Mimicry of Rhabdomyosarcoma by Tonsillar Actinomycosis: Case Report.

Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease characterized by slowly progressive, chronic suppurative lesions, often mistaken for malignancies due to its ability to mimic them. It is caused by Actinomyces bacteria, which are part of the normal flora of the human oropharynx, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. This case report describes a 51-year-old male with a history of mandibular rhabdomyosarcoma presenting with severe shoulder and hip pain, dysphagia, and headaches, initially suspected to be a cancer recurrence. However, after further investigation, including a PET-CT and tonsillectomy, the diagnosis of actinomycosis was confirmed through histopathological examination. The case highlights the diagnostic challenges of actinomycosis, especially in patients with complex clinical histories, emphasizing the importance of considering it as a differential diagnosis in similar presentations. The patient was treated with long-term antibiotic therapy, predominantly beta-lactams, demonstrating the necessity of a comprehensive diagnostic approach and the implications of a delayed diagnosis. This case underscores the critical need for high clinical suspicion and awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the potential for actinomycosis to mimic more common diseases, ensuring timely and accurate treatment.

Report of Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with trastuzumab emtansine.

Vasculitides are a set of pathologies that can affect one or several organs, in the short and long term. They are associated with various etiologies, among which paraneoplastic syndromes and medications stand out. Although everyday cancer therapies are more directed against a therapeutic target, their use can cause a wide spectrum of complications. Some treatments against human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) have been associated with cutaneous and pulmonary vasculitis. We present the first case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with the use of T-DM1 in a patient with HER2 breast cancer.

Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Data on the optimal diagnostic management of pregnant women with suspected pulmonary embolism are limited. Despite a lack of compelling evidence in some practices, clinical practice guidelines focus on the management of these patients. We present the case of a 24-year-old patient at 36 weeks of pregnancy in whom pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was diagnosed in a timely manner also with hemodynamic instability and echocardiographic images with clear involvement of the right cavities. She received thrombolytic therapy with alteplase 100 mg intravenously over 2 hours, which resulted in excellent outcomes for both the pregnant woman and fetus. Understanding the acute approach and management of these patients will improve our clinical practice; therefore, we reviewed a case report of a pregnant patient with high-risk PTE and compared it with current evidence. In conclusion, PE is a common disease with a high mortality rate during pregnancy. Therefore, having made a timely diagnosis using the relevant diagnostic aids and performing thrombolysis with rtPA increase the probability of survival in our patient, leading to successful results for both her and the fetus.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Cold Agglutinin Antibodies in Systemic Lupus erythematosus-a Rare Association: Case Report.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs) are rare and heterogeneous disorders characterized by the destruction of red blood cells by warm or cold antibodies. Hemolytic anemia associated with warm antibodies is the most common, whereas cold antibodies are rare and infrequent in cases published in the scientific literature. Herein, we present the case of a young patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by cold antibodies. Initially, infectious etiology and hematological malignancy were considered, which were ruled out. She required management in the intensive care unit due to severe hematological involvement and responded well to immunomodulatory therapy. This case illustrates the importance of a strong clinical suspicion of AIHA due to cold agglutinins associated with SLE when faced with similar clinical symptoms in order to achieve a timely diagnosis and provide optimal therapy.

First case report of tumor lysis syndrome after third line systemic therapy with gemcitabine and pazopanib in a patient with lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is recognized as an oncologic disorder with a variable incidence. TLS can cause the rapid destruction of tumor cells in response to oncologic therapy and is characterized by multiple electrolyte disturbances as well as its secondary complications, including death. This disease is common among patients with hematologic neoplasms, but very rare among those with solid tumors, as is the case with sarcomas. Such patients have a poor prognosis and increased risk of mortality. In the patient's particular case, this occurred after initiating third-line systemic therapy with gemcitabine associated with pazopanib, an event not previously described in the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a patient with a history of high-grade sarcoma of the left lower limb T4N1M0 stage IIIB undergoing surgical management and exhibiting tumor progression with the need for third-line systemic therapy with pazopanib and gemcitabine. The patient presented with pain at the amputation site, inflammatory changes, and a tumor mass of large components on admission. They later developed electrolyte imbalance and acute renal injury compatible with TLS after systemic therapy was initiated. Pharmacological therapy, including rasburicase, was initiated based on the clinical and laboratory findings. Due to the progression of renal involvement, it was necessary to initiate haemodialysis, and during her hospital stay, the patient presented febrile syndrome associated with pancytopenia. The patient showed a favourable clinical response to the proposed antibiotic therapy and recovery of renal function, for which reason therapy was restarted with pazopanib and gemcitabine, the latter with a 20% reduction for the following cycles. Outpatient follow-up continued, completing eight cycles of treatment with good tolerance and partial clinical response; the patient died of respiratory complications eight months after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence for TLS in patients with high-grade sarcoma in the literature related to the oncologic therapy used; this indicates that early risk evaluation along with prompt initiation of effective therapies is required to prevent the appearance of this type of complications in the short and long term.

Oxaliplatin-Associated Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Patient with Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A Case Report.

We present the case of a 64-year-old female with stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma, pulmonary, and abdominal wall metastases, and no history of cardiovascular disease. In palliative care, she received systemic cytotoxic treatment with fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel protocol, which was well tolerated over five cycles. During cycle 6, she presented with cardiovascular symptoms with hemodynamic consequences while receiving oxaliplatin injection without docetaxel or 5-fluorouracil. She was transferred to the emergency department and then to the intensive care unit. She developed no complications during the hospital stay and was discharged after 10 days with preserved systolic function and no structural changes at the myocardial level. The electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, and magnetic resonance imaging findings indicated an oxaliplatin-associated Takotsubo syndrome. The immunochemistry analysis showed PD-L1 expression level TPS: 40% and the foundation one genomic profiling revealed high mutation load, microsatellite instability, and HER2 not found. The patient is currently asymptomatic and on pembrolizumab monotherapy with good tolerance and partial treatment response.

Frequent Cardiovascular Manifestations Associated With SARS Cov-2 Infection: Experience at a Tertiary Hospital In Cali, Colombia

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly affects the respiratory system, while the most common extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 is cardiovascular involvement. Objective: To identify the frequency of electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including patients aged >18 years with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in a high-complexity hospital in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, from March to September 2020. A descriptive analysis with an analytical component and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed; all estimates were established with a 95% confidence level (CI) and a 5% significance level. Results: This study included 183 individuals; of whom 160 were considered for electrocardiographic analysis, 63% of which evidenced significant findings, the most frequent being sinus tachycardia (29.4%). The frequency of myocardial injury was 21.9% and was more common among non-survivors than among survivors (41.7% vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001). Myocardial injury was also significantly more common in patients who presented electrocardiographic findings than those who did not (26.5% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.032) and in those who required intensive care admission (31.8% vs 10.5%, p < 0.001). The strongest mortality-associated factor was the need for mechanical ventilation — odds ratio (OR), 9.14; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-24.5. Conclusions: Electrocardiographic findings in patients with COVID 19 are frequent, including newly diagnosed arrhythmias, justifying the use of cost-effective tools for the initial approach and follow-up of this affected population. Worse outcomes depend on factors such as invasive mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, age, and superinfection.