was larger than that for predicting cyst volume and tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS: C/T ratios can be used to predict PA tumor proliferation preoperatively. Our findings may facilitate the selection of surgery timing and the efficacy evaluation of surgery.

A Genotype-Phenotype Model for Predicting Resistance Training Effects on Leg Press Performance.

This study develops a comprehensive genotype-phenotype model for predicting the effects of resistance training on leg press performance. A cohort of physically inactive adults (N=193) underwent 12 weeks of resistance training, and measurements of maximum isokinetic leg press peak force, muscle mass, and thickness were taken before and after the intervention. Whole-genome genotyping was performed, and genome-wide association analysis identified 85 novel SNPs significantly associated with changes in leg press strength after training. A prediction model was constructed using stepwise linear regression, incorporating seven lead SNPs that explained 40.4% of the training effect variance. The polygenic score showed a significant positive correlation with changes in leg press strength. By integrating genomic markers and phenotypic indicators, the comprehensive prediction model explained 75.4% of the variance in the training effect. Additionally, five SNPs were found to potentially impact muscle contraction, metabolism, growth, and development through their association with REACTOME pathways. Individual responses to resistance training varied, with changes in leg press strength ranging from -55.83% to 151.20%. The study highlights the importance of genetic factors in predicting training outcomes and provides insights into the potential biological functions underlying resistance training effects. The comprehensive model offers valuable guidance for personalized fitness programs based on individual genetic profiles and phenotypic characteristics.

A Universal Self-Propagating Synthesis of Aluminum-Based Oxyhalide Solid-State Electrolytes.

Inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) play a vital role in high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, the current method of SSE preparation usually involves high-energy mechanical ball milling and/or a high-temperature annealing process, which is not suitable for practical application. Here, a facile strategy is developed to realize the scalable synthesis of cost-effective aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs, which involves a self-propagating method by the exothermic reaction of the raw materials. This strategy enables the synthesis of various aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs with tunable components and high ionic conductivities (over 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C) for different cations (Li+, Na+, Ag+). It is elucidated that the amorphous matrix, which mainly consists of various oxidized chloroaluminate species that provide numerous sites for smooth ion migration, is actually the key factor for the achieved high conductivities. Benefit from their easy synthesis, low cost, and low weight, the aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs synthesized by our approach could further promote practical application of high-energy-density ASSBs.

Unusual Hydrogenation Reactivities of a Thiolate-Bridged Dicobalt µ-Nitride Featuring a Bent {CoIII-N-CoIII} Core.

Transition metal nitrides have received considerable attention owing to their crucial roles in nitrogen fixation and nitrogen atom transfer reactions. Compared to the early and middle transition metals, it is much more challenging to access late transition metal nitrides, especially cobalt in group 9. So far, only a handful of cobalt nitrides have been reported; consequently, their hydrogenation reactivity is largely unexplored. Herein, we present a structurally and spectroscopically well-characterized thiolate-bridged dicobalt µ-nitride [Cp*CoIII(µ-SAd)(µ-N)CoIIICp*] (2) featuring a bent {CoIII(µ-N)CoIII} core. Remarkably, complex 2 can realize not only direct hydrogenation of nitride to amide but also stepwise N-H bond formation from nitride to ammonia. Specifically, 2 can facilely activate dihydrogen (H2) at mild conditions to generate a dicobalt µ-amide [Cp*CoII(µ-SAd)(µ-NH2)CoIICp*] (4) via an unusual mechanism of two-electron oxidation of H2 as proposed by computational studies; in the presence of protons (H+) and electrons, nitride 2 can convert to dicobalt µ-imide [Cp*CoIII(µ-SAd)(µ-NH)CoIIICp*][BPh4] (3[BPh4]) and to CoIICoII µ-amide 4, and finally release ammonia. In contrast to 2, the only other structurally characterized dicobalt µ-nitride Na(THF)4{[(ketguan)CoIII(N3)]2(µ-N)} (ketguan = [(tBu2CN)C(NDipp)2]-, Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) (e) that possesses a linear {CoIII(µ-N)CoIII} moiety cannot directly react with H2 or H+. Further in-depth electronic structure analyses shed light on how the varying geometries of the {CoIII(µ-N)CoIII} moieties in 2 and e, bent vs linear, impart their disparate reactivities.

