Reactive Lobular Panniculitis in the Setting of Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection.

ABSTRACT: Mpox, previously referred to as monkeypox, was recently deemed a public health emergency in 2022. Our understanding of potential secondary cutaneous manifestations in the setting of this infection is still evolving. We report a rare case of a man who presented with erythematous, painful subcutaneous nodules on his extremities in the setting of recent mpox infection. Biopsy of a lesion from the lower legs revealed a lobular panniculitis with lupus panniculitis-like features on pathology. He was ultimately diagnosed with a unique case of reactive panniculitis secondary to mpox.

Successful Treatment of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars With Systemic and Intralesional Dupilumab.

Keloids and hypertrophic scars negatively impact the quality of life for millions of people in the world. Unfortunately, though many thera-peutic approaches are used to treat scars, they are often limited in efficacy with high rates of recurrence. Lately, a better understanding of the immune dysregulation of several dermatologic conditions has led to the emergence of multiple cytokine-targeted therapies for numerous conditions. Several studies have implicated T helper 2 (Th2) immune dysregulation in the development of scars and keloids, with interleukins (IL)-4 and -13 identified as pro-fibrotic mediators. Dupilumab is an IL-4 receptor alpha antagonist that inhibits the ex-pression of both IL-4 and -13. Herein, we describe a 44-year-old woman who developed numerous disfiguring hypertrophic scars and keloids after suffering from a severe herpes zoster infection. Given the number of scars, intralesional corticosteroid injections were not feasible. Therefore, treatment with systemic dupilumab was initiated. Many scars flattened, several even developing a cigarette-paper-like texture due to rapid involution. The largest and most recalcitrant keloid was further treated with intralesional dupliumab injec-tions every 2 weeks with an even more dramatic improvement noted in 2 months. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treating multiple keloids and hypertrophic scars with both systemic and intralesional dupilumab. Dermatologists may want to consider treating keloids that cover a large area with systemic dupilumab, a therapy with an established, reassuring safety profile. The most recalcitrant areas may further benefit from concentrating dupilumab by intralesional delivery. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(12):1220-1222.  doi:10.36849/JDD.6385.

Granuloma annulare skin profile shows activation of T-helper cell type 1, T-helper cell type 2, and Janus kinase pathways.

BACKGROUND: Granuloma annulare (GA) is an inflammatory skin disorder. Localized GA is often self-resolving, but generalized GA is often recalcitrant to treatments. There are no targeted treatments for GA, largely due to lack of mechanistic understanding. Recently, tumor necrosis factor antagonism showed promise in GA, suggesting an underlying immune pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the immune pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets for GA. METHODS: Lesional and nonlesional skin biopsy samples were obtained from patients with GA and evaluated for a large array of inflammatory markers compared with inflammatory markers from normal skin of healthy individuals. RESULTS: We found differential expression of many inflammatory genes compared with normal skin. These genes were associated with T-helper (Th) cell type 1/innate immunity (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1ß, IL-12/23p40, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9/10), Janus kinase signaling, and Th2 (IL-4, IL-31, chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 17 and 18; P < .05). Unexpectedly, IL-4 showed significant upregulation in GA lesional skin vs control skin (15,600-fold change). LIMITATIONS: Limited sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings shed light on the inflammatory pathways of GA, supporting the notion that immune mechanisms could be driving disease, as suggested by the promising data of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in GA. The significant Janus kinase and particularly Th2 signaling in GA advocates for the investigation of specific Janus kinase- and Th2- targeted drug therapy.

A case of neonatal pemphigus vulgaris with co-existing BP180 autoantibodies.

A male neonate was born with blisters on the trunk to a 37-year-old primigravid woman with a past medical history of recurrent, painful, topical steroid-responsive oral blisters. The diagnosis of neonatal pemphigus was made after the neonate and mother were found to have elevated desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) antibodies in conjunction with histopathologic features of pemphigus vulgaris. Interestingly, both neonate and mother also had elevated levels of BP180 antibodies, classically seen in bullous pemphigoid. This case is unique in that it portrays neonatal pemphigus, an already rare condition, complicated by the presence of BP180 antibodies.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma localized to the left breast years after radiotherapy for breast cancer.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can involve the skin primarily or secondarily. Our case describes an unusual presentation of eruptive tumors localized to the leftbreast region several years following breast cancer surgery and radiation for carcinoma of the breast. This report highlights the challenges in reachingthe diagnosis of an aggressive systemic lymphoma presenting on the skin.

Treatment of recalcitrant granuloma annulare (GA) with adalimumab: A single-center, observational study.

BACKGROUND: Generalized or disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) is therapeutically challenging. Adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist, has recently been used to treat GA. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate adalimumab's efficacy in treating GA. METHODS: We identified 7 patients with physician-verified GA who were treated with adalimumab. Primary endpoints were improvements in GA Investigator Global Assessment score and body surface area. Secondary end points included erythema and induration improvement. RESULTS: Seven adults, ages 51 to 77 years, were included. All patients' GA Investigator Global Assessment scores improved by 2 or greater. We found significant improvements in body surface area, erythema, and induration (average improvements by 87%, 88%, and 95%, respectively). Two patients required increases in adalimumab frequency. Two others noted GA recurrence; 1 restarted adalimumab and cleared again. Adverse events were minimal. LIMITATIONS: Conclusions are limited because of small sample size and observational nature of the study. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adalimumab could be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for GA. It is a particularly attractive therapy for patients who have generalized or disseminated GA.

Xanthogranulomatous reaction to trametinib for metastatic malignant melanoma.

Trametinib, a mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor, has demonstrated great promise in treating metastatic melanoma associated with BRAF V600E and V600K mutations; however, it also is highly associated with cutaneous adverse events (AEs). As both BRAF and MEK inhibitors become increasingly used to treat malignant melanoma, it is important to better characterize these AEs so that we can manage them. Herein, we present a case of a 66-year-old man who developed erythematous scaly papules on the face and bilateral upper extremities after beginning therapy with trametinib. The severity of the reaction worsened on trametinib monotherapy compared to combination therapy with a BRAF inhibitor. Biopsy revealed a xanthogranulomatous reaction.

Early Onset of Clinical Improvement with Ixekizumab in a Randomized, Open-label Study of Patients with Moderate-to-severe Plaque Psoriasis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the speed of onset of clinical response to ixekizumab (IXE) and assess the progression of visible improvement in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Design: This was an interventional, randomized, open-label, Phase IIIb clinical trial. Setting: This was a single center study at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Participants: Twelve patients were randomized at a ratio of 1:1 to receive 80mg of ixekizumab every two (IXE Q2W) or four (IXE Q4W) weeks following a starting dose of 160mg of ixekizumab. After Week 12, all patients received 80mg IXE Q4W through Week 44. Measurements: Clinical response was measured using the Patient's Global Assessment (PatGA), the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), the static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA), and the Itch Numeric Rating Scale (Itch NRS). Sequential patient photographs were taken at regular intervals during the study to evaluate visible improvement in plaque psoriasis. Results: The median time to an improvement of at least 1 point or 2 points from baseline in PatGA score was 5.0 and 10.0 days for patients randomized to IXE Q2W and 6.0 and 13.5 days for patients randomized to IXE Q4W. All patients achieved at least a 50- or 75-percent improvement in PASI from baseline by Weeks 2 and 4, respectively. At least half of the patients achieved at least a 4-point improvement from baseline in Itch NRS by Day 14. Improvement in disease was visibly evident within one week of treatment in patient photographs. Conclusion: Ixekizumab results in a rapid and visible improvement in plaque psoriasis in as early as one week of treatment.