Health and mood among HIV-positive outpatients attending an ART Clinic of a University Hospital.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how individuals at different stages of infection with HIV perceive their health status and its association with mood states. BACKGROUND: With the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in 1996, the quality of life of people living with HIV has improved. However, the literature emphasises the negative effects of the disease on the mental health of individuals suffering from this condition and the high incidence of depression among infected individuals. Although people diagnosed and living with HIV are overwhelmed by emotions, we found that various emotional manifestations are understudied within this group of patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient unit of a University Hospital (antiretroviral therapy clinic), with a consecutive sample composed of 152 patients. METHODS: Data were collected through a questionnaire used to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Short Form (36) Health Survey, and the Profile of Mood States scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The health status negatively affects the role at the emotional and mental health dimensions. The participants showing a worse health condition than in the previous year had higher levels of tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment. The stage of disease and the profile of mood state emerged as independent phenomena. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results of this study indicate that nurses worldwide should be aware of the emotional aspects (negative emotions strongly impact health) related to the subjective perception of a worsening health status, regardless of the stage of the disease.

Burnout in nurses working in Portuguese central prisons and type of employment contract.

BACKGROUND: Many studies on burnout have been conducted to try to identify the most vulnerable populations and settings for burnout. Despite the existing studies on burnout in Portuguese nurses, no studies have yet been conducted in prisons. OBJECTIVES: This study measured the levels of burnout among nurses working in prisons and their relationship to the socio-demographic variables and type of employment contract. METHODS: A questionnaire on the socio-demographic and professional characteristics and the MBI-GS (Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey) were sent to the 124 nurses working in Portuguese central prisons, resulting in a final sample of 95 nurses. Associations between burnout levels and socio-demographic variables were identified by Pearson's coefficient and differences between groups according to type of employment were verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: 31.57% of nurses showed both emotional and physical exhaustion and cynicism, and 6.32% lacked professional efficiency. Statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.031) in terms of cynicism and the type of employment contract between nurses from the Ministry of Justice (Mean = 13.55) and nurses who were individual service providers (Mean = 7.25). Nurses working in prisons have higher burnout levels than nurses in general, as well as high levels of emotional and physical exhaustion (Mean = 12.85) and cynicism (Mean = 12.32). These findings confirm that special attention should be given to nurses working in these services.

Mental health literacy about depression: a survey of portuguese youth.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a common disorder in adolescents and young adults, but help seeking is low. Mental health literacy about depression is a key concept to plan interventions for improving help seeking. This study aimed to evaluate youth mental literacy about depression in order to design school-based interventions. METHODS: During 2012, a survey was conducted with a stratified cluster sample of 4938 Portuguese young people between 14 and 24 years of age. Following the presentation of a vignette describing depression, a series of questions was asked concerning: recognition of the disorder; knowledge of professional help and treatments available; knowledge of effective self-help strategies; knowledge and skills to give first aid and support to others; and knowledge of how to prevent this disorder. RESULTS: In response to an open-ended question, around a quarter of the participants failed to recognize depression in the vignette. When asked about the potential helpfulness of various people, most of the participants considered mental health professionals, family and friends to be helpful. However, teachers, social workers and a helpline were less likely to be considered as helpful. With regard to medications, vitamins received more positive views than psychotropics. Some interventions were frequently rated as likely to be helpful, whereas for others there was a lack of knowledge about their effectiveness. A positive finding is that alcohol and tobacco consumption were seen as harmful. When asked about mental health first aid strategies, participants supported the value of listening to the person in the vignette and advising professional help, but some unhelpful strategies were commonly endorsed as well. CONCLUSION: Deficits were found in some aspects of depression literacy in Portuguese youth. Therefore intervention in this area is needed.

REATIVA: An Efficient Health Promotion Program during Retirement Transition.

Retirement is a major life transition in adulthood that can cause vulnerability in individuals and their families. REATIVA is a face-to-face health intervention program that aims to promote the perception of self-efficacy and facilitate the transition to retirement of individuals and families. This article presents the efficiency of this program. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 new retirees and families enrolled in the Portuguese National Health Service. The efficiency of the program was evaluated with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, which assesses self-efficacy, and the Retirement Adaptation Perception (EPFAR) scale, which assesses the perception of adaptation to retirement. The data were processed in IBM SPSS 27 software. An average positive change was found regarding the GSE and EPFAR in all participants of the REATIVA program. Notably, the MANOVA test with Greenhouse-Geisser correction revealed a significant effect of the program over time in the EPFAR scale (F = 17.405, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.554; PO = 0.982). The REATIVA program was found to be efficient in the promotion of individual and family health during the transition to retirement as an active and healthy aging process. New methodologies and intervention strategies were identified that could improve the efficacy of the program; namely, the involvement of more family members and using a blended approach.