MRI features of pituitary adenoma apoplexy and their relationship with hypoxia, proliferation, and pathology.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to study the MRI features of pituitary adenoma (PA) apoplexy and their relationship with hypoxia, proliferation, and pathology. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with MRI signs of PA apoplexy were selected. According to the MRI signs, they were divided into the parenchymal group and the cystic group. The parenchymal group had a low signal area on T2WI without cyst >2 mm and this area was not significantly enhanced on the corresponding TW1 enhancement. The cystic group had a cyst >2 mm on T2WI, and the cyst showed liquid stratification on T2WI or high signal on T1WI. The relative T1WI (rT1WI) enhancement value and relative T2WI (rT2WI) value of non-apoplexy areas were measured. Protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and Ki67 were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Nuclear morphology was observed with HE staining. RESULTS: The rT1WI enhancement average value, rT2WI average value, Ki67 protein expression level, and the number of abnormal nuclear morphology of non-apoplexy lesions in the parenchymal group were significantly lower than those in the cystic group. The protein expression levels of HIF-1α and PDK1 in the parenchymal group were significantly higher than those in the cystic group. HIF-1α protein was positively correlated with PDK1 but negatively correlated with Ki67. CONCLUSION: When there is PA apoplexy, the ischemia and hypoxia of the cystic group are lesser than those of the parenchymal group, but the proliferation is stronger.

Selective leaching process for efficient and rapid recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries.

With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, the number of decommissioned lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries has been constantly increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to recover metal from spent LiFePO4 batteries due to the high potential for environmental protection and high resource value. In this study, sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) was selected as the oxidant to regulate and control the oxidation state and proton activity of the leaching solution through its high oxidizing ability. Selective recovery of lithium from LiFePO4 batteries was achieved by oxidizing LiFePO4 to iron phosphate (FePO4) during the leaching process. This paper reports an extensive investigation of the effects of various factors, including the acid concentration, initial volume fraction of the oxidant, reaction temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and reaction time, on lithium leaching. Li+ reached a high leaching rate of 93.3% within 5 minutes even at a low concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and high-purity lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was obtained through impurity removal and precipitation reactions. In addition, the leaching mechanism was analysed by both X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. The results show that the obtained high lithium-ion (Li+) leaching efficiency and fast Li+ leaching time can be ascribed to the superior oxidizing properties of Na2S2O8 and the stability of the crystal structure of LiFePO4 during the oxidative leaching process. The adopted method has significant advantages in terms of safety, efficiency and environmental protection, which are conducive to the sustainable development of lithium batteries.

The Universal Super Cation-Conductivity in Multiple-cation Mixed Chloride Solid-State Electrolytes.

As exciting candidates for next-generation energy storage, all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are highly dependent on advanced solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Here, using cost-effective LaCl3 and CeCl3 lattice (UCl3 -type structure) as the host and further combined with a multiple-cation mixed strategy, we report a series of UCl3 -type SSEs with high room-temperature ionic conductivities over 10-3  S cm-1 and good compatibility with high-voltage oxide cathodes. The intrinsic large-size hexagonal one-dimensional channels and highly disordered amorphous phase induced by multi-metal cation species are believed to trigger fast multiple ionic conductions of Li+ , Na+ , K+ , Cu+ , and Ag+ . The UCl3 -type SSEs enable a stable prototype ASSLB capable of over 3000 cycles and high reversibility at -30 °C. Further exploration of the brand-new multiple-cation mixed chlorides is likely to lead to the development of advanced halide SSEs suitable for ASSLBs with high energy density.

N-TFA-Gly-Bt-Based Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 3-Amino Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones via an Organocatalyzed Cascade Process.

Chiral-substituted 3-amino tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones were prepared in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) via an organo-catalyzed cascade procedure with N-TFA-Gly-Bt and α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes as the substrates. The corresponding tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ones can be used for further synthetic transformations that furnish chiral-substituted 3-aminopiperidin-2-ones with high levels of stereoselectivity.

Carbon dot-based inverse opal hydrogels with photoluminescence: dual-mode sensing of solvents and metal ions.

