Protective Effect of Fluoride Varnish Containing Trimetaphosphate against Dentin Erosion and Erosion/Abrasion: An in vitro Study.

This in vitro study evaluated the protective effect of fluoride varnishes containing sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) against dentin erosion and abrasion. Specimens of coronal dentin were divided into: placebo, 2.5% NaF, 5% NaF, 2.5% NaF + 5% TMP, and 5% NaF + 5% TMP groups (n =24/group). After single application of the varnishes, the samples were immersed in citric acid (0.05 mol/L, pH = 3.2, 5 min) followed or not by brushing, and the dentin wear was assessed after 5 days. Varnishes containing fluoride + TMP led to the lowest wear. TMP varnishes showed a superior effect against dentin erosive wear.

Resin infiltration of early carious lesion in early childhood: a case report.

The treatment of white-spot lesions in infants and young children with early childhood caries is a challenge. The ideal management of the disease and subsequent remineralization of the lesions depend on the family's commitment to dietary behavior modifications to address the causes of the disease. If this proves ineffective or unlikely, resin infiltration has been developed to slow or arrest progression of white-spot lesions. In resin infiltration, the porous lesion body is penetrated by a special low-viscosity resin, blocking the diffusion of cariogenic acids into the lesion. This case report describes the use of a resin infiltrant to treat white-spot lesions in a 24-month-old boy with early childhood caries.

Effect of fluoride varnish supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel erosion and abrasion.

PURPOSE: To assess in vitro the effect on enamel erosion (ERO) and erosion followed by abrasion (ERO+ABR) of varnishes with different fluoride concentrations, supplemented or not with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP). METHODS: Bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into six groups according to the type of varnish used: placebo (no F), NaF 5%, NaF 2.5%, NaF 2.5% plus TMP 3.5%, NaF 2.5% plus TMP 5%, NaF 2.5% plus TMP 10%. Varnishes were tested for ERO and ERO+ABR, separately for 3 and 5 days. ERO was done by immersion in Sprite Zero (5 minutes, 4x/day), while ERO+ABR was performed by brushing for 15 seconds after each erosive challenge. Enamel wear (microm) and cross-sectional hardness (AKHN) were assessed after the experimental periods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient (P< 0.05). RESULTS: Varnishes supplemented with TMP promoted significantly lower wear and hardness loss when compared to the other treatments in all conditions studied (P< 0.05). Similar wear rates were observed for the placebo, NaF 2.5% and NaF 5% varnishes (P> 0.05). Greater wear was observed after 5 days of ERO and ERO+ABR when compared with 3 days (P< 0.05). Positive and significant correlations were found between enamel wear and AKHN. No dose-response relationship was found between TMP concentration and wear and hardness. It was concluded that fluoride varnishes supplemented with TMP had a higher protective effect against ERO and ERO+ABR, which was associated with a reduction in enamel softening.

Penetration of resin-based materials into initial erosion lesion: A confocal microscopic study.

The application of resin-based materials is an alternative of treatment for eroded lesions. Nevertheless, there are no studies about the penetration of these materials into eroded lesion, which might affect its adhesion. Therefore, this study evaluated the penetration of four resin-based materials, with and without enamel etching. By using an in vitro protocol, types of treatment were studied at five levels (AdheSE(®) , Tetric N-Bond(®) , Single Bond 2(®) , Helioseal Clear(®) , Icon(®) ) and types of enamel etching in two levels (with and without). Materials were stained with 0.02 mg/mL ethanolic solution of tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Bovine enamel samples (4 × 4 mm) were immersed in 0.01 M HCl, pH 2.3, for 30 seconds to produce initial eroded lesions. Afterward, the materials were applied on half of sample enamel surface following the manufacturer's instructions. On the other half of sample, the materials were applied without etching the enamel. Materials penetration into the enamel was assessed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy on reflection and fluorescence modes. The penetration depth (PD) was measured using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P < 0.05). Regardless of the material, etched enamel resulted in higher PD than non-etched (P < 0.05). Icon(®) showed the highest PD in enamel followed by Helioseal Clear(®) (P < 0.05), with significant difference between them (P < 0.05) and no difference was found among AdheSE(®) , Tetric N-Bond(®) , and Single Bond 2(®) (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that prior enamel etching increased the materials penetration into eroded enamel and the Icon(®) -infiltrant presented highest penetration.