Sleep quality, personal and work variables and life habits of hospital nurses. / Qualidade do sono, variáveis pessoais e laborais e hábitos de vida de enfermeiros hospitalares.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the possible associations between sleep quality, personal and work variables and the life habits of hospital nurses. METHOD: a cross-sectional, exploratory, correlational and quantitative study, carried out from October to December 2019. The data were collected with the application of a questionnaire that addressed the respondents' personal characteristics, life habits and working conditions. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Brazilian Portuguese version, was used to assess sleep quality. RESULTS: the participants were 42 professionals: 31 (73.8%) women, aged between 26 and 66 years old (mean of 40.2); 61.9% worked overtime; 26.2% had two employment contracts and 40.5% had absences from work. Sleep quality was considered good by 9.5% of the participants, poor by 64.3% and categorized as with sleep disorders by 26.2%. In the population that worked rotating shifts, this quality was identified as poor by 26.2%. The worst results were found in the age group from 30 to 39 years old and there was a statistical significance in the "living with a partner" variable. CONCLUSION: there was impairment in the nurses' sleep quality and there is a need to monitor these workers, particularly those who work in shifts, in order to provide preventive measures to mitigate the harms to their health.

Stress and cortisol levels among members of the nursing team.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of hospital nursing professionals with the presence of stress, and to associate this with capillary cortisol. METHOD: A cross-sectional, exploratory and correlational study, conducted in a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 164 nursing professionals participated; the Perceived Stress Scale was administered, and hair samples were obtained for laboratory analysis. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (2010), and then into Microsoft Office and the R software, version 3.2.2. RESULTS: High levels of capillary cortisol in 47% of participants suggest the presence of stress, but no statistical significance between cortisol and stress levels were found. CONCLUSIONS: Stress and capillary cortisol levels were indicative of stress among nursing professionals; however, no association between them was found, although the values found were above those recommended.

Analysis of the alcohol consumption phenomenon among adolescents: study carried out with adolescents in intermediate public education.

This study aimed to evaluate the alcohol consumption phenomenon in public schools in Coimbra, Portugal (7th, 8th and 9th grades) for the implementation of a preventive program of alcohol use/abuse. This is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The sample included 654 students (51.5% female) between 12 and 18 years of age. The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire--Adolescent form (AEQ-A) and the Questionnaire of Knowledge on Alcohol were used for data collection. Results show that positive expectancy on alcohol is discriminative of consumption and occurrence of intoxication. Positive expectancy exists even before adolescents have significant experiences with alcohol consumption and increases with age, which reinforces the need for early preventive effort. These results permitted to improve the prevention program included in the school curriculum of the 7th grade students.

Presenteeism in multiprofessional team workers in the Adult Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of presenteeism in multiprofessional team workers of an Adult Intensive Care Unit, relating it to sociodemographic and labor characteristics. METHOD: It is an analytical cross-sectional qualitative study, which used a questionnaire for sociodemographic data collection, and Stanford Presenteeism Scale(SPS-6) to assess presenteeism. RESULTS: There was predominance of women (75.9%), nursing workers (66.7%), mean age of 39.81 years, and 6 to 10 years (31.6%) of experience in the labor market. Regarding presenteeism, 48.7% presented work impairment and 31.8% presentedperformance and completion of tasks altered by this phenomenon. CONCLUSION: Expressive numbers of general presenteeism were identified, with results indicating impairment in completing work. When connecting presenteeism to sociodemographic and labor characteristics, the variables sex, dependent children and absence from work presented values with statistical significance among the studied workers.

Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking Among Young Adults Aged 20-30 Years in Lisbon, Portugal.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, the changes to the pattern of alcohol consumption in Portugal, in particular among young people with heavy episodic drinking (binge drinking), are well documented. However, there are limited studies in individuals aged between 20 and 30 years, which is an important period of transition into adulthood where binge drinking can negatively influence the resolution of developmental tasks. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the pattern of alcohol consumption and binge drinking among young adults aged between 20 and 30 years living in the municipality of Lisbon. METHODOLOGY: This is a quantitative, descriptive correlational study using a convenience sample composed of 259 individuals. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for data collection. RESULTS: Among the sampled subjects, 19.3% of them reported being nondrinkers. Among the alcohol-drinking subjects (N = 209), 61.3% reported binge drinking behaviors. We found a higher percentage of binge drinkers among vocational training students than among university students, as well as a relatively higher percentage of women. In both cases, we found no statistically significant differences. Within the total sample, 10.8% reported hazardous or harmful consumption, with men showing greater hazardous consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Although approximately one fifth of the sampled subjects reported being nondrinkers, the percentage of binge drinkers in this study was significantly higher than that reported in other studies. We also found that binge drinking is more common among vocational training students, although this difference was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed on this age group and in nonacademic settings.

Nurses' Intention to Leave the Organization: A Mediation Study of Professional Burnout and Engagement.

The nature of the turnover process calls for the study of more complex relationships among variables beyond simple bivariate or multiple associations between predictors and turnover intentions. The present article aims to examine the predictive value of job demands and resources in the explanation of nurses' intention to leave the organization and to test the mediating roles of professional burnout and engagement in these relationships, within a Portuguese nursing population. The research models were tested within the scope of the Registered Nurse Forecasting project. Data included the self-report questionnaires of 2,235 Portuguese nurses from 31 hospitals, collected through stratified random sampling procedures. The statistical analyses of the structural models showed that nurses' participation in hospital affairs, a job resource at the work organization level, was the only significant predictor of nurses´ intention to leave the organization (ß = -.45, p < .001). Analyses of the mediation models revealed that the emotional exhaustion symptoms of burnout (ß = -.11, p < .001) and job engagement feelings (ß = -.15, p < .001) were both significant mediators between nurses' decisional involvement and their intentions to leave the organization. Results suggest that including nurses in decision-making processes regarding their professional practice policy and environment, and improving nurses' professional well-being are two crucial strategies to reduce nurses' turnover intentions.

A prática centrada na pessoa: da idiossincrasia do cuidar à inovação em saúde / La práctica centrada en la persona: de la idiosincrasia del cuidado a la innovación en salud / Person-centered practice: from idiosyncrasy of care to health innovation

A prática centrada na pessoa assume um papel preponderante na organização e gestão de sistemas de saúde, bem como na definição de políticas de saúde. Este ensaio teve como objetivo identificar os princípios éticos e estruturas teóricas da prática centrada na pessoa, assim como as diretrizes portuguesas e europeias que sirvam a sua regulamentação. Foi conduzida uma reflexão teórica ancorada na revisão narrativa crítica do estado da arte sobre a prática centrada na pessoa, que visou responder à questão: quais os elementos estruturantes da prática de cuidados centrados na pessoa que a tornam diferenciadora na obtenção de ganhos em saúde? A reflexão crítica contextualiza a mudança de paradigma para a prática centrada na pessoa e identifica os domínios do estado da arte que lhe estão associados: conhecimento filosófico, referenciais teóricos para a prática clínica, ensino e investigação, abordagens para a implementação, e regulamentação. Esses domínios terão de ser necessariamente contemplados para um desenvolvimento e implementação sistemáticos e sustentáveis com efetiva tradução em ganhos em saúde.

La práctica centrada en la persona tiene un papel preponderante en la organización y gestión de sistemas de salud, así como en la definición de políticas de salud. Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo identificar los principios éticos y las estructuras teóricas de la práctica centrada en la persona, así como las instrucciones nacionales portuguesas y europeas que están basadas en su regulación. Se realizó una reflexión teórica con base en una revisión narrativa crítica del estado del arte sobre la práctica centrada en la persona, que buscó responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los elementos estructurantes de la práctica de cuidados centrados en la persona que la hacen diferenciadora en la obtención de beneficios para la salud? La reflexión crítica contextualiza el cambio de paradigma para la práctica centrada en la persona e identifica los dominios del estado del arte asociados con ella: conocimiento filosófico, marcos teóricos a la práctica clínica, enseñanza e investigación, enfoques de implementación y reglamentación. Estos dominios necesariamente deberán ser contemplados para el desarrollo e implementación sistemático y sostenible que resulte en efectivos beneficios para la salud.

