Growth traits of four maternal lines of rabbits founded on different criteria: comparisons at foundation and at last periods after selection.

The objective was to compare growth traits in four maternal lines of rabbits (A, V, H and LP), with the aim of understanding the consequence of the different foundation and selection processes on the growth performance of the lines. The lines are currently in the 43th, 38th, 22th and 8th generations, respectively. Two comparisons were performed. One compared the values of the lines at their foundation, using the complete data set, the full pedigree and a two-trait analysis, including data on the selection criteria, litter size. The other comparisons were done during the last period when all the lines were housed together with the same feeding and management. The numbers of records were 323 208 for weaning weight, and 300 553 for slaughter weight and average daily Gain (from 46 708 l). The pedigree file included 346 638 animals. The second analysis used only the data corresponding to each period, and the analysis was conducted using a one-trait model. The model was the same as that defined for the comparisons at the foundation, but the additive effects were excluded. The H and LP lines showed highest values for all the traits compared. In the last periods, a good agreement was observed between the estimated differences, computed with the complete model and data set, or computed with an incomplete model and only data from the comparison period. At last periods, the differences were smaller than at foundation. The importance of the correlated response in growth after selection for litter size at weaning or the importance of a non-programmed intramating selection for the growth traits can explain the changes since foundation.

Acute Kidney Injury and Urinary and Histopathological Disorders in Kidney Transplant Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The evidence in kidney transplant (KT) is limited, as there are scarce data about the histologic features in graft biopsies of these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of KTs with SARS-CoV-2 infection from August 28, 2020, to April 23, 2021. We collected the incidence of AKI and the presence of urinary and histopathological disorders. Both groups were compared (AKI vs no AKI). Immunohistochemical and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies were performed on the anatomopathological samples. RESULTS: In our study, 72 KTs had SARS-CoV-2 infection and, among them, 27 patients (35.1%) developed AKI related to increased severity and a worse evolution of the infection, defined by a greater presence of pneumonia (P < .001), hospitalization (P < .001), admission to the intensive care unit (P < .001), the need for ventilation support (P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (P < .001). In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia behaved as an independent predictor for AKI development (P = .046). No differences were observed between proteinuria a month before and after infection (P = .224). In addition, 5 patients showed microhematuria and 2 patients presented transient glycosuria without hyperglycemia. Of the 5 kidney biopsies performed, 1 biopsy (20%) showed positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS: AKI is a frequent and potentially serious complication in KT patients. Occasionally it could be accompanied by abnormalities in the urinary sediment. Of 5 biopsied patients, 1 patient had positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in renal tissue, which suggests the systemic spread of the virus and the tropism for the renal graft.

Effect of simplification from protease inhibitors to boosted atazanavir-based regimens in real-life conditions.

BACKGROUND: Atazanavir (ATV) boosted with ritonavir (ATV/r) is a potent, well-tolerated, once-daily protease inhibitor (PI). Few data are available on this agent as a treatment simplification option for patients taking other PIs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of ATV-containing regimens in patients who have simplified their antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: SIMPATAZ was a multicentre, prospective, noninterventional study in patients who had undetectable HIV RNA on their current PI-containing therapy and who were switched to an ATV/r-based regimen. Patients underwent a routine physical examination, and data were collected on HIV RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, liver function, lipid parameters, adverse reactions, adherence to treatment and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 183 patients were enrolled in the study and included in the analysis (80% were male, 29% had AIDS, and 52% were coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus). The median baseline CD4 count was 514 cells/µL. Median exposure to previous HIV therapy was 8 years, and 32% of patients had a history of PI failures. Lopinavir boosted with ritonavir was the most frequent PI replaced (62%) and tenofovir+lamivudine /emtricitabine the backbone most used during the study (29%). The study drug was discontinued early by 25 patients (14%), two of whom discontinued as a result of adverse events (Hodgkin lymphoma and vomiting). Two patients died (lung cancer and myocardial infarction). At month 12, 93% of the study population had an undetectable HIV RNA viral load. Hyperbilirubinaemia >3 mg/dL and increased alanine aminotransferase levels>200 IU/L were observed in 38.5% and 4.4% of patients, respectively. Median changes from baseline to month 12 in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were -13 mg/dL (-7%; P<0.0001), -19 mg/dL (-13%; P<0.0001) and -7 mg/dL (-6%; P=0.021), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world setting, switching from other PIs to ATV/r is a well-tolerated and safe option for improving the lipid profile and for retaining virological response in controlled pretreated patients.

