Psoriasis and family history of psoriasis may not affect disease severity of rheumatoid arthritis.

The incidence of psoriasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher than in the general population. In addition, psoriasis may negatively affect the severity of rheumatological diseases in patients with autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of psoriasis or a family history of psoriasis on the characteristics of RA. This is a cross-sectional study. We included 737 RA patients who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) RA Classification Criteria, but did not meet the CASPAR psoriatic arthritis criteria. Subsequently, we compared disease activity, the need for biologic therapy, the number of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs taken, the frequency of erosive disease and extra-articular involvement, glucocorticoid doses and the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire scores between patients with and without a history of psoriasis, and patients with and without a family history of psoriasis. Thirteen (1.8%) patients had psoriasis, while 58 (7.9%) had a family history of psoriasis in first- or seconddegree relatives. All outcome parameters were found to be similar between the groups. We show that concomitant psoriasis has no effect on the evaluated disease characteristics of RA.

Successful preimplantation genetic aneuploidy screening in Turkish patients.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a preventive approach for identifying genetic abnormalities in early stages of reproduction. We used preimplantation genetic aneuploidy screening in 230 cycles of patients with indications of advanced maternal age, recurrent implantation failure, recurrent spontaneous abortions, or severe male factor. Biopsied blastomeres from embryos with six to eight blastomeres on day 3 were fixed and fluorescence in situ hybridization was utilized on chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y. Among 945 morphologically normal embryos, 314 were diagnosed as chromosomally normal. Trisomy and monosomy were observed in 36% of the cases (18% each). Embryo transfer was used in 144 cycles, resulting in 41 pregnancies. Thirty-seven healthy babies were delivered, with a take-home baby rate of 24.2% and an implantation rate of 22%. We recommend preimplantation genetic aneuploidy screening as a valuable technique to select normal chromosome embryos in order to avoid multiple pregnancies due to the multiple embryo transfers that are normally necessary to ensure pregnancy in poor prognosis in vitro fertilization patients.

Luteal phase empirical low molecular weight heparin administration in patients with failed ICSI embryo transfer cycles: a randomized open-labeled pilot trial.

BACKGROUND: The pathology underlying recurrent implantation failures (RIF) is not clear and treatment options proposed are generally not evidence based. Although the effect of heparin on trophoblast biology has not been studied extensively, given the available data suggesting a possible beneficial effect of heparin on embryo implantation, we decided to undertake this pilot study. METHODS: One hundred and fifty women with > or =2 failed assisted reproduction treatment cycles were included in this randomized open-label pilot trial. Participants underwent controlled ovarian stimulation with the long protocol and were randomly allocated to receive 1 mg/kg/day low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or no treatment in addition to routine luteal phase support (LPS) on the day after oocyte retrieval. LPS and LMWH was continued up to the 12th gestational week in pregnant participants. RESULTS: There were 26 (34.7%) live births in the LMWH group, and 20 (26.7%) in the control group (absolute difference 8.0%, 95% CI -4.2 to 24.9%, P = 0.29). There were 34 (45.3%) and 29 (38.7%) clinical pregnancies in the LMWH and control groups, respectively (absolute difference 6.6%, 95% CI -9.0 to 21.8%, P = 0.41). Implantation rates were 24.5 and 19.8% in the LMWH and control groups, respectively (absolute difference 4.7%, 95% CI -4.7 to 14.1%, P = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Despite lack of statistical significance, observed relative increase by 30% in live birth rates with LMWH may be regarded as a clinically significant trend necessitating further research on the use of empirical LMWH in women with RIF and possibly in all women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. Failure to demonstrate statistical significance of the observed treatment difference may be due to limited sample size of this pilot study.