Person-centered practice plays a significant role in the organization and management of health systems, as well as in the definition of health policies. This essay aimed to identify the ethical principles and theoretical structures of a person-centered practice, as well as the Portuguese and European national guidelines establish its regulation. A theoretical reflection was conducted based on the critical narrative review of the state of the art on person-centered practice, which aimed to answer the question: what are the structuring elements of the person-centered care practice that make it distinguished in obtaining health gains? Critical reflection contextualizes the paradigm shift to a person-centered practice and identifies the state-of-the-art domains associated with it: philosophical knowledge, theoretical frameworks for clinical practice, teaching and research, approaches to implementation, and regulation. These areas will necessarily have to be considered for a systematic and sustainable development and implementation with effective transformation into health gains.

Qualidade do sono, variáveis pessoais e laborais e hábitos de vida de enfermeiros hospitalares / Sleep quality, personal and work variables and life habits of hospital nurses / Calidad de sueño, variables personales, laborales y estilo de vida de enfermeros de hospital

Resumo Objetivo: identificar as possíveis associações entre a qualidade do sono, as variáveis pessoais e laborais e os hábitos de vida de enfermeiros hospitalares. Método: estudo transversal, exploratório, correlacional, quantitativo, realizado no período de outubro a dezembro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados com a aplicação de um questionário que abordou as características pessoais, hábitos de vida e as condições de trabalho dos pesquisados. Para avaliação da qualidade do sono, utilizou-se a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), versão do português do Brasil. Resultados: participaram 42 profissionais, 31 (73,8%) mulheres, entre 26-66 anos (média de 40,2); 61,9% realizavam horas extras; 26,2% possuíam duplo vínculo empregatício e 40,5% tiveram ausências no trabalho. A qualidade do sono foi considerada boa por 9,5% dos participantes, má por 64,3% e com distúrbios do sono por 26,2%. Na população que realizava turnos rotativos, essa qualidade foi identificada como má por 26,2%. Os piores resultados foram encontrados na faixa etária de 30-39 anos e houve significância estatística na variável "viver com companheiro(a)". Conclusão: houve prejuízo na qualidade de sono dos enfermeiros; há a necessidade de monitoramento desses trabalhadores, particularmente dos que realizam trabalhos em turnos, com o intuito de propiciar medidas preventivas, visando mitigar os danos à sua saúde.

Abstract Objective: to identify the possible associations between sleep quality, personal and work variables and the life habits of hospital nurses. Method: a cross-sectional, exploratory, correlational and quantitative study, carried out from October to December 2019. The data were collected with the application of a questionnaire that addressed the respondents' personal characteristics, life habits and working conditions. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Brazilian Portuguese version, was used to assess sleep quality. Results: the participants were 42 professionals: 31 (73.8%) women, aged between 26 and 66 years old (mean of 40.2); 61.9% worked overtime; 26.2% had two employment contracts and 40.5% had absences from work. Sleep quality was considered good by 9.5% of the participants, poor by 64.3% and categorized as with sleep disorders by 26.2%. In the population that worked rotating shifts, this quality was identified as poor by 26.2%. The worst results were found in the age group from 30 to 39 years old and there was a statistical significance in the "living with a partner" variable. Conclusion: there was impairment in the nurses' sleep quality and there is a need to monitor these workers, particularly those who work in shifts, in order to provide preventive measures to mitigate the harms to their health.

Resumen Objetivo: identificar posibles asociaciones entre la calidad de sueño, las variables personales y laborales y los estilo de vida de los enfermeros de hospital. Método: estudio transversal, exploratorio, correlacional, cuantitativo, realizado de octubre a diciembre de 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario que abordó las características personales, estilo de vida y condiciones de trabajo de los encuestados. Para evaluar la calidad de sueño, se utilizó el Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PCSI), versión en portugués de Brasil. Resultados: participaron 42 profesionales, 31 (73,8%) mujeres, con edad entre 26 y 66 años (media 40,2); el 61,9% trabajaba horas extras; el 26,2% tenía dos vínculos laborales y el 40,5% faltó al trabajo. La calidad de sueño fue considerada buena por el 9,5% de los participantes, mala por el 64,3% y con trastornos del sueño por el 26,2%. El 26,2% de la población que hacía turnos rotativos, calificó la calidad como mala. Los peores resultados se encontraron en la franja etaria de 30 a 39 años y hubo significación estadística en la variable "vive en pareja". Conclusión: la calidad de sueño de los enfermeros se vio afectada; es necesario monitorear a estos trabajadores, en particular a los que trabajan por turnos, a fin de implementar medidas preventivas que reduzcan los daños a su salud.

