Yersinia pestis Surface Antigens in Reception of Specific Bacteriophages.

The significance of Yersinia pestis surface antigens in adhesiveness to specific bacteriophages has been studied with the use of two methodological approaches. It was shown that Ail protein immobilized on the surface of polystyrene microspheres (but not in the solution), can bind both the Pokrovskaya phage and pseudotuberculous diagnostic phage. YapF autotransporter interacted with both phages in a water-soluble form, but YapF bound to polystyrene microspheres interacted only with the Pokrovskaya phage. An assumption was made that Ail and YapF proteins can be the primary receptors providing non-specific reversible binding to the phages used in this work.

[A non-invasive method of evaluation of Helicobacter pylori urease activity: its perfection and introduction to clinical practice].

The authors have developed a highly sensitive method of non-invasive diagnostics of Helicobacter pylori, the most frequent human infection. Detection of urease activity is based upon measurement of the degree of the elevation of stable 13C isotope content in exhaled air after administration of C-urea as a test reagent. The method has been scarcely applied in Russia because the test preparation, 13C urea had not been produced domestically until 2002. The method can be easily applied by any healthcare institution; however, it requires special equipment and trained personnel to perform measurement of 13C content in exhaled air samples using mass spectrometers. The article presents the first experience in clinical application of the method.

[Use of beta 1-adrenostimulants in circulatory failure in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases]. / Primenenie beta 1-adrenostimuliatorov pri nedostatochnosti krovoobrashcheniia u bol'nykh s khronicheskimi vospalitel'nymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

In 34 patients with chronic cor pulmonale, the drugs from a group of beta-adrenostimulants, nonachlazinum and oxyphedrinum, were tested for effects on their hemodynamics, pulmonary ventilation function, blood gas composition and acid-base balance. In patients with circulatory failure due to lung diseases, nonachlazinum and oxyphedrinum were found to exert a pronounced positive intropic action, to contribute to an increase in cardiac output. The agents may be included into the multimodality therapy of patients with decompensated chronic cor pulmonale.

[The cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase system of the liver and interleukin-1 production by the macrophages in adjuvant arthritis in rats under the influence of beta-carotene]. / Tsitokhrom P-450-zavisimaia monooksigenaznaia sistema pecheni i produktsiia interleikina-1 makrofagami pri ad''iuvantnom artrite u krys pod vliianiem beta-karotina.

A relationship between the production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) by macrophages from adjuvant-induced arthritic rats and cytochrome P-450-dependent hepatic microsomal monooxygenase was studied. The synthesis of IL-1 by splenic and peritoneal macrophages on day 17 postadjuvant treatment was not altered, but the hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels and monooxygenase activity were significantly decreased. Beta-carotene treatment of arthritic rats reduced hind paw swelling and concurrently stimulated the ability of macrophages to secrete IL-1 and increased the cytochrome P-450 levels and the activity of hepatic monooxygenase. The findings did not establish a definite relationship between the production of IL-1 by systemic macrophages on the one hand, and the hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels a and monooxygenase activity on the other hand. It thus appears that IL1 is unable to play a role of a mediator between the immune system and the hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.

[Effect of various infusion media and solutions on the kallikrein-kinin system of human plasma]. / Deistvie nekotorykh infuzionnykh sred i rastvorov na kallikrein-kininovuiu sistemu plazmy krovi cheloveka.

Activities of prekallikrein and Hageman factor (factor XII) were studied in some natural and artificial infusion media: polyglukine, rheoglumane, gemodes, polypher, gelatinol, saline; in solutions for parenteral nutrition--hydrolysate of casein, aminopeptide, aminokrovine, glucose solutions as well as in 10% NaCl and novocain. All the solutions studied did not affect the purified preparations of prekallikrein, but some of them activated partially purified preparations of Hageman factor. However, all these solutions, except of Ringer solution, activated Hageman factor and prekallikrein in human blood serum. Activation of prekallikrein appears to occur via the active form of Hageman factor. Among the solutions studied casein hydrolysate, 5% glucose, gelatinol and novocain exhibited the highest stimulating effect on Hageman factor and prekallikrein. Possible mechanisms of the activation are discussed.

[The mechanism of activation of kallikrein-kinin system in the plasma of patients with atopic allergic diseases]. / Mekhanizm aktivirovaniia kallikrein-kininovoi sistemy plazmy krovi u bol'nykh atopicheskimi allergicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Data early obtained on activation of the kallikrein-kinin system in acute forms of pollinosis and urticaria were corroborated in vitro. These experiments exhibited enzymatic activation of Hageman factor and prekallikrein using "liberator", obtained after incubation of the leukocyte fraction enriched with basophils and specific allergen. I ml of the "liberator" containing 10(7) cells activated Hageman factor up to 12-20 mU per min (evaluated by BAEE-esterase activity of the kallikrein developed) as well as kallikrein activity was increased up to 80-130 mU within 1.5-2 hrs of incubation. The Hageman factor was distinctly inactivated after long-term incubation with the "liberator".

