Quantitative phytochemical profile, cholinesterase enzyme inhibition assay, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Sarcococca saligna.

Aqueous methanol extracts of Sarcococca saligna leaves and roots were used in this work to explore its phytochemical contents, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and antibacterial activities. Total phenolic contents were found to be in higher concentrations then total flavonoids contents in aqueous methanolic extracts of leaves. Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. In our findings both leaves and roots extracts were found to show substantial antioxidant potential. Aqueous methanolic extracts of both the leaves and roots gave significant inhibition against butyryl cholinesterase whereas against acetyl cholinesterase extracts of roots gave significant inhibition. The results were compared with the standard drug Eserine. The aqueous methanolic extract of leaves, roots and crude saponins isolated from leaf extracts gave moderate to significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains using agar disc diffusion method. According to the conclusions, S. saligna possesses significant antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antibacterial activities. Hence it is assumed that S. saligna has the potential to be used in the discovery and development of new bioactive compounds.

Antimicrobial activity of AgNO3 nanoparticles synthesized using Valeriana wallichii against ESKAPE pathogens.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant ESKAPE infections has emerged as a serious public health threat. Nosocomial infections are most often caused by ESKAPE bacteria. To combat multidrug-resistant ESKAPE, the research team used Valeriana Wallichii extracts and nanoparticles. The well diffusion technique was used to test antimicrobial activity on Muller Hinton agar medium. The FTIR, SEM and XRD techniques were used to characterize the nanoparticles synthesized in an environmentally benign manner. Both NPs performed better than extracts made with methanol and water in this investigation. The smallest zones of inhibition were shown against A. baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae, whereas the largest zones of inhibition were seen against E. faecium. However, NPs synthesized from shoot extracts exhibited remarkable effects against all MDR ESKAPE infections, with zones of inhibition of 23, 20, 12, 18, 22 and 14mm, respectively. Although E. faecium. had the largest inhibitory zone in both methanolic root and shoot extracts (19mm and 22mm, respectively), K. pneumonia and E. cloacae had the smallest zones when tested with these solvents. Water-based extracts inactivated multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our research show that extracts and nanoparticles have stronger antibacterial efficiency because biologically active substances including Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Phenol and Pholobutannins affect people and microbe.

Reconnoitering the sequence and structural analysis of Staphylococcus aureus "A" protein.

Background: The Staphylococcus aureus "A" protein plays an essential role in the pathogenicity and virulence of this bacterial species. To gain deeper insights into the protein's characteristics, we conducted an in-depth analysis of its sequence and structure. Objective: This study aimed to unravel the underlying genetic and structural components that contribute to the protein's functional properties. Results: Utilizing various bioinformatics tools and techniques, we first examined the protein's primary sequence, identifying key amino acid residues and potential functional domains. Additionally, we employed computational modeling and simulation approaches to determine the tertiary structure of the "A" protein. Through this comprehensive analysis, we discovered novel features and interactions within the protein's structure, shedding light on its potential mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we investigated the protein's evolutionary conservation and compared it with related proteins from other bacterial species. Conclusions: Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into the sequence and structure of the Staphylococcus aureus "A" protein, which may have implications for understanding its role in pathogenicity and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Bacteriocin producing microbes with bactericidal activity against multidrug resistant pathogens.

BACKGROUND: Bacteriocins are proteins or peptides synthesized by bacteria that show inhibitory or killing activities against various bacteria. Bacteriocins are mainly considered for effective alternatives to different commercial antibiotics, preservatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. OBJECTIVES: To screen and analyze novel bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the fermented food shidal for antibacterial activity against food pathogens and their molecular interactions studied through computationally. METHODS: In this study, a strain Lactobacillus plantarum LA21 was isolated from the fermented food shidal identified based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The potent bacterium was subjected to improve bacteriocins production and characterized. Antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined. The bacteriocin was treated with proteolytic enzymes, and the mechanism of action on food pathogens was analyzed. Molecular docking studies were carried out as GLIDE module in the maestro tool of Schrodinger Software. RESULTS: Bacteriocin was effective against pathogens such as Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, with the most negligible MIC value was detected in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the depleted viability of bacterial cells indicated bacteriocin-induced cell lysis in L. monocytogenes via bactericidal activity. In addition, proteolytic enzyme digested bacteriocins revealed bacteriocin-like substances. Finally, molecular docking was performed to study the interactions between the targets and bacteriocins, results in relative intense contact with minimally 3 Å distance. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic features of these bacteriocin-like molecules revealed that L. plantarum LA21 is a novel bacteriocin-producing bacterial strain to prepare novel antimicrobial drugs, feed additives or preservatives for future use in livestock and food industries.