Cardiovascular disease risk prediction in scleroderma

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease risk prediction in scleroderma is important. In this study of scleroderma patients, the aim was to investigate the relationship between cardiac myosin-binding protein-C, sensitive troponin T, and trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular disease risk with the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 model of the European Society of Cardiology. METHODS: Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 risk groups of 38 healthy controls and 52 women with scleroderma were evaluated. Cardiac myosin-binding protein-C, sensitive troponin T, and trimethylamine N-oxide levels were analyzed with commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS: In scleroderma patients, cardiac myosin-binding protein-C and trimethylamine N-oxide levels were higher than healthy controls but sensitive troponin T was not (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.274, respectively). Out of 52 patients, 36 (69.2%) were at low risk, and the other 16 (30.8%) patients were at high-moderate risk with the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 model. At the optimal cutoff values, trimethylamine N-oxide could discriminate high-moderate risk with sensitivity 76%, specificity 86% and cardiac myosin-binding protein-C with sensitivity 75%, specificity 83%. Patients with high trimethylamine N-oxide levels (≥10.28 ng/mL) could predict high-moderate- Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 risk 15 times higher than those with low trimethylamine N-oxide (<10.28 ng/mL) levels (odds ratio [OR]: 15.00, 95%CI 3.585-62.765, p<0.001). Similarly, high cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (≥8.29 ng/mL) levels could predict significantly higher Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 risk than low cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (<8.29 ng/mL) levels (OR: 11.00, 95%CI 2.786-43.430). CONCLUSION: Noninvasive cardiovascular disease risk prediction indicators in scleroderma, cardiac myosin-binding protein-C, and trimethylamine N-oxide could be recommended to distinguish between high-moderate risk and low risk with the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 model.

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia still taking etanercept for ankylosing spondylitis.

The possible risk of hematologic malignancies in anti TNF users is a matter of debate. Whether associated with the drug or not, how to behave when a hematologic malignancy is discovered in the course of anti TNF treatment remains unanswered. Here we present a 66 year old male patient who had AS for 30 years and had been on etanercept for the last two years and who is diagnosed with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) stage 1. The patient is still on etanercept for 5 years after the diagnosis without any progression in CLL.

Blastocyst quality affects the success of blastocyst-stage embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between blastocyst quality and the results of embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage. DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care private hospital IVF center. PATIENT(S): A total of 350 blastocyst-stage embryo transfer cycles. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro culture to the blastocyst stage was undertaken in 350 ICSI cycles where four or more cleavage-stage embryos were available on day 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Relationship between blastocyst quality and implantation and clinical and multiple pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): Transfer of at least one grade 1 or grade 2 blastocyst or one hatching blastocyst was associated with very high implantation and pregnancy rates. However, transfer of grade 3 blastocysts yielded very low implantation and pregnancy rates. CONCLUSION(S): There appears to be a strong correlation between blastocyst quality and success of blastocyst transfer.

The impact of an egg donor's age and her prior fertility on recipient pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of donor's age and her prior fertility on recipient pregnancy outcome in our donor egg program. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: Large academic infertility center. PATIENT(S): A total of 568 fresh ETs were analyzed for the effect of the egg donor's age on pregnancy outcome; a subset of these (n = 185) were analyzed for the effect of the egg donor's prior fertility on pregnancy outcome. INTERVENTION(S): Donors were paired with recipients independent of recipient's age and donor's prior fertility status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Recipient clinical pregnancy rates (PRs) and delivery rates for different donor age groups and for nulligravid donors versus donors with proven fertility. RESULT(S): Donors > or = 33 years old were less likely than younger donors to produce clinical pregnancies and deliveries in their recipients (43.5% versus 26.6% and 35.1% versus 22.1%, respectively). However, there was no difference in clinical PRs or delivery rates between nulligravid donors and donors with proven fertility. CONCLUSION(S): Donors > or = 33 years of age could be excluded from egg donation because of the lower pregnancy potential of their eggs. However, lack of proven fertility in a donor seems to have no negative impact on pregnancy potential.