A dual-mode sensing platform, involving fluorescence and reflectance modes, has been demonstrated for highly sensitive and selective detection of solvents and metal ions based on carbon dot-based inverse opal hydrogels (CD-IOHs). In this work, CD-IOHs have been first synthesized via the typical templating technique. Two kinds of CDs, including solvent and Cu(ii) ion sensitive CDs, have been incorporated into the matrix of IOHs during the co-polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The CD-IOHs not only appear green under daylight but also exhibit stable photoluminescence (PL) under UV light owing to the stop-band effect of photonic crystals and the quantum effect of CDs, respectively. By using these two optical phenomena, for solvent sensing, the CD-IOHs change their colors from green, yellow, and red to a semitransparent state and show good linear sensing with the ethanol content varying from 0 to 45% in reflectance mode, while their PL intensities exhibit a nonlinear detection trend: first an increase and then a decrease with the ethanol content in fluorescence mode. Remarkably, as for metal ion sensing, the CD-IOHs have high selectivity for Cu(ii) ions via the specific PL quenching effect of Cu(ii) ion sensitive CDs. Furthermore, the CD-IOHs show good linear detection in both modes and a wide linear detection range from 0.1 µM to 7 mM. Thus, high selectivity, colorimetric detection, a broad linear detection range, and dual-mode sensing can be realized using the CD-IOHs.

Polyethylene Glycol Based Graphene Aerogel Confined Phase Change Materials with High Thermal Stability.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) based graphene aerogel (GA) confined shaped-stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) are simply prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. Three-dimensional GA inserted by PEG molecule chains, as a supporting material, obtained by reducing graphene oxide sheets, is used to keep their stabilized shape during a phase change process. The volume of GA is obviously expended after adding PEG, and only 9.8 wt% of GA make the composite achieve high energy efficiency without leakage during their phase change because of hydrogen bonding widely existing in the GA/PEG composites (GA-PCMs). The heat storage energy of GA-PCMs is 164.9 J/g, which is 90.2% of the phase change enthalpy of pure PEG. In addition, this composite inherits the natural thermal properties of graphene and thus shows enhanced thermal conductivity compared with pure PEG. This novel study provides an efficient way to fabricate shape-stabilized PCMs with a high content of PEG for thermal energy storage.

Green emitting N,S-co-doped carbon dots for sensitive fluorometric determination of Fe(III) and Ag(I) ions, and as a solvatochromic probe.

N,S-co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were synthesized via a single-step solvothermal process by using sodium lignosulfonate and p-phenylenediamine as carbon/nitrogen/sulfur sources. The N,S-CDs have an average diameter of 2.02 ± 1 nm and display green fluorescence, with excitation/emission peak wavelengths at 380/540 nm for optimal fluorescence. Fluorescence is excitation wavelength-dependent and stable in aqueous salt solutions. The fluorescence of the N,S-CDs is selectively quenched by Fe(III) and Ag(I) ions. These ions can be quantified by fluorometry with a limit of detection of 1.7 µM for Fe(III) ions and 11.6 µM for Ag(I) ions. The N,S-CDs also undergo solvatochromism in that emission is green in water solution but blue in polar organic solvents such as ethanol or N,N-dimethylformamide. The color of fluorescence gradually shifts from green to blue when continuously increasing the fraction of organic solvent in water. Graphical abstract N,S-co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) are synthesized by using sodium lignosulfonate and p-phenylenediamine as C/N/S sources. The N,S-CDs can sensitively detect Fe(III) and Ag(I) ions based on fluorometry, and can be used as a solvatochromic probe.

Exact Expressions of Spin-Spin Correlation Functions of the Two-Dimensional Rectangular Ising Model on a Finite Lattice.

We employ the spinor analysis method to evaluate exact expressions of spin-spin correlation functions of the two-dimensional rectangular Ising model on a finite lattice, special process enables us to actually carry out the calculation process. We first present some exact expressions of correlation functions of the model with periodic-periodic boundary conditions on a finite lattice. The corresponding forms in the thermodynamic limit are presented, which show the short-range order. Then, we present the exact expression of the correlation function of the two farthest pair of spins in a column of the model with periodic-free boundary conditions on a finite lattice. Again, the corresponding form in the thermodynamic limit is discussed, from which the long-range order clearly emerges as the temperature decreases.