[Pneumocystis carinii infection in a pediatric tuberculosis hospital]. / Pnevmotsistoz v detskom tuberkuleznom statsionare.

An outbreak of pneumocytosis in a children's tuberculosis hospital was analyzed. The infection was characterized by few signs and favourable progress. Antibiotic therapy failed. To eliminate the outbreak of pneumocystosis in the hospital it was necessary to detect all the children with pneumocystosis and carriers of pneumocysts among the patients and medical staff, to use furazolidone for etiotropic treatment of the patients with pneumocystosis and to perform one-stage sanation of the carriers with antiparasitic agents.

[Comparative study of the effect of vitamin B12 coenzymes on monooxygenase system and lipid peroxidation in the liver of rabbits poisoned with phenylhydrazine]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie vliianiia kofermentnykh form vitamina B12 na monooksigenaznuiu sistemu i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v pecheni krolikov pri otravlenii fenilgidrazinom.

Distinct activation of lipid peroxidation, reduction in N-demethylation of dimethyl aniline and in NADPH-dependent electron transport chain were observed in liver microsomes of rabbits poisoned with phenyl hydrazine. Methylcobalamine and adenosyl-cobalamine, two coenzyme forms of vitamin B12, were firstly shown to serve as modulators of the monooxygenase system, whereas methyl-cobalamine proved to be inductor and adenosylcobalamine-repressor of the system. Administration of methylcobalamine into the poisoned rabbits stimulated much higher the activities of dimethyl aniline N-demethylase, aniline p-hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450- and NODH-cytochrome b5 reductases as compared with normal state, while adenosylcobalamine inhibited the reduction of all the monooxygenase system patterns studied. At the same time, both these coenzymes contributed to normalization of lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes of poisoned rabbits.

[State of the kinin system in burn shock and early toxemia]. / Sostoianie kininovoi sistemy pri ozhogovom shoke i rannei toksemii

State of kinin system was studied in blood serum of patients with burns of II, III, IIIb and IV degrees during shock and early toxemia. Content or activity of main components of kinin system (kininogen, kallikreinogen, kallikrein, kininase I (carboxypeptidase N)) were repeatedly estimated at 4-6 hrs intervals; BAEE-esterase and antitryptic activities were also studied within 48-72 hrs after the trauma. At the same period plasminogen and plasmin were estimated in 8 patients. The activation of kinin system in burn shock was demonstrated: content of kininogen was decreased on 30-50% (independently on alteration of total protein in blood serum), the kininase activity was decreased, appearance of free kallikrein was observed and content of kallikreinogen was distinctly lowered already within 10-24 hrs after the trauma. Within 24 hrs after the burn the total decrease of kininogen in circulation accounted for 50-70% of the theoretical content. Fibrinolytic system was also activated during the burn shock. Increase in the antitryptic activity within 30-40 hrs after the trauma, which was previously established, is corroborated; the effect correlated with development of burn intoxication. The data obtained suggest that massive production of free kinins occur apparently within 24-48 hrs after burn.

[Effect of a polyvalent proteinase inhibitor from the lungs of a bull on the state of the kinin system in burn shock and acute burn toxemia]. / Vliianie polivalentnogo ingibitora proteinaz iz legkikh byka na sostoianie kininovoi sistemy pri ozhogovom shoke i ostroi ozhogovoi toksemii.

Effect of a polyvalent inhibitor of proteinases from bovine lungs (industrial preparation -- ingitrile, commercial grade -- conntrical) on the state of kinin system was studied in blood serum of patients with extensive burns at shock periods and in acute burn toxemia. Decrease in content of kallikreinogene, which is typical for shock and acute, toxemia and which reflects the activation of kallikrein-kinin system, was less distinct in patients, treated with the inhibitor, than in patients, which were not treated with ingitrile. The early and rapid restoration in kininogene content and distinct inhibition of the total arginine-esterase activity were observed in blood serum after treatment with the inhibitor. The inhibitor did not affect the phase alterations in the carboxypeptidase N activity within the first 3 days after the burns; the distinct decrease in the enzymatic activity was confirmed within the first period of the burn shock. Within 24-48 hrs after the burns content of alpha1-antitrypsin was distinctly increased in patients treated with ingitrile as compared with the untreated group. The data obtained suggest that the polyvalent proteinase inhibitor causes a decrease in activity of the kallikreinkinin system in blood plasma and affects the enzymes participating indirectly in formation of kinins in burned patients. The data obtained are in agreement with the distinct clinical effect of the inhibitor. The doses of the inhibitor used in these studies did not cause normalizing effect on the activity of the kinin system components and on the clinical state of patients only in extremely severe cases of burn shock and in acute burn toxemia with letal outcome within the few days after the injury.