Blastocyst-stage transfer of poor-quality cleavage-stage embryos results in higher implantation rates.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and success of blastocyst-stage embryo transfers in patients having only fair and poor quality cleavage-stage embryos on day 3. DESIGN: Prospective case study with historic controls. SETTING: Tertiary care private hospital IVF center. PATIENT(S): A total of 158 day 5 embryo transfer cycles in patients with grade 3 and grade 4 cleavage-stage embryos. Control group consisted of 162 day 3 transfer cycles performed with embryos of similar quality. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro culture of embryos up to the blastocyst stage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The percentage of cycles that culminated in the transfer of at least one blastocyst and implantation and pregnancy rate related to the day of transfer. RESULT(S): In the day 3 transfer group, a mean of 5.2 embryos were replaced per patient. This was significantly more than the mean of 2.4 embryos that could be replaced on day 5 (P <.001). The clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 27.2% and 33.5% in the two groups, respectively (P >.05). The implantation rate per embryo was significantly higher in the day 5 transfer group (15% vs. 5.9%). The multiple pregnancy and abortion rates were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION(S): Transfer of fair and poor quality embryos at the blastocyst stage is feasible and is associated with higher implantation rates as compared to transfer of similar quality embryos on day 3.

Elevated serum progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration does not adversely affect implantation rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between serum P levels on the day of hCG administration and the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN: Retrospective case study. SETTING: Assisted reproduction unit of a tertiary care private hospital. PATIENT(S): Nine hundred eleven ICSI cycles that proceeded to ET were studied. INTERVENTION(S): The decision to administer hCG was based on serum E2 levels and follicle size. Serum P was measured from frozen sera obtained on the day of hCG administration. Cycles were stratified according to serum P levels of <0.9 ng/mL (n = 298) or > or =0.9 ng/mL (n = 613). This cutoff level was selected because it yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity according to a receiver operator characteristic curve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): In cycles with high serum P levels, more oocytes were retrieved and more embryos were available for transfer. Clinical pregnancy rates per ET in the low and high P groups were 36.9% and 45.4%, respectively (P<.05). The implantation rate per embryo was similar in the two groups (14.9% and 16.4%, respectively, in cycles with P levels <0.9 vs > or =0.9 ng/mL). Abortion rates were 22.7 and 25.8%, respectively (P>.05). CONCLUSION(S): Our data showed no adverse effect of high serum P levels on the day of hCG administration on implantation rates after ICSI and ET.

Does hepatitis C virus infection increase hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in hemodialyzed patients?

OBJECTIVE: Some case reports indicated that red cell status increased after hepatitis C viral infection. The aim of study was to define the influence of hepatitis C infection (HCV) on red cell status in hemodialyzed patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 49 (21 anti-HCV-positive and 28 anti-HCV-negative) patients with ESRD were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were blood transfusion and massive blood loss in the last 6 months preceding the study. None of the patients used any drug containing aluminum. RESULTS: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was 42.8%. Mean age was 51.6 +/- 14.3 in anti-HCV (+) group and 50.4 +/- 17.0 in anti-HCV (-) group. There was no statistically significant difference between the ages of the 2 groups. Mean duration time of hemodialysis was significantly longer in patients with anti-HCV antibody (+) group (54.9 +/- 34.2 months) compared to anti-HCV-negative group (12.5 +/- 9.0 months) (p < 0.001). Mean hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Htc) levels were significantly higher in anti-HCV-positive patients than in anti-HCV-negative patients (Hb: 10.4 +/- 1.8 g/dl, Htc: 30.5 +/- 5.5% vs Hb: 8.8 +/- 1.7 g/dl, Htc: 26.1 +/- 5.3%) (for Hb p < 0.005, for Htc p < 0.007). There was no significant difference regarding the usage ofrHuEPO between the 2 study groups (57.1% in anti-HCV antibody (+)/59.3% in anti-HCV antibody (-)) (p > 0.05). All patients not receiving rHuEPO did so because of economical reasons. Serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in the anti-HCV antibody-positive group compared with the anti-HCV antibody-negative group. (AST p < 0.04, ALT p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Anti-HCV antibody-positive ESRD patients have higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels compared to HCV-negative patients.