Comparison of Antidiabetic Medications during the Treatment of Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients.

Type 2 diabetes is often associated with arterial atherosclerosis in large blood vessels. We set out to elucidate whether commonly used antidiabetic drugs metformin, sitagliptin, and pioglitazone will reduce atherosclerosis in T2DM patients. We enrolled 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes, which were divided into four treatment groups according to different oral drugs: metformin alone, sitagliptin alone, pioglitazone alone, or combination of metformin and sitagliptin. We assessed changes in glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, cytokine released, and carotid artery intima-media thickness as the readout for improvement in atherosclerosis. HbA1c levels were significantly decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05), and FBG levels were also decreased in metformin and combined groups (p < 0.05). In addition, we found IL-6 levels significantly decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Treatment with pioglitazone showed a significant increase in BMI, HDL, and ADPN levels (p < 0.05). We also observed a significant decrease in NHDL levels in the combined treatment group (p < 0.05). Our data revealed that in addition to hypoglycemic properties of metformin, sitagliptin, and pioglitazone, these drugs also have the potential to promote an anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, combination therapy may be more beneficial for reducing atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. The clinical trial is registered with ChiCTR-ORC-17010835.

Wearable Stretch Sensors for Motion Measurement of the Wrist Joint Based on Dielectric Elastomers.

Motion capture of the human body potentially holds great significance for exoskeleton robots, human-computer interaction, sports analysis, rehabilitation research, and many other areas. Dielectric elastomer sensors (DESs) are excellent candidates for wearable human motion capture systems because of their intrinsic characteristics of softness, light weight, and compliance. In this paper, DESs were applied to measure all component motions of the wrist joints. Five sensors were mounted to different positions on the wrist, and each one is for one component motion. To find the best position to mount the sensors, the distribution of the muscles is analyzed. Even so, the component motions and the deformation of the sensors are coupled; therefore, a decoupling method was developed. By the decoupling algorithm, all component motions can be measured with a precision of 5°, which meets the requirements of general motion capture systems.

Drivers' Visual Behavior-Guided RRT Motion Planner for Autonomous On-Road Driving.

This paper describes a real-time motion planner based on the drivers' visual behavior-guided rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) approach, which is applicable to on-road driving of autonomous vehicles. The primary novelty is in the use of the guidance of drivers' visual search behavior in the framework of RRT motion planner. RRT is an incremental sampling-based method that is widely used to solve the robotic motion planning problems. However, RRT is often unreliable in a number of practical applications such as autonomous vehicles used for on-road driving because of the unnatural trajectory, useless sampling, and slow exploration. To address these problems, we present an interesting RRT algorithm that introduces an effective guided sampling strategy based on the drivers' visual search behavior on road and a continuous-curvature smooth method based on B-spline. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a real autonomous vehicle and verified against several different traffic scenarios. A large number of the experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm is feasible and efficient for on-road autonomous driving. Furthermore, the comparative test and statistical analyses illustrate that its excellent performance is superior to other previous algorithms.

Functional outcome of en bloc excision and custom prosthetic replacement for giant cell tumor of the distal radius.

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumors (GCT) of the distal radius at Campanacci grade II/III are particularly challenging to treat. Wide excision is the management of choice, but this creates a defect at the distal end of radius. We treated 11 cases of GCT of the distal radius by en bloc excision and custom prosthetic replacement. The purpose of this study was to present our experience and assess the functional outcomes of all patients treated with this surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2005 and 2014, we followed up 11 patients with GCT of the distal radius who were treated with en bloc excision and custom prosthetic replacement. All cases were evaluated based on clinical and radiological examinations, passive range of motion (ROM) of the wrist joint, complications, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 55.5 months (24-83 months); mean resected length of the radius was 7.9 cm. One patient had tumor recurrence in the soft tissues after 15 months (recurrence rate 9.09 %). No patient had fracture, recurrence in the bone, metastases, or immune rejection. No complications were seen, such as loosening, rupture, or dislocation of the custom prosthesis. One patient developed superficial infection at the operative site which resolved after a course of antibiotics for 4 weeks. One patient experienced pain, which could be endured without the need for analgesics. Average ROM was 40.9° of dorsiflexion, 30.0° of volar flexion, 46.4° of supination, and 38.2° of pronation. Mean grip strength was 71 % (42-86 %). Overall revised MSTS score averaged 80.3 % (63.3-93.3 %) with one being excellent, five good, and five satisfactory. CONCLUSION: En bloc excision and custom prosthetic replacement for a Campanacci grade II/III GCT of the distal radius results in reasonable functional outcome at intermediate follow-up evaluation. Although average ROM of the ipsilateral wrist is poorer than some studies with other techniques, this method can be considered a reasonable option.