Genetic variability of functional longevity in five rabbit lines.

The objectives of this study were to analyse the differences in the genetic determination of functional longevity in five Spanish lines of rabbits and to check how different systematic factors might affect this genetic determination. Four of the lines were maternal (lines A, V, H and LP), these lines were established selecting base generation animals according to different criteria, but in the subsequent generations all of them were selected for litter size at weaning. The other is the paternal line R, this line was constituted by selecting animals with an outstanding daily growth rate. The trait analysed, length of productive life, was the time in days between the date of the first positive pregnancy test and the date of culling or death of a doe. Four models extended from the Cox proportional hazard model were used to analyse data of each line separately and jointly. The complete model (Model 1) included the fixed effect of year-season (YS) combination, positive palpation order (OPP), that is, reproductive cycle, physiological status of the doe (PS) at service and number of kits born alive (NBA) in each kindling as time-dependent factors. The inbreeding coefficient was fitted as a continuous covariate and the animal's additive genetic effect was also fitted to the model (Model 1). The other models were identical to Model 1 but excluding OPP (Model 2) or PS (Model 3) or NBA (Model 4), which were explored to assess the consequence on additive variance estimates of not correcting for these animal-dependent factors. Estimated effective heritabilities of longevity were 0.07 ± 0.03, 0.03 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.09, 0.05 ± 0.04, 0.02 ± 0.01 and 0.04 ± 0.01 for lines A, V, H, LP, R and for the merged data set, respectively. Removing the PS from the model led to an increase in the estimated additive genetic variance in all lines (0.17 ± 0.05, 0.05 ± 0.03, 0.29 ± 0.19, 0.29 ± 0.20, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.05 ± 0.02 for lines A, V, H, LP, R and the merged data set, respectively). The highest hazard of death and/or culling was observed during the first two parities and decreased as the order of parity progressed. Does non-pregnant-non-lactating had the highest risk of death or culling. The does that had zero kits born alive incurred the highest risk, and this risk decreased as the NBA increased. In conclusion, the consideration of longevity as selection criterion for the studied rabbit lines is not recommended.

Effect of supplementation with fresh orange pulp (Citrus sinensis) on mortality, growth performance, slaughter traits and sensory characteristics in meat guinea pigs.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the partial replacement of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) with fresh orange pulp (Citrus sinensis) in a diet fed to guinea pigs on their mortality, growth performance, slaughter traits and sensory characteristics during the fattening period. A total of 450 guinea pigs were housed in collective pens of ~10 animals. Animals were divided into three groups: Control group (CG), supplied with fresh alfalfa as forage and treatment groups (G15 and G30), in which 15 and 30% of alfalfa was replaced by orange pulp, respectively. No significant differences were found between CG and G15 for traits studied. However, G30 showed the lowest values for growth and carcass traits. No significant differences were found for sensory characteristics. In conclusion, a moderate inclusion of orange pulp could contribute to diminishing dependence of alfalfa on guinea pig meat production.

Genetic analysis of meat quality traits in maternal lines of rabbit and their diallel cross.

