RESUMO
Reduction in corneal transparence leading to the loss of sight may be caused by different factors, such as eye burns and injuries, keratitis, corneal ulcers, primary and secondary dystrophy, keratoconus, and keratoglobus. In many cases, keratoplasty presents an effective treatment. S. N. Fyodorov made a great contribution to the development of cornea replacement. This was him who placed the entire ophthalmology, including keratoplasty, at the microsurgical level, suggested the use of large-diameter grafts, and was the initiator of establishing the first Eye Tissue Bank. Perfection of microsurgical technique, selection and protection of the graft, as well as new approaches to pre- and postoperation therapy have provided transparent engrafting in 35 to 95%. Presently, Eye Microsurgery Complex is the only Russian institution where the problem of cornea replacement is being worked out as a scientific and practical issue. Three models of keratoprosthesis have been developed: Fyodorov-Zuyev model for implantation into a burn leukoma, Moroz-Glazko model for implantation into a dystrophic leukoma, and a "grid" for implantation into a leukoma of any etiology.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Doenças da Córnea/cirurgia , Transplante de Córnea/tendências , Oftalmologia/tendências , Implantação de Prótese/tendências , Centros Cirúrgicos/tendências , Transplante de Córnea/métodos , Humanos , Desenho de Prótese , Implantação de Prótese/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Cadaveric human cornea transplantation is impossible without a specialized tissue donor service, Eye Tissue Bank. An original medical technological system of Eye Tissue Bank was developed at Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, a federal state institution. The system is still unique in the world; it is grounded upon the concept of the pharmacological protection of the graft and is oriented towards prevention of energodeficiency both in donor cornea and in the recipient's organism at all stages from the selection and preservation of cadaveric material till postoperative pharmacological correction of the recipient. The working experience of Eye Microsurgery Complex has shown the significance of the developed medical technological system for clinical ophthalmology and rehabilitation of the blind and patients with impaired vision in Russian Federation.