Adaptation to Portuguese of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS).

OBJECTIVE: To adapt to Portuguese, of Portugal, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, a 21-item short scale (DASS 21), designed to measure depression, anxiety and stress. METHOD: After translation and back-translation with the help of experts, the DASS 21 was administered to patients in external psychiatry consults (N=101), and its internal consistency, construct validity and concurrent validity were measured. RESULTS: The DASS 21 properties certify its quality to measure emotional states. The instrument reveals good internal consistency. Factorial analysis shows that the two-factor structure is more adequate. The first factor groups most of the items that theoretically assess anxiety and stress, and the second groups most of the items that assess depression, explaining, on the whole, 58.54% of total variance. The strong positive correlation between the DASS 21 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) confirms the hypothesis regarding the criterion validity, however, revealing fragilities as to the divergence between theoretically different constructs.

The contribution of Portuguese nursing to universal health access and coverage.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the contribution of Portuguese nursing to improving universal health access and coverage by means of the identification of nurses in the health system; evolution of health indicators; and access-promoting systems, in which nurses play a relevant role. METHOD: this was documentary research of publications from national and international organizations on planning and health outcomes. Statistical databases and legislation on health reforms were consulted. RESULTS: nurses represent 30.18% of human resources in the national health service; the systems of access promotion performed by nurses have good levels of efficacy (95.5%) and user satisfaction (99% completely satisfied); in the local care the creation of Community Care Units (185) occurred, and 85.80% of home consultations were performed by nurses. CONCLUSION: political strategies, the National Health Service and strengthening of human resources in healthcare are the main determinants. Nursing is the most numerous professional group in the National Health Service, however numbers remain deficient in primary health care. The improvement of academic qualification and self-regulation of this professional group has allowed for better answers in improving health for the Portuguese.

The experience of programs to promote health in retirement: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: Retirement is a transition that occurs at the conclusion of the work phase of life, after years in which work has played an important role, and this can interfere with every dimension of the human ageing process. It can be seen as an event, as a status or as a process. Independently of these perspectives, intervention programs can promote the health status of individuals and their families during this life transition. Aging is one of the major issues affecting the current public health framework. For many societies there will be an increasing population of older persons leading to an increase the number of people living with chronic diseases and associated morbidity. As such, there is an urgent need to implement strategies that promote health and the quality of life in stage. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to identify programs that have been implemented with the goal of promoting the health of individuals and their families during their adjustment to retirement and identify the meaningfulness and appropriateness of programs implemented to improve the health status of individuals and families during their adjustment to retirement. TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: This review considered studies that included individuals newly retired (within five years of retirement) and their families. We did not consider any age range; what was important was the experience of the individual, independent of the age in which this transition occurred. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST: This review considered studies that investigated the experiences of individuals and families during the initial retirement period who were subject to programs implemented to improve their health status, excluding programs that had returning to the labor market as a goal. Types of studies: This review considered interpretive or critical studies that drew on the experiences of individuals and their families including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research. In the absence of research studies, other text such as opinion papers and reports were considered. SEARCH STRATEGY: The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished studies. An initial search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by an analysis of text words contained in the title and abstract, and of index terms used to describe the article. Using all identified keywords and index terms, another search was then undertaken across all included databases. The reference list of all identified reports and articles was searched for additional studies. Studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and those published from 2000 to 2013 were considered for inclusion. RESULTS: The number of potentially relevant studies identified following the search was 567. Of these, seven were excluded as duplicates; of the remaining 560, from the title and abstract assessment, 540 were excluded, and 20 out of the 20 articles were excluded for not fulfilling the inclusion criteria when the full text was read. There were no studies located that met the inclusion criteria of this review. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence available to determine the meaningfulness and appropriateness of programs that have been implemented to improve the health status of individuals and families during their adjustment to retirement. According to the conducted analysis, health promotion in retirement is an area which needs scientific and economic investment as there is a lack of evidence that describes programs directed to retirees and their families and that measure the meaningfulness and appropriateness in what concerns their health status.

