Impact of music on the dynamic perception of coffee and evoked emotions evaluated by temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and emotions (TDE).

The aim of the present work was to study the temporal effect of music on sensory perception and on the emotional changes while drinking coffee. Two different commercial filter coffees were evaluated by a group of 48 consumers using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method. The description was performed in silence and also while listening to two different musical fragments: one with a "sweet" connotation and the other with a "bitter" one. Under the same conditions (drinking coffee with and without musical stimuli), a different group of 72 consumers evaluated their perceived emotions (joy, fear, neutral, rejection, disgust, surprise, sadness and anger) by Temporal Dominance of Emotions (TDE). Data was analyzed by dominance curves and by ANOVA and MANOVA of the durations of dominance (for emotions and sensations). Coffee perception, in both cases, was modified by the musical stimuli. The duration of dominance of bitter was increased in the presence of "bitter" music, while it decreased with the "sweet" music. Moreover, the sweet attribute was practically not chosen for describing the coffee on its own, but its choice and duration as dominant increased while listening to the "sweet" musical fragment. Music had a larger impact on the perceived emotions. The "sweet" music was related to the emotion of joy, which was accompanied by surprise and also some sadness when drinking coffee (regardless of the type of coffee being drunk). The "bitter" music was linked to the emotions anger and fear. The effect of "sonic seasoning" and translation of emotions with a familiar product was observed.

[Percutaneous balloon valvotomy in neonatal obstructive cardiopathy. II. Critical aortic valve stenosis]. / Valvotomía percutánea con balón en la cardiopatía obstructiva neonatal. Parte II: Estenosis valvular aórtica crítica.

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvotomy using one or more balloons in sequential approach was attempted in 11 non selected neonates with critical aortic valve stenosis. The procedure was complete in 9 (81%), and they represent the study group with a mean age of 19 days. Using a balloon/annulus ratio of 0.86, the transvalvar gradient decreased from 49 to 25 mmHg, and left ventricular systolic pressure fell from 112 mmHg to 96 mmHg (p < 0.01, respectively). Fifty-five percent (5/9) of the patients developed a new aortic regurgitation, only one with grade 3. The maximal instantaneous Doppler gradient recorded in 7 neonates before and after valvotomy dropped from 67 to 35 mmHg (p < 0.01); while the left ventricular shortening fraction increased from 15 to 31% (p < 0.01). The Doppler gradient was correlated with the left ventricular shortening fraction (r:0.72) and the aortic regurgitation with the balloon/annulus ratio (r:0.82). The balloon pulmonary valvotomy was unsuccessful in 2 neonates (22%), both with hypoplastic left ventricle, both of which died in the operating room. Echocardiographic features of reestenosis were not found in the follow-up period (14 +/- 10 months); only one patient may need a future surgical intervention because significant aortic insufficiency. The pulmonary balloon valvotomy is a safe and effective therapy that must be used as the first step in the management of neonates with critical aortic stenosis in absence of hypoplastic left ventricle.

[Percutaneous balloon valvotomy in neonatal obstructive cardiopathy. I: critical pulmonary valvular stenosis]. / Valvotomía percutánea con balón en la cardiopatía obstructiva neonatal. Parte I: estenosis valvular pulmonar crítica.

Percutaneous pulmonary balloon valvotomy using one balloon or more in sequential approach was attempted in 9 no selected neonates with critical pulmonary valve stenosis between March 1985 and October 1990 (mean age 10 + 8.6 days). The procedure was successful in seven of them (78%) in whom with a 1.22 + 0.2 balloon/annulus ratio the right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 96 to 45 mmHg (p < 0.001), the transvalvular gradient from 65 to 23 mmHg (p < 0.001); and the systemic oxygen saturation increased from 69 to 86% (p < 0.001). In one patient the valve was not crossed. Two patients underwent surgery because unsuccessful balloon valvotomy result in the immediate and mid term period: hypoplastic right ventricle in one, and inferior vena cava thrombosis that prevent a second dilation in the other respectively. The mid term follow up showed a 62% (5/8) of successful result. Although the complex methodology and complications are not uncommon, the balloon pulmonary valvotomy is a safely and effective therapy for neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis.

Resultados del cierre de la comunicación interventricular supracristal por vía transpulmonar / Result of transpulmonary closure of supracristal interventricular comunication

Entre noviembre de 1988 y marzo de 1993, 17 pacientes portadores de comunicación interventricular (CIV) supracristal (Conal) cuyas edades oscilaron entre 45 días y 6 años, fueron sometidos a cirugía correctora con circulación extracorpórea utilizando la vía de abordaje transpulmonar. La sobrevida quirúrgica y durante el seguimiento, cuyo tiempo promedio fue de 18,5 meses (rango 2-54 meses), es del 100 por ciento encontrándose los pacientes asintomáticos, libres de medicación, con ritmo sinusal y sin evidencias de cortocircuito residual. Solo un paciente presentó insuficiencia aórtica (IA) mínima, la que había sido detectada en el preoperatorio y que no requirió plástica valvular. El cierre temprano de la CIV supracristal previene la instalación de insuficiencia aórtica por elongación y prolapso de las cúspides valvulares aórticas. El abordaje transpulmonar es la vía de elección en el cierre quirúrgico de la CIV supracristal.