Disulfide Bonds as Functional Tethers in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The functionality of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is often encoded by specific chemical moieties found within these architectures. As such, new techniques to install increasingly more complex functionalities in MOFs are regularly being reported in the literature. One such functional group is the disulfide bond. The redox behavior of this covalent linkage renders MOFs responsive to stimuli, often under reducing conditions. Here, we review examples in which disulfide-containing MOFs are deployed in applications including drug delivery, therapeutic ferroptosis, exfoliation, energy storage, sensing, and others.

Disulfide-Driven Pore Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Post-synthetic modification (PSM) imparts additional functionality to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that is often difficult to access using solvothermal synthesis. As such, expanding the repertory of PSM reactions available to the practitioner is of increased importance for the generation of materials tailored for desired applications. Herein, a method is described for the protecting group-free installation of diverse functional groups within the pores of a MIL-53(Al) analogue via disulfide bond formation. The majority of the reactions proceed with thiol-to-disulfide conversions ranging from high to nearly quantitative. The disulfide bonds are stable in various solvents and can be cleaved in the presence of a reducing agent.

CaRPE: the Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation tool for building climate mitigation scenarios on US agricultural lands.

The Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation (CaRPE) tool is a web-based interactive tool that integrates two databases for the USA collected at county/multi-county scales to visualize and estimate the climate benefits of implementing a variety of conservation practices on croplands and grazing lands. The COMET-Planner tool provides county/multi-county carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction coefficients associated with the adoption of climate-smart agricultural management practices. The CaRPE tool couples these coefficients, reported in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per acre per year, with county-level cropland and grazing land acres extracted from the US Agricultural Census. The CaRPE graphical user interface allows users to quickly and easily build and export scenarios of new conservation practice adoption on desired acreages and locations at state, regional or national scales. Results are in tonnes CO2e per year, and each scenario can be exported in tabular and map formats at the selected scales. Existing county-level cropland acreage data provide the upper boundaries for acres of adoption and can be modified based on specific goals established by the user.The output may be used to develop potential targets of adoption and help inform decisions related to resource prioritization and planning efforts. In collaboration with local experts and farmer-led organizations, the results can provide a key starting block to prioritize practices and areas that contribute to climate benefits. As the underlying databases and models are updated and improved, CaRPE can be revised accordingly to increase accuracy and enhance applicability. The CaRPE tool and the user guide are available at: Database URL: https://carpe.shinyapps.io/CarpeTool/.

Search performance of healthy adults on cancellation tests.

Cancellation tests are used extensively to identify visual search deficiencies in people with neurologic conditions, but little is known about how healthy adults perform on these tests. This study described the performance and types of search strategies used by healthy adults to complete cancellation tests from the Brain Injury Visual Assessment Battery for Adults. Study participants predominantly used structured left-to-right and top-to-bottom linear search patterns regardless of the configuration of the visual array. Other search qualities included (1) use of the same pattern throughout the search of an array, (2) symmetrical search of the array, and (3) rechecking performance on complex arrays. Older adult participants took more time to complete the tests than younger adults did. Knowing the strategies healthy adults use on cancellation tests enables therapists to identify visual search deficiencies in clients and design interventions to reestablish normal search strategies in daily occupations.