Programas de promoção da saúde no ensino superior: uma revisão de escopo / Health promotion programs in higher education: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo: Mapear e examinar os programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional implementados com professores de instituições de ensino superior. Método: Revisão de escopo, baseado nos procedimentos recomendados pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Na busca foram utilizados os MESH: Faculty, Health promotion, Occupational health e Universities, composta por uma combinação de 15 palavras-chaves nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO e Web of Science. A busca manual foi realizada nas bases RCAAP, Banco de Teses da CAPES e periódicos especializados, sem limite temporal. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2498 estudos, sendo 57 lidos na íntegra e 28 compuseram a seleção final. A maioria dos estudos estabeleceu relações de causalidade entre variáveis. O mapeamento dos dados evidenciou um grande número de estudos voltados para a avaliação da saúde e bem-estar da comunidade acadêmica, com desenvolvimento de habilidades individuais e coletivas. O empowerment e as oportunidades de aprendizagem sobre as questões de saúde foram mencionados nas intervenções que visavam à promoção da saúde física e mental e do bem-estar. Conclusões: Todos os programas assumiram que a promoção da literacia influenciava o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida. Este trabalho possibilita nortear as intervenções em saúde ocupacional para criação de ambientes saudáveis e implementação de políticas públicas saudáveis que apoiam e reorientam as condições favoráveis à saúde dos indivíduos e coletividades, além de proporcionarem a promoção de bem-estar e do estilo de vida saudável nas universidades.

Abstract Objective: To examine and map occupational health promotion programmes implemented with teachers in higher education institutions. Method: Scoping Review, according to the JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. The research used MESH: Faculty, Health Promotion, Occupational Health and Universities, made up by a combination of fifteen keywords performed in scientific MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Additional records identified through other sources was performed in the RCAAP, Thesis CAPES and specialized journals databases, with no temporal limit. Results: 2498 studies were found, of which 57 were read in full and 28 were part of the final selection. Most studies have established causal relationships between variables. Data mapping showed a large number of studies aimed at assessing the health and well-being of the academic community, with the development of individual and collective skills. Empowerment and learning opportunities on health issues were mentioned in the interventions aimed at promoting physical and mental health and well-being. Conclusions: All programmes assumed that the promotion of literacy influenced well-being and quality of life. This work makes it possible to guide occupational health interventions for the creation of healthy environments and implementation of healthy public policies that support and reorient conditions favorable to the health of individuals and communities and provide the promotion of well-being and healthy lifestyles in universities.

Resumen Objetivo: Examinar y mapear los programas de promoción de salud ocupacional implementados con los docentes de las instituciones de educación superior. Método: Revisión de alcance, según el JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. En la búsqueda se utilizaron los MESH: Faculty, Health promotion, Occupational health and Universities, compuesta por una combinación de quince palabras clave en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO y Web of Science. La búsqueda manual se realizó en las bases de datos RCAAP, CAPES Thesis y revistas especializadas, sin límite de temporal. Resultados: Se encontraron 2.498 estudios, 57 fueron leídos en su totalidad y 28 formaron parte de la selección final. La mayoría de los estudios han establecido causales entre las variables. El mapeo de datos mostró un gran número de estudios dirigidos a evaluar la salud y el bienestar de la comunidad académica, con el desarrollo de habilidades individuales y colectivas. Las intervenciones destinadas a promover la salud física y mental y el bienestar se mencionaron las oportunidades de empoderamiento y aprendizaje sobre cuestiones de salud. Conclusión: Todos los programas asumieron que la promoción de la alfabetización influye en el bienestar y la calidad de vida. Este trabajo permite orientar las intervenciones de salud ocupacional para la creación de ambientes saludables y la implementación de políticas públicas saludables que apoyen y reorienten las condiciones favorables a la salud de los individuos y las comunidades, y que promuevan el bienestar y estilos de vida saludables en las universidades.

Mental health literacy about schizophrenia: a survey of Portuguese youth.

