[Modern trends of preventive work in educational institutions].

In the national strategic documents of the Russian Federation's leading destination for health development in the coming years is preventive. In this connection it seems to be necessary to study the causes of the impairment of the formation of morphological and functional indices in today's schoolchildren, the establishment of controlled factors in educational institutions and the substantiation of the system of preventive measures for children and adolescents. The performed study of the physical development of Moscow schoolchildren revealed the discoordination of the morphofunctional development. Besides that there were revealed factor-forming morphofunctional state in children and adolescents. The results of performed studies allowed us to formulate preventive recommendations aimed at optimization of the morphofunctional state of the organism of schoolchildren.

[The functional state of the organism of 8- 16 years old schoolchildren residing in Moscow and Kiev].

An assessment of the functional state of the organism in 2929 Moscow and 2043 Kiev schoolchildren aged 8 - 16 years. It was shown that in terms of main physiometric indices ofphysical development Moscow and Kiev children 8 - 16 years differ from each other There were established statistically significant difference in the force capacities: in Kiev children aged 8 - 9 years muscle strength was significantly higher than that of their peers in Moscow. The force capacities of 10 - 14 year old girls and 16 - year old boys residing in Kiev were acknowledged to be significantly lower than that of in children of the same age residing in Moscow. Respiratory capacities in Kiev schoolchildren in all age and gender groups were significantly lower than in Muscovites of the same age. It was suggested to activate preventive measures aimed at increasing the functional capacities of the cardio-respiratory system, in the first place for the children - residents of Kiev.

[Hygienic evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on the functional indices of schoolchildren].

Muscle strength of the hands (carpal dynamometry)--is an integral indicator of the functional state of the nervous and muscular systems of the child, as well as the index of fitness and stamina. The drop in functional indices of children has been noted by many researchers from different regions of Russia. In this study, an analysis of endogenous and exogenous factors in children and adolescents with different muscle strength has been performed. The level of the biological development, especially in adolescence, was found to have a significant impact on the muscle strength. The reduction in muscle strength in pupils is due to exogenous factors, such as low physical activity, high study loads.

[The main mechanisms of morphofunctional development of children and adolescents in modern conditions].

In modern social economic and ecologo-hygienic conditions of big cities all age groups of children and adolescents aged 8-15 years present a significant decrease of functional indicators (muscle force of the right hand) in comparison with their peers of 60s and 80s of the XX century. The similar findings occur in other regions and age groups. The analysis of the reasons of this phenomenon is one of key problems for researches.

[Guidelines for hygienic classification of learning technologies].

Optimization of the educational environment under the present-day conditions has been in progress, by using learning techwares (LTW) without fail. To organize and regulate an academic process in terms of the safety of applied LTW, there is a need for their classification. The currently existing attempts to structure LTW disregard hygienically significant aspects. The task of the present study was to substantiate a LTW safety criterion ensuring a universal approach to working out regulations. This criterion may be the exposure intensity determined by the form of organization of education and its pattern, by the procedure of information presentation, and the age-related peculiarities of a pupil, i.e. by the actual load that is presented by the product of the intensity exposure and its time. The hygienic classification of LTW may be used to evaluate their negative effect in an educational process on the health status of children and adolescents, to regulate hazardous factors and training modes, to design and introduce new learning complexes. The structuring of a LTW system allows one to define possible deleterious actions and the possibilities of preventing this action on the basis of strictly established regulations.

[Present-day sociomedical problems of orphans]. / Sovremennye mediko-sotsial'nye problemy detei-sirot.

The specific features of physical and mental development, health status, and lifestyle were found in orphans of sensitive age under the present socioeconomic conditions. The specific features of the adaptive capacities were first studied in these children. Abnormalities in the physical development and health status of orphans were shown to form under their institutional conditions of life, nutrition, and education, and upbringing. Guidelines for medical workers of orphan's institutions and for workers of sanitary-and-epidemiological service are substantiated.

[Approaches to the evaluation of the level of sanitary-epidemiological well-being of educational establishment for children and adolescents]. / Podkhody k otsenke urovnia sanitarno-épidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiia obrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdenii dlia detei i podrostkov.

A system of comprehensive assessment of the level of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of educational establishments is proposed for children and adolescents. Its significant criteria have been established. These included the organization of full-value, balanced and rational nutrition at the establishment; organization of the routine and an educational process. The hygienic assessment of the conditions, which was made by the presented scheme, adequately reflects the sanitary epidemiological situation at the orphans' institutions since it takes into account the main index of the sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare--the health status of their children and adolescents. There was a significant correlation between the physical development of orphans and the parameters of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare at the state institutions for this contingent (r = 0.689). The organization of nutrition at the institution (r = 0.703), the routine and the organization of an educational process (r = 0.689), the volume-planning and designing approaches (r = 0.687), the organization of physical education (r = 0.697), medical support at the institution (r = 0.688) exert the greatest impact on the physical development of children.