A new approach of non-invasive hemodynamic assessment by echocardiography in the intensive care unit: The right intercostal transhepatic window.

Echocardiography has gained great acceptance in the management of critically ill patients, allowing non-invasive hemodynamic assessment, through conventional cardiac windows such as the parasternal, apical and subxiphoid views. However, it is not always possible to get good quality images because of the interposition of the lung or the presence of surgical drainages at the thoracic region. Based on these issues, we described a case in which echocardiographic assessment was possible through a novel approach: the right intercostal transhepatic window (RITW), through which we diagnosed significant aortic regurgitation in a patient with pulmonary edema.

Abnormal echocardiographic findings after COVID-19 infection: a multicenter registry.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed health systems worldwide. There is conflicting data regarding the degree of cardiovascular involvement following infection. A registry was designed to evaluate the prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in adults recovered from COVID-19. We prospectively evaluated 595 participants (mean age 45.5 ± 14.9 years; 50.8% female) from 10 institutions in Argentina and Brazil. Median time between infection and evaluation was two months, and 82.5% of participants were not hospitalized for their infection. Echocardiographic studies were conducted with General Electric equipment; 2DE imaging and global longitudinal strain (GLS) of both ventricles were performed. A total of 61.7% of the participants denied relevant cardiovascular history and 41.8% had prolonged symptoms after resolution of COVID-19 infection. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 61.0 ± 5.5% overall. In patients without prior comorbidities, 8.2% had some echocardiographic abnormality: 5.7% had reduced GLS, 3.0% had a LVEF below normal range, and 1.1% had wall motion abnormalities. The right ventricle (RV) was dilated in 1.6% of participants, 3.1% had a reduced GLS, and 0.27% had reduced RV function. Mild pericardial effusion was observed in 0.82% of participants. Male patients were more likely to have new echocardiographic abnormalities (OR 2.82, p = 0.002). Time elapsed since infection resolution (p = 0.245), presence of symptoms (p = 0.927), or history of hospitalization during infection (p = 0.671) did not have any correlation with echocardiographic abnormalities. Cardiovascular abnormalities after COVID-19 infection are rare and usually mild, especially following mild infection, being a low GLS of left and right ventricle, the most common ones in our registry. Post COVID cardiac abnormalities may be more frequent among males.

Stress Echo 2030: The Novel ABCDE-(FGLPR) Protocol to Define the Future of Imaging.

With stress echo (SE) 2020 study, a new standard of practice in stress imaging was developed and disseminated: the ABCDE protocol for functional testing within and beyond CAD. ABCDE protocol was the fruit of SE 2020, and is the seed of SE 2030, which is articulated in 12 projects: 1-SE in coronary artery disease (SECAD); 2-SE in diastolic heart failure (SEDIA); 3-SE in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SEHCA); 4-SE post-chest radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SERA); 5-Artificial intelligence SE evaluation (AI-SEE); 6-Environmental stress echocardiography and air pollution (ESTER); 7-SE in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (SETOF); 8-SE in post-COVID-19 (SECOV); 9: Recovery by stress echo of conventionally unfit donor good hearts (RESURGE); 10-SE for mitral ischemic regurgitation (SEMIR); 11-SE in valvular heart disease (SEVA); 12-SE for coronary vasospasm (SESPASM). The study aims to recruit in the next 5 years (2021-2025) ≥10,000 patients followed for ≥5 years (up to 2030) from ≥20 quality-controlled laboratories from ≥10 countries. In this COVID-19 era of sustainable health care delivery, SE2030 will provide the evidence to finally recommend SE as the optimal and versatile imaging modality for functional testing anywhere, any time, and in any patient.

El comportamiento del strain longitudinal regional depende de la reserva coronaria en un análisis simultáneo durante el eco-estrés con dipiridamol / The Behavior of Regional Longitudinal Strain Depends on Coronary Flow Reserve in a Simultaneous Analysis during Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography

RESUMEN Introducción: Está poco estudiado el comportamiento del strain longitudinal regional y global en relación al valor de la reserva coronaria. Objetivos: Comparar el comportamiento del strain longitudinal apical y global con el valor de la reserva coronaria de la arteria descendente anterior y secundariamente comparar estas respuestas con el análisis visual de la motilidad parietal durante el eco-estrés con dipiridamol. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 179 pacientes (edad 68,7 ± 7,8), 90 hombres (50,3%). En el pico del efecto de dipiridamol, se midió la reserva coronaria, simultáneamente al strain longitudinal y el análisis visual de la contractilidad. Se organizó a los pacientes en dos grupos: grupo 1: reserva coronaria ≥ 2 y grupo 2: < 2. Strain apical se definió como el promedio de 4 segmentos apicales y global de los 17 segmentos. Se consideró normal a todo incremento del strain. Resultados: Se incluyeron 113 pacientes (63,12%) en el grupo 1 y 66 (36,87%) en el grupo 2. Strain apical: el 96,77% del grupo 1 incrementaron su valor con el apremio, mientras que, en el grupo 2, el 95,31% presentaron una caída (p < 0,0001). Strain global: el 82,8% del grupo 1 presentaron incremento de sus valores, en cambio, en el grupo 2, el 78,8% empeoraron (p < 0,01). Análisis de la motilidad parietal posdipiridamol: el 96,46% del grupo 1 tenían motilidad parietal conservada y el 54,5% del grupo 2 (solo en 4 pacientes aumentó el strain apical). Conclusiones: Se comprobó una estrecha correlación entre la reserva coronaria y el strain longitudinal. El strain longitudinal apical resultó ser superior del global. El strain apical demostró tener una mejor correlación con la reserva coronaria que con el análisis visual de la contractilidad.

ABSTRACT Background: The behavior of regional and global longitudinal strain in relation to the value of the coronary reserve is poorly studied. Objectives: Compare the behavior of the Apical and global longitudinal Strain with the value of the coronary reserve of the anterior descending artery and as a secondary aim compare these responses with the visual analysis of parietal motility during Echo Stress with Dipyridamole. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of 179 patients (age 68.7±7.8), 90 patients (50.3%) were men. At the peak of the dipyridamole effect, the coronary reserve was measured, simultaneously with the Longitudinal Strain and the visual analisis of contractility. Two groups were divided: Group 1: Coronary reserve ≥2 and Group 2: <2. Apical Strain was defined as the average of 4 apical segments and global as the average of the 17 segments. It was considered normal any increased of deformation. Results: 113 patients (63.12%) were included in Group 1 and 66 (36.87%) in Group 2. Strain Apical: 96.77% of Group 1 increased their strain values with the stress, while in group 2, 95.31% presented a worsening strain values (p<0.0001). Global Strain: 82.8% of Group 1 had an increase in their values, while in Group 2, 78.8% showed worsening (p<0.01). Post Dipyridamole parietal Motility Analysis: 96.46% of Group 1 had preserved parietal motility and only 54.5% of Group 2 (4 patients had increased apical Strain in this group). Conclusions: There was a close correlation between the coronary reserve of the anterior descending artery and the contractile reserve evaluated by regional apical longitudinal strain of the 4 apical segments, which was superior to the use of global strain. The Apical Strain showed a better correlation with ADA coronary reserve than with the visual analysis of contractility.