AIM: Mental health literacy about psychotic disorders, specifically schizophrenia, may assist in appropriate help seeking and early intervention, preventing the exacerbation of symptoms and improving health outcomes in the medium and long term. The aim of this study was to characterize the level of mental health literacy of Portuguese youth concerning schizophrenia. METHODS: A mental health literacy questionnaire was administered to a random sample of Portuguese youth aged 14-24 years. This questionnaire evaluated the following components: recognition of disorders, knowledge about professionals and treatments available, knowledge about the effectiveness of self-help strategies, knowledge and skills to support and provide first aid to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders. RESULTS: There were 4938 adolescents and young adults who participated in the study. Schizophrenia or psychosis was recognized by 42.17% and 22.21%, respectively. Most young people recognized the potential helpfulness of family doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health services. There was also widespread belief in the potential helpfulness of family and friends, and lifestyle changes. However, teachers were not generally seen as a source of help. Appropriate mental health first-aid strategies were commonly endorsed, but there was a reluctance to ask about suicidal feelings and many endorsed speaking to the person firmly. Lifestyle factors were also commonly believed to be preventative. CONCLUSIONS: Although many Portuguese youth have beliefs that may assist early intervention, there was a substantial minority who did not. Given the central role of teachers in the lives of young people, it is notable that they were not seen as a potential source of help. Mental health first-aid skills of young people also need improvement.

Stress and cortisol levels among members of the nursing team / Niveles de estrés y cortisol entre miembros del equipo de enfermería / Estresse e níveis de cortisol capilar entre a equipe de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the characteristics of hospital nursing professionals with the presence of stress, and to associate this with capillary cortisol. Method: A cross-sectional, exploratory and correlational study, conducted in a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 164 nursing professionals participated; the Perceived Stress Scale was administered, and hair samples were obtained for laboratory analysis. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (2010), and then into Microsoft Office and the R software, version 3.2.2. Results: High levels of capillary cortisol in 47% of participants suggest the presence of stress, but no statistical significance between cortisol and stress levels were found. Conclusions: Stress and capillary cortisol levels were indicative of stress among nursing professionals; however, no association between them was found, although the values found were above those recommended.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las características de los trabajadores de enfermería hospitalarios con presencia de estrés y asociarlos con el cortisol capilar. Método: estudio transversal, exploratorio y correlacional, realizado en un hospital de São Paulo, Brasil. Participó un total de 164 trabajadores de enfermería, a quienes se aplicó la Escala de estrés percibido y se obtuvieron muestras de cabello para análisis de laboratorio. Los datos se ingresaron en una hoja de cálculo MS-Excel (2010) y luego en el software Microsoft Office and R, versión 3.2.2. Resultados: altos niveles de cortisol capilar en el 47% de los participantes sugieren la presencia de estrés, pero no hubo relevancia estadística entre los niveles de cortisol y el estrés. Conclusiones: el estrés y los niveles de cortisol capilar fueron indicativos de estrés entre los trabajadores de enfermería; sin embargo, no hubo asociación entre ellos, aunque estaban por encima de los recomendados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar características de trabalhadores de enfermagem da área hospitalar com a presença de estresse e associar com o cortisol capilar. Método: Estudo de corte transversal, exploratório e correlacional, realizado em um hospital paulista, Brasil. Participaram 164 trabalhadores de enfermagem, nos quais foi aplicada a Perceived Stress Scale e obtidas amostras de cabelos para análise laboratorial. Os dados foram inseridos em planilha do MS-Excel (2010) e, após, no programa Microsoft Office e no software R, versão 3.2.2. Resultados: Elevados níveis de cortisol capilar em 47% dos participantes sugerem a presença de estresse, mas não houve significância estatística entre níveis de cortisol e de estresse. Conclusões: níveis de estresse e de cortisol capilar foram indicativos de presença de estresse entre trabalhadores de enfermagem; entretanto, não houve associação entre eles, embora estivessem acima dos recomendados.

Nurses' workload and its relation with physiological stress reactions.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relation between the workload and the physiological stress reactions among nurses working at a hospital service. METHODS: cross-sectional, correlational, quantitative study, involving 95 nurses, in 2011 and 2012. Spearman's bivariate Correlation Test was used. RESULTS: most subjects are female, between 23 and 61 years old and working between 21 and 78 hours per week. The most frequent physiological reactions were back pain, fatigue/exhaustion, stiff neck and stomach acidity, with 46.3% of the subjects presenting low and 42.1% moderate physiological stress responses. No correlation was found between the workload and the physiological stress responses. CONCLUSION: although most of the nurses work more than 36 hours/week, physiologically, they do not present high reaction levels in response to stress. These workers deal with conflicts in the vertical and horizontal relations between professionals, family members and patients. In that sense, taking care of professionals who offer health services can be a fundamental strategy, as good user care mainly depends on healthy teams.