Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 30
Filtrar
1.
Cell ; 144(4): 601-13, 2011 Feb 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21295337

RESUMO

Understanding the factors that impede immune responses to persistent viruses is essential in designing therapies for HIV infection. Mice infected with LCMV clone-13 have persistent high-level viremia and a dysfunctional immune response. Interleukin-7, a cytokine that is critical for immune development and homeostasis, was used here to promote immunity toward clone-13, enabling elucidation of the inhibitory pathways underlying impaired antiviral immune response. Mechanistically, IL-7 downregulated a critical repressor of cytokine signaling, Socs3, resulting in amplified cytokine production, increased T cell effector function and numbers, and viral clearance. IL-7 enhanced thymic output to expand the naive T cell pool, including T cells that were not LCMV specific. Additionally, IL-7 promoted production of cytoprotective IL-22 that abrogated liver pathology. The IL-7-mediated effects were dependent on endogenous IL-6. These attributes of IL-7 have profound implications for its use as a therapeutic in the treatment of chronic viral diseases.


Assuntos
Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/fisiologia , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Interleucina-7/imunologia , Camundongos , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Proteína 3 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocinas , Proteínas Supressoras da Sinalização de Citocina/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/imunologia
2.
PLoS Pathog ; 8(4): e1002636, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22511868

RESUMO

Although treatment with interleukin-7 (IL-7) was shown to transiently expand the naïve and memory T-cell pools in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is uncertain whether a full immunologic reconstitution can be achieved. Moreover, the effects of IL-7 have never been evaluated during acute HIV-1 (or SIV) infection, a critical phase of the disease in which the most dramatic depletion of CD4(+) T cells is believed to occur. In the present study, recombinant, fully glycosylated simian IL-7 (50 µg/kg, s.c., once weekly for 7 weeks) was administered to 6 rhesus macaques throughout the acute phase of infection with a pathogenic SIV strain (mac251); 6 animals were infected at the same time and served as untreated controls. Treatment with IL-7 did not cause clinically detectable side effects and, despite the absence of concomitant ART, did not induce significant increases in the levels of SIV replication except at the earliest time point tested (day 4 post-infection). Strikingly, animals treated with IL-7 were protected from the dramatic decline of circulating naïve and memory CD4(+) T cells that occurred in untreated animals. Treatment with IL-7 induced only transient T-cell proliferation, but it was associated with sustained increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, persistent expansion of all circulating CD8(+) T-cell subsets, and development of earlier and stronger SIV Tat-specific T-cell responses. However, the beneficial effects of IL-7 were not sustained after treatment interruption. These data demonstrate that IL-7 administration is effective in protecting the CD4(+) T-cell pool during the acute phase of SIV infection in macaques, providing a rationale for the clinical evaluation of this cytokine in patients with acute HIV-1 infection.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-7/farmacologia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/tratamento farmacológico , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/metabolismo , Doença Aguda , Animais , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/virologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-1/metabolismo , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/imunologia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/metabolismo , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/imunologia
3.
Blood ; 120(24): 4882-91, 2012 Dec 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23012326

RESUMO

Delays in immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are associated with increased risks of infection and relapse. IL-7 has a central role in T-cell development and survival and enhances immune recovery in murine models of allo-HSCT. We performed a phase 1 trial of r-hIL-7 (CYT107) in recipients of T-cell depleted allo-HSCTs. Twelve patients were treated with escalating doses of r-hIL-7 administered weekly for 3 weeks. The study drug was well tolerated with only one patient developing acute skin GVHD. At baseline, patients were profoundly lymphopenic. CYT107 induced a doubling in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. The main effect of IL-7 was an expansion of effector memory T cells, the predominant subset identified in our patients. There was no significant effect on CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells, NK, or B cells. Importantly, we not only saw quantitative increases in T cells after a short course of IL-7 but also demonstrated an increase in functional T cells, including viral-specific T cells that recognize CMV. Enhanced TCR diversity was also observed after treatment. Our results indicate that r-hIL-7 can enhance immune recovery after a T cell-depleted allo-HSCT without causing significant GVHD or other serious toxicity (www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00684008).


Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Terapia Combinada , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Rearranjo Gênico do Linfócito T , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hematológicas/imunologia , Humanos , Interleucina-7/genética , Interleucina-7/farmacocinética , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/imunologia , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinética , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
J Infect Dis ; 206(4): 606-16, 2012 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22693226

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Secondary hospital-acquired fungal infections are common in critically-ill patients and mortality remains high despite antimicrobial therapy. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent immunotherapeutic agent that improves host immunity and has shown efficacy in bacterial and viral models of infection. This study examined the ability of IL-7, which is currently in multiple clinical trials (including hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus), to improve survival in a clinically relevant 2-hit model of fungal sepsis. METHODS: Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture to induce peritonitis. Four days later, surviving mice had intravenous injection with Candida albicans. Following Candida infection, mice were treated with IL-7 or saline control. The effect of IL-7 on host immunity and survival was recorded. RESULTS: IL-7 ameliorated the loss of immune effector cells and increased lymphocyte functions, including activation, proliferation, expression of adhesion molecules, and interferon-γ production. These beneficial effects of IL-7 were associated with an increase in global immunity as reflected by an enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity response and a 1.7-fold improvement in survival. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings showing that IL-7 improves survival in fungal sepsis, together with its previously reported efficacy in bacterial and viral infectious models, further supports its use as a novel immunotherapeutic in sepsis.


Assuntos
Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Candidemia/mortalidade , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/mortalidade , Animais , Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Candidemia/imunologia , Candidemia/microbiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Interleucina-7/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Sepse/imunologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Ann Intensive Care ; 13(1): 17, 2023 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36906875

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Profound lymphopenia is an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes in sepsis. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential for lymphocyte proliferation and survival. A previous phase II study showed that CYT107, a glycosylated recombinant human IL-7, administered intramuscularly reversed sepsis-induced lymphopenia and improved lymphocyte function. Thepresent study evaluated intravenous administration of CYT107. This prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was designed to enroll 40 sepsis patients, randomized 3:1 to CYT107 (10 µg/kg) or placebo, for up to 90 days. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled (fifteen CYT107 group, six placebo group) at eight French and two US sites. The study was halted early because three of fifteen patients receiving intravenous CYT107 developed fever and respiratory distress approximately 5-8 h after drug administration. Intravenous administration of CYT107 resulted in a two-threefold increase in absolute lymphocyte counts (including in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (all p < 0.05)) compared to placebo. This increase was similar to that seen with intramuscular administration of CYT107, was maintained throughout follow-up, reversed severe lymphopenia and was associated with increase in organ support free days (OSFD). However, intravenous CYT107 produced an approximately 100-fold increase in CYT107 blood concentration compared with intramuscular CYT107. No cytokine storm and no formation of antibodies to CYT107 were observed. CONCLUSION: Intravenous CYT107 reversed sepsis-induced lymphopenia. However, compared to intramuscular CYT107 administration, it was associated with transient respiratory distress without long-term sequelae. Because of equivalent positive laboratory and clinical responses, more favorable pharmacokinetics, and better patient tolerability, intramuscular administration of CYT107 is preferable. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03821038. Registered 29 January 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03821038?term=NCT03821038&draw=2&rank=1 .

6.
Blood ; 116(25): 5589-99, 2010 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20841508

RESUMO

Interferon-α (IFN-α)-based therapy is presently the standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Despite good effectiveness, this cytokine is associated with major side effects, including significant lymphopenia, that limits its use for HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) has recently shown therapeutic potential and safety in several clinical trials designed to demonstrate T-cell restoration in immunodeficient patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques, the relevance of IL-7 therapy as a means to overcoming IFN-α-induced lymphopenia. We showed that low-dose IFN-α treatment induced strong lymphopenia in chronically infected monkeys. In contrast, high-dose IFN-α treatment stimulated IL-7 production, leading to increased circulating T-cell counts. Moreover, IL-7 therapy more than abrogated the lymphopenic effect of low-dose IFN-α. Indeed, the association of both cytokines resulted in increased circulating T-cell counts, in particular in the naive compartments, as a consequence of central and peripheral homeostatic functions of the IL-7. Finally, reduced PD-1 expression by memory CD8(+) T cells and transient T-cell repertoire diversification were observed under IL-7 therapy. Our data strongly suggest that IL-7 immunotherapy will be of substantial benefit in the treatment of HIV/HCV coinfection and should enhance the likelihood of HCV eradication in poorly responding patients.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Linfopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/tratamento farmacológico , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Animais , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Memória Imunológica , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfopenia/induzido quimicamente , Macaca mulatta , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/imunologia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Carga Viral
7.
J Immunol ; 185(3): 1650-9, 2010 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20622118

RESUMO

CD4(+) T cell depletion is a fundamental component of HIV infection and AIDS pathogenesis and is not always reversed following antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, the SIV-infected rhesus macaque model was used to assess recombinant simian IL-7 in its glycosylated form (rsIL-7gly) to enhance regeneration of CD4(+) T cells, particularly the crucial central memory compartment, after ART. We assessed the impact of rsIL-7gly administration as single injections and as a cluster of three doses. Irrespective of the dosing strategy used, the rsIL-7gly administration transiently increased proliferation of both central memory and naive cells, in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets, without increasing SIV levels in the blood. Administration of rsIL-7gly at intervals of 4-6 wk maximized the proliferative response to therapy but resulted in only transient increases in peripheral blood T cell counts. Although more frequent rsIL-7gly "