Young rabbits, the dams of which came from a full diallel cross among four maternal lines (A, V, H and LP) and the sires from a single paternal line (R), that produce sixteen genetic groups, was carried out to evaluate the genetic groups and to estimate the crossbreeding genetic parameters of meat quality. The meat quality traits were recorded by NIRS from a sample of 285 longissimus lumborum muscles. Crossbreeding parameters were estimated according to Dickerson model. No differences in protein were found. The line A had significant differences with V line for intramuscular fat, and fatty acids groups. Significant differences for these traits appeared between the crossbred AH and VV (in favor of AH). As conclusion, the significant contrasts between genetic types for chemical composition of the meat are mainly consequence of direct-maternal genetic effects, having grandmaternal and maternal heterosis effects a less relevant role.

Coexistence of GH-Producing Pituitary Macroadenoma and Meningioma in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 with Hyperglycemia and Ketosis as First Clinical Sign.

We present the clinical case of a patient who was admitted with an onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) with associated ketosis and whose clinical, hormonal, and radiological evolution revealed the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, and GH-producing pituitary macroadenoma in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). DM is relatively common in cases of acromegaly, but it is not generally associated with ketosis. Simultaneously, the patient presented a meningioma, which is associated with pituitary macroadenoma only in extremely rare cases.

Crossbreeding effects on rabbit reproduction from four maternal lines of rabbits.

Litter size is essential for an efficient production of rabbit meat. A diallel cross between four maternal lines was carried out and the analysis of the components of litter size has been already done. This paper presents the analysis of litter size traits themselves (total born (TB), number born alive (NBA), number weaned (NW)) and kindling interval (KI), that complete the analysis of the reproductive performance. The 16 genetic groups were distributed in four Spanish farms. The V line was present in all farms in order to be used as reference group. A total of 34 546 parities from 7111 does, were analysed. The crossbreeding parameters were estimated according to Dickerson model. The differences between lines performance were of low magnitude and not significant for litter size traits. The LP line showed the shortest KI followed by H respect to lines A and V. These differences reflected the differences between direct and maternal genetic effects. The differences between the average of all crosses and line V were found to be significant and seemed to be important, being 0.46 for TB, 0.56 for NBA, 0.75 for NW and -2.21 days for KI. The differences between reciprocal crosses for litter size were of low magnitude and non-significant, which indicate that the maternal effects are not important between these lines. In general, the lines did not show significant differences in direct and maternal genetic effects for TB, NBA and NW but there were some significant differences for KI, which ranged from 1.54 to 6.85 days in direct effects and from 0.63 to 3.38 days for maternal effects. A positive and, in some cases, relevant heterosis was found. The largest heterosis was for TB in the HV cross (1.05 rabbits), followed by the AH (0.74 rabbits), AV (0.57 rabbits) and LH (0.55 rabbits) crosses. For NBA, significant heterosis was found in HV (1.11 rabbits) and AV (0.49 rabbits) and for NW in AV (0.90 rabbits), LH (0.70 rabbits) and LV (0.58 rabbits). Favourable and significant heterosis for KI was found in AV and LV crosses, whereas it was unfavourable in AL and in LH. The more recommended crosses were AV and LH, showing the greatest performances on NW, while the cross HV, which shows the greatest performances an NBA, could be highly recommended when cross-fostering is practised to equalise litter sizes after birth, in this situation the lower NW performance observed could be improved.

Superior vena cava syndrome during the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in an HIV-1 infected patient.

Tuberculosis is nowadays an uncommon cause of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). We report the case of an HIV-infected patient who presented with respiratory symptoms accompanied by cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Sputum examination showed acid-fast bacilli, and treatment was instituted with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. A few days later SVCS developed, presumably as a consequence of inflammatory lymphadenitis. With corticosteroids, all symptoms disappeared. To our knowledge, no cases of SVCS provoked by this kind of paradoxical reaction have been described previously.

[Sudden death in a 4-month-old infant associated with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery]. / Muerte súbita en un lactante de 4 meses asociada a origen anómalo de arteria coronaria izquierda.

