Ferulic acid esters of glucosylglucose from Allium macrostemon Bunge.

Three new ferulic acid esters of glucosylglucose, 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)-[ß- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-ß-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid A, 1), 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-{ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-4)-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)]}-[ß- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-ß-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid B, 2), and 1-O-(E)-feruloyl-{ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl (1-2)]}-[ß- d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)]-ß-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid C, 3) were isolated together with tuberonoid A (4), from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.

Tempol intake improves inflammatory status in aged mice.

Oxidative stress is associated with both healthy aging and age-related disease states. In connection with oxidative stress, immunity is also a major component as a result of the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with the development of tissue aging. Here we show that long-term treatment with the antioxidant tempol extends life-span in mice. Tempol-treated mice exhibited a reduction in mortality at 20 months. Tempol drinking did not have any effect on body weight, amount of visceral adipose tissue, or plasma biochemical parameters in aged mice. Body temperature of aged control mice (which drank only water) was significantly lower than young mice, but this reduction of body temperature was partially restored in aged mice which drank tempol. Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and C-reactive protein were significantly increased in the control aged mice compared with young mice, but levels of both were normalized by tempol drinking. One of the endogenous antioxidants, ascorbic acid, was significantly increased in the plasma of mice which consumed tempol. The proportion of CD4 lymphocytes in the blood of aged tempol-treated mice was partially increased in comparison to aged control mice. These results suggest that the reduction of mortality by tempol is due to amelioration of chronic inflammation and improved function of the immune system through antioxidant effects.

Ferulic-Acid Esters of Oligo-glucose from A-ilium macrostemon.

Two new ferulic acid esters of oligo-glucose, 1-Ο-(E)-feruloyl-ß--D-gentiobioside (1) and 1-Ο-(E)feruloyl-{ß-D-glucopyranosy (1->6)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl (I--2)]}-ß-D-glucopyranoside.(allimacronoid D, 2) were isolated together with 1-Ο-(E)-feruloyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3) and trans-ferulic acid (4) from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.