Motion planning for autonomous vehicle based on radial basis function neural network in unstructured environment.

The autonomous vehicle is an automated system equipped with features like environment perception, decision-making, motion planning, and control and execution technology. Navigating in an unstructured and complex environment is a huge challenge for autonomous vehicles, due to the irregular shape of road, the requirement of real-time planning, and the nonholonomic constraints of vehicle. This paper presents a motion planning method, based on the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network, to guide the autonomous vehicle in unstructured environments. The proposed algorithm extracts the drivable region from the perception grid map based on the global path, which is available in the road network. The sample points are randomly selected in the drivable region, and a gradient descent method is used to train the RBF network. The parameters of the motion-planning algorithm are verified through the simulation and experiment. It is observed that the proposed approach produces a flexible, smooth, and safe path that can fit any road shape. The method is implemented on autonomous vehicle and verified against many outdoor scenes; furthermore, a comparison of proposed method with the existing well-known Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) method is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed method is highly effective in planning the vehicle path and offers better motion quality.

Hypoxia treatment and resistance training alters microRNA profiling in rats skeletal muscle.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play a crucial regulatory role in the process of muscle atrophy induced by high-altitude hypoxia and its amelioration through resistance training. However, research in this aspect is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to employ miRNA microarray analysis to investigate the expression profile of miRNAs in skeletal muscle from an animal model of hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy and resistance training aimed at mitigating muscle atrophy. The study utilized a simulated hypoxic environment (oxygen concentration at 11.2%) to induce muscle atrophy and established a rat model of resistance training using ladder climbing, with a total intervention period of 4 weeks. The miRNA expression profile revealed 9 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by hypoxia (e.g., miR-341, miR-32-5p, miR-465-5p) and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by resistance training under hypoxic conditions (e.g., miR-338-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-92b-3p) (∣log2(FC)∣ ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05). The differentially expressed miRNAs were found to target genes involved in muscle protein synthesis and degradation (such as Utrn, mdm2, eIF4E), biological processes (such as negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent), and signaling pathways (such as Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mTOR signaling pathway). This study provides a foundation for understanding and further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced rats muscle atrophy and the mitigation of atrophy through resistance training.

The Impact of Different Velocity Losses on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Effects in Sprint Athletes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.

Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) can significantly improve athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of two different velocity loss (10% VL and 20% VL) protocols on PAPE in 20 m sprint performance among sprint athletes. Twenty-four male sprint athletes (100 m sprint time: 10.96 ± 0.15 s) participated in the study. A randomized crossover experimental design was used to compare the traditional group (TG) and 10% VL and 20% VL interventions. Sprint tests were conducted at 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between group and time on 20 m sprint performance (F = 2.817, p = 0.037, partial η2 = 0.585). Simple main effects analysis revealed significant improvements at 4 min for the 20% VL group (p < 0.05). Cohen's d values indicated improvements in 10 m sprint times at 8 min for all groups (TG: effect size (ES) = -0.270, 10% VL: ES = -0.038, 20% VL: ES = -0.279). Improvements in 20 m sprint times were observed at 4 min for the 20% VL group (ES = -0.296) and at 16 min for the 10% VL group (ES = -0.276). In conclusion, the velocity loss-based PAPE protocol (20% VL) demonstrated a superior induction of PAPE effects in sprint athletes at 4 min compared to traditional 1RM-based PAPE protocols. However, no significant differences were observed between the two protocols at 8, 12, and 16 min.