We describe the autopsy findings of a 4 months-old boy, who died suddenly after an episode of high airway infection of 3 days time. Autopsy examination showed cardiomegaly (80 g) with widening of the left cavities and thick and white endocardial surface, besides a severe thinning of the cardiac apex at the level of the left ventricle. Left coronary origin was in the pulmonary artery trunk. Histologically, the myocardium shows endomyocardial fibroelastosis and also multiple and extensive areas of old and recent infarcts in the left ventricle. The collateral coronary arteries, were increased in number, and branches showed a marked intimal oedema and a reduction of the luminal diameter.

[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study of 7 cases]. / Carcinoma renal de células cromófobas: estudio inmunohistoquímico de siete casos.

UNLABELLED: A series of 7 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma with clinicopathological correlation is studied. The immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out evaluating in all cases: low and high cytoqueratines (AE1, AE3), membrane epithelial antigen (EMA), vimentin, carcinoembrionary antigen (CEA), proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the oncoproteins p53 and focal c-erbB2. In all cases a diffuse positivity for EMA, AE3 and focal for AE1 was observed, while vimentin and CEA were negative. The positivity for PCNA was always less than 25% of tumoral cells. The oncoprotein p53 was in all cases negative and only in one case a mild and focal positivity for c-erbB2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The negativity for vimentin and positivity for EMA, AE1 and AE3 allows to differentiate this carcinoma from clear cell carcinoma. This corroborate a distinct histogenesis, thus suggesting their origin in the intercalar cells of distal collector tubules. 2) The low values of PCNA and the negativity for both oncoproteins p53 and c-erbB2 supports the low aggresivity of this tumor and a better prognostic than other types of kidney carcinomas.

[Cesarean section in a patient with threatening hemoptysis caused by tracheal carcinoid]. / Cesárea a una paciente con hemoptisis amenazante por carcinoide traqueal.

A woman 29 weeks pregnant presented with acute respiratory insufficiency and massive hemoptysis of unknown origin. An emergency cesarean section was performed to avoid hypoxic fetal damage during episodes of maternal hypoxemia. Bleeding was due to an unsuspected endotracheal carcinoid tumor located near the carina. The tumor obstructed the distal portion of the trachea, leading to life-threatening complications during tracheal intubation because of its histological characteristics and placement. Pulse oximetry response to standard mechanical ventilation was unsatisfactory. Special measures to ventilate mother and fetus were successful, in spite of iatrogenic pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. We report an exceptional case of tracheal carcinoid tumor during the pregnancy and recommend that tracheal or bronchial intubation take place under fiber optic guidance in cases of hemoptysis with no firm etiologic diagnosis.

[Cardiac tamponade caused by aortic pseudoaneurysm with fistula in the right ventricle]. / Taponamiento cardíaco por pseudoaneurisma aórtico fistulizado a ventrículo derecho.

A 69-year-old woman, with an aortic replacement valve for rheumatic aortic insufficiency suffered a sudden cardiac tamponade caused by a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta which had its origin in the suture of the aorta performed 10 years earlier. The cardiac tamponade presented as syncope, absent central pulse, and respiratory failure. Hemodynamic variables recovered with early detection and start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers. After fluids were replaced and following catecholamine treatment, a transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a pseudoaneurysm and continuous flow between the aorta and the right ventricle. The aneurysm and an unusual right ventricular fistula were repaired surgically through an emergency exploratory sternotomy. Cardiovascular recovery was satisfactory although hospital discharge was delayed because of pulmonary complications leading to severe hypoxia, pleural effusion, and pneumonia, with tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp, and Aspergillus flavus. We stress that immediate start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation prevented multiorgan failure and allowed for satisfactory recovery from surgery in spite of the presence of risk factors for mortality.

Litter size components in a full diallel cross of four maternal lines of rabbits.