Histologic evaluation of the use of membrane, bone graft, and MTA in apical surgery.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the periapical healing after the use of membrane, bone graft, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in apical surgery of dogs' teeth. Apical lesions were induced in 48 roots of 6 dogs after coronal access and pulpal removal. Apical surgery consisted of osteotomy with trephine bur for the standardization of the critical surgical cavities, followed by apicoectomy, curettage, preparation of the root-end cavities with the aid of the ultrasonic device, and retrofilling with MTA. The surgical sites were divided into: group 1-filled with blood; group 2-filled with blood and recovered with membrane; group 3-filled with bone graft; and group 4-filled with bone graft and recovered with membrane. The results showed that the inflammatory infiltrate, the periapical healing process, and the behavior of MTA was the same in all groups, including the mineralization stimulation. It was concluded that the use of membranes and bone graft materials isolated or associated in apical surgery did not alter the periapical healing process after the root-end filling with MTA.

Efeito de agentes fluoretados e suplementados com trimetafosfato de sódio sobre a erosão e abrasão do esmalte dentário bovino: estudos in situ e ex vivo / Effect of fluoridated agents supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate on erosion and abrasion of bovine dental enamel: studies in situ and ex vivo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in situ/ex vivo a ação de agentes fluoretados e suplementados com trimetafosfato de sódio (TMP) sobre a erosão (ERO) associada ou não a abrasão (ERO+ABR) de esmalte dentário bovino. O 1º capitulo abordou o efeito de dentifrícios de diferentes concentrações de fluoreto (F) suplementados com TMP sobre a ERO e ERO+ABR do esmalte. Os voluntários (n=15) foram aleatoriamente divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com os dentifrícios: placebo, 1100 μg F/g, 1100 μg F/g + 3% TMP, 500 μg F/g + 3%TMP e 5000 μg F/g. Os voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos contendo 4 blocos de esmalte organizados em duas fileiras que correspondiam a ERO e ERO+ABR. Os blocos foram submetidos a desafio ácido com Coca-Cola® (pH 2,6) por 5 minutos 4x/dia, por 7 dias. Em metade dos blocos (ERO) foi aplicada uma suspensão do dentifrício utilizado em cada etapa, durante 15 segundos, enquanto a outra metade (ERO+ABR) dos blocos foi submetida à abrasão (escovação por 15 segundos). Foram verificados o desgaste (μm) e a dureza final (SHf). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a 2 critérios seguido pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Foi observado desgaste significativamente menor para os grupos 500 μgF /g + TMP3% e 5000 ug F/g em comparação aos demais grupos em ERO e ERO+ABR (p<0,05). Quanto à SHf, valores significativamente maiores foram observados para o grupo 5000 ugF/g, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os demais grupos, com exceção do placebo, em ERO e ERO+ABR (p<0,05). No 2º capítulo foram utilizados vernizes fluoretados e um verniz com concentração reduzida de F suplementado com TMP. Os voluntários (n=10) foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com os vernizes: placebo, NaF 5%, NaF 2,5%, NaF 2,5% + TMP 3%. Os voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos semelhantes aos descritos para o Capítulo 1. Os blocos foram imersos em ácido cítrico (0,05 M, pH 3,2) por 5 minutos 4x/dia, por 5 dias, sendo os blocos tratados...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ/ex vivo fluoridated agents supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on bovine enamel erosion (ERO) with or without abrasion (ERO+ABR). The 1st chapter addressed the effect of dentifrices with different fluoride (F) concentrations supplemented with TMP on ERO and ERO+ABR. Subjects (n=15) were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to the dentifrices: placebo, 1100 μg F/g, 1100 μg F/g + 3% TMP, 500 μg F/g + 3% TMP and 5000 μg F/g. The volunteers wore palatal appliances containing four enamel blocks arranged in two rows corresponding to ERO and ERO+ABR. All blocks were subjected to acid challenge with Coca-Cola® (pH 2.6) for 5 minutes 4x/ day, for 7 days. Half of the blocks (ERO) was exposed to a slurry of the dentifrice used in each phase for 15 seconds, while the other half of the blocks (ERO+ABR) was subjected to abrasion (brushing for 15 seconds) using the same slurry. Enamel wear (μm) and final surface hardness (SHf) were assessed after the experimental periods. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). Significantly lower wear values were observed for groups 500 μg F/g + 3 %TMP and 5000 μg F/g in comparison to other groups for ERO and ERO+ABR (p<0.05). Concerning SHf, significantly higher values were observed for the group 5000 μg F/g, with no significant differences among the other groups except the placebo for both ERO and ERO+ABR (p <0.05). In the 2nd chapter the protective effect of varnishes with different F concentrationns as well as a F varnish supplemented with TMP were assessed. Volunteers (n=10) were randomly divided into four groups according to the varnishes: placebo, 5% NaF, 2.5% NaF, 2.5% NaF + 3% TMP. The volunteers wore palatal appliances similar to those described for Chapter 1. The blocks were immersed in citric acid (0.05 M, pH 3.2) for 5 minutes 4x/ day for 5 days, being treated with F-free dentifrice slurry as described in Chapter 1...