Fluoxetine in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as the disabling and cyclic occurrence of emotional and behavioral symptom complex during the latter half of the menstrual cycle. Although its etiology is unknown, it has been speculated that premenstrual syndrome is linked to a deficiency of central serotoninergic activity. METHOD: The study consisted of a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine at a dose of 20 mg/day or placebo for three menstrual cycles. The 440 women who appeared to meet the eligibility criteria were instructed to record the 'Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences' (CPE) scale for two complete menstrual cycles. Of 410 women who successfully completed two cycles of recording their symptoms daily only 35 met the criteria for PMS. These criteria included psychiatric interviews which were made before treatment. Thirty-five PMS patients were randomized into placebo or fluoxetine treatment groups. RESULTS: Our study suggests that fluoxetine at a dose of 20 mg per day was significantly superior to placebo in alleviating the symptoms of PMS. The most common side effects were gastrointestinal irritability (15%), insomnia (11%) and sexual dysfunction (8.5%). CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine is an effective and well-tolerated drug and appears to have considerable promise in treating a range of symptoms in women with PMS.

Postconceptional cervical cerclage.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome and morbidity of pregnancies following cervical cerclage. METHOD: Records were reviewed for 326 patients with 374 singleton pregnancies between 1980 and 1990. RESULT: McDonald and Shirodkar procedures were carried out in 323 and 51 pregnancies, respectively. The procedure was classified as elective if based on past history (n = 330). In 44 pregnancies, cervical dilatation prompted operation. The overall fetal survival rate has increased from 17.7% to 79.1% after cervical cerclage. While the presence of cervical dilatation at suture placement had a prognostic value, the surgical technique, gestational age at suture placement and progestin therapy had no significant effect on survival. Premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis were found to be the leading causes of morbidity. CONCLUSION: Cervical cerclage seems to the treatment of choice in patients with cervical incompetence. Only the presence of cervical dilatation at operation was found to have a prognostic value among the factors analyzed.

Comparing two embryo transfer catheters. Use of a trial transfer to determine the catheter applied.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance of two different embryo transfer catheters (Wallace and Frydman) in an in vitro fertilization (IVF)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred twenty-eight IVF or ICSI embryo transfer cycles were analyzed. A trial transfer was performed before the initiation of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to determine the choice of embryo transfer catheter, Wallace or Frydman. Actual transfer was undertaken with the catheter chosen from the trial transfer. RESULTS: During actual embryo transfer, 214 (93.5%) of the intended 229 Wallace transfers were successful, and in 15 transfers the Frydman catheter was used. Of the intended 199 Frydman transfers, all were successful. Clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate per embryo and ectopic pregnancy rate per transfer for the Wallace catheter were 41.6%, 16% and 0.9%, respectively. Respective rates for the Frydman catheter were 36.0%, 14.4% and 0.9% (P > .05 for all variables). Trial catheterization prevented most of the unanticipated procedural difficulties during the actual transfer. CONCLUSION: Both Wallace and Frydman catheters performed similarly, although there was a slight but nonsignificant increase in clinical pregnancy rates with the Wallace catheter.

Immature teratoma of the ovary.

The clinicopathologic experience of 10 patients with immature ovarian teratoma is presented. The mean age of the patients was 22.1. Abdominopelvic mass was the presenting symptom in the majority of cases. Immature ovarian teratomas accounted for 4.0% of germ cell tumors and 2.1% of all ovarian neoplasms diagnosed in our institution. Of the patients, 6 had Stage I disease and 7 had grade I tumor. Unilateral tumor was encountered in the majority of patients. Adequate primary surgical-pathologic staging and multiagent chemotherapy seem to be the treatment of choice.

Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. A clinicopathological evaluation of 60 cases.

The patients with granulosa cell tumor of the ovary constituted 7.6% (60/780) of all ovarian malignancies treated at our Institution. The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 53.1. The most frequent symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding. Of the 60 patients, 36 had stage I, 2 had stage II, 16 had stage III and 6 had stage IV disease. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma were detected in 18 and 3 patients, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was detected in only one of 18 patients subjected to lymphadenectomy. Recurrent disease was observed in 3 of 36 patients with stage I disease. The overall 5-year survival was found to be 85.0% (51/60). This figure varied from 100.0% to 63.6% according to the stage. In patients with stage I disease, surgery with and without adjuvant therapy achieved the same 5-year survival rate. In advanced stage, 5-year survival rate dropped from 90.0% with no gross residual disease to 25.0% with residual disease more than 2 cm. In patients with stage I disease, surgery only seems to be the treatment of choice. In advanced stage, since residual disease after surgery effects survival significantly, an aggressive surgical approach is advocated.