A crossbreeding experiment between 4 Spanish maternal lines of rabbits was performed to estimate crossbreeding effects on litter size components. The experiment was designed as a complete diallel cross involving 4 lines selected for litter size at weaning (A, V, H, and LP [L]) and their 12 simple crosses. Does from these 16 genetic groups were distributed among 4 Spanish farms, but only V line was present in all farms, allowing connectivity of the data. A total of 2,015 does in the third, fourth, or fifth gestations were subjected to laparoscopy. The recorded traits were ovulation rate (OR), number of implanted embryos (IE), total born (TB), embryo survival (ES), foetal survival (FS), and prenatal survival (PS). The differences in direct genetic effects, maternal genetic effects, and individual heterosis between the lines were estimated according to Dickerson's model. Line A was significantly inferior to lines V and H, whereas line LP was similar to A line, but for FS and PS, line A showed the best values, followed by line LP. Comparing crossbred groups to line V, significant differences were shown favoring crossbred groups for OR and IE. The crossbred groups presented high implantation rate, but the foetal survival was lower than in V line. Important values for commercial production were presented by some crosses for OR (HV, 1.26 ova), IE (AH, 1.50 embryos; HV, 1.41 embryos), and TB (AH, 0.82 rabbits; HV, 0.78 rabbits). Relevant and significant reciprocal effects were found, especially for OR in all cases except the LV and VL crosses. These differences become nonsignificant in most of the other traits. Regarding direct genetic effects, line A presented lower estimates than the other lines with important values for OR, but the opposite was observed for FS. The maternal effects were significant only for some contrasts in OR and revealed that the LP line was inferior to the others (1.08 ova compared to the A line, 1.23 compared to the H line, and 0.38 compared to the V line). In general, high positive values for heterosis were found in crossbred does for OR and IE. The crosses, where lines A and H were involved, showed significant heterosis. The highest values were obtained by crossing lines A and H (1.18 ova for OR, 1.87 embryos for IE) followed by the cross between lines H and V. Crosses between line LP and the other lines had a negative heterosis for FS and PS.

[Sepsis, cardiomyopathy and human immunodeficiency virus infection: presentation of a case]. / Sepsis, miocardiopatía e infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana: a propósito de un caso.

Sepsis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be associated with the appearance of cardiac dysfunction. This is a challenge, both when making the differential diagnosis and determining the proper treatment, as there are numerous risk factors: Myocarditis due to the HIV itself, the presence or absence of highly active antiretroviral therapy, toxic substances, and cardiomyopathy associated with sepsis. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to an HIV positive patient with septic shock and cardiac dysfunction is described, as well as a brief review of the different causes of cardiomyopathy which may affect this group of patients is also presented.

SU-E-T-290: Dosimetric Verification of Helical Tomotherapy against Experimental Measurements for Head and Neck Treatments.

PURPOSE: To verify a Tomotherapy plan for a typical head and neck treatment against experimental measurements. METHODS: The treatment plan for a head and neck case was generated by the Tomotherapy treatment planning system (TPS) to deliver ∼70 Gy in 33 sessions to the contoured PTV. The plan was calculated on a CIRS ATOM anthropomorphic phantom that provides a grid spacing of 3×3 cm2 holes to accommodate thermoluminescent detectors (TLD). The plan was verified against experimental measurements carried out by 7 LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-700) TLD. Up to 20 locations were selected within the irradiated region and three detectors were used simultaneously at each point to decrease the statistical uncertainty. TLD locations were labeled in the planning system and dose comparisons between TPS prediction and experimental measurements were performed in terms of absolute dose to water for a single fraction. We examined the dose from (i) the corresponding 3.5MV Tomo-scan alone and (ii) the complete treatment. TLD-700 were found to fulfill the requirements of reproducibility, linearity and flat energy response in a previous study. In particular, TLD energy response was previously checked for 6 MV flattening filter free and conventional radiation beams under reference conditions. RESULTS: Doses derived from the TPS were in most cases in good agreement (4% on average) with TLD dose measurements within TLD statistical uncertainties (about 3%). Larger discrepancies up to 7% were found for points close to complex tissue inhomogeneities, such as bony structures. Dose from the scanning procedure alone is about 1 % of the dose per fraction. CONCLUSIONS: This work indicates that dose delivery plans created with Tomotherapy TPS are accurate for head and neck tumor localizations.