Efeito de agentes fluoretados e suplementados com trimetafosfato de sódio sobre a erosão e abrasão do esmalte dentário bovino: estudos in situ e ex vivo / Effect of fluoridated agents supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate on erosion and abrasion of bovine dental enamel: studies in situ and ex vivo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in situ/ex vivo a ação de agentes fluoretados e suplementados com trimetafosfato de sódio (TMP) sobre a erosão (ERO) associada ou não a abrasão (ERO+ABR) de esmalte dentário bovino. O 1º capitulo abordou o efeito de dentifrícios de diferentes concentrações de fluoreto (F) suplementados com TMP sobre a ERO e ERO+ABR do esmalte. Os voluntários (n=15) foram aleatoriamente divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com os dentifrícios: placebo, 1100 μg F/g, 1100 μg F/g + 3% TMP, 500 μg F/g + 3%TMP e 5000 μg F/g. Os voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos contendo 4 blocos de esmalte organizados em duas fileiras que correspondiam a ERO e ERO+ABR. Os blocos foram submetidos a desafio ácido com Coca-Cola® (pH 2,6) por 5 minutos 4x/dia, por 7 dias. Em metade dos blocos (ERO) foi aplicada uma suspensão do dentifrício utilizado em cada etapa, durante 15 segundos, enquanto a outra metade (ERO+ABR) dos blocos foi submetida à abrasão (escovação por 15 segundos). Foram verificados o desgaste (μm) e a dureza final (SHf). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a 2 critérios seguido pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Foi observado desgaste significativamente menor para os grupos 500 μgF /g + TMP3% e 5000 ug F/g em comparação aos demais grupos em ERO e ERO+ABR (p<0,05). Quanto à SHf, valores significativamente maiores foram observados para o grupo 5000 ugF/g, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os demais grupos, com exceção do placebo, em ERO e ERO+ABR (p<0,05). No 2º capítulo foram utilizados vernizes fluoretados e um verniz com concentração reduzida de F suplementado com TMP. Os voluntários (n=10) foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com os vernizes: placebo, NaF 5%, NaF 2,5%, NaF 2,5% + TMP 3%. Os voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos semelhantes aos descritos para o Capítulo 1. Os blocos foram imersos em ácido cítrico (0,05 M, pH 3,2) por 5 minutos 4x/dia, por 5 dias, sendo os blocos tratados...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ/ex vivo fluoridated agents supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on bovine enamel erosion (ERO) with or without abrasion (ERO+ABR). The 1st chapter addressed the effect of dentifrices with different fluoride (F) concentrations supplemented with TMP on ERO and ERO+ABR. Subjects (n=15) were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to the dentifrices: placebo, 1100 μg F/g, 1100 μg F/g + 3% TMP, 500 μg F/g + 3% TMP and 5000 μg F/g. The volunteers wore palatal appliances containing four enamel blocks arranged in two rows corresponding to ERO and ERO+ABR. All blocks were subjected to acid challenge with Coca-Cola® (pH 2.6) for 5 minutes 4x/ day, for 7 days. Half of the blocks (ERO) was exposed to a slurry of the dentifrice used in each phase for 15 seconds, while the other half of the blocks (ERO+ABR) was subjected to abrasion (brushing for 15 seconds) using the same slurry. Enamel wear (μm) and final surface hardness (SHf) were assessed after the experimental periods. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). Significantly lower wear values were observed for groups 500 μg F/g + 3 %TMP and 5000 μg F/g in comparison to other groups for ERO and ERO+ABR (p<0.05). Concerning SHf, significantly higher values were observed for the group 5000 μg F/g, with no significant differences among the other groups except the placebo for both ERO and ERO+ABR (p <0.05). In the 2nd chapter the protective effect of varnishes with different F concentrationns as well as a F varnish supplemented with TMP were assessed. Volunteers (n=10) were randomly divided into four groups according to the varnishes: placebo, 5% NaF, 2.5% NaF, 2.5% NaF + 3% TMP. The volunteers wore palatal appliances similar to those described for Chapter 1. The blocks were immersed in citric acid (0.05 M, pH 3.2) for 5 minutes 4x/ day for 5 days, being treated with F-free dentifrice slurry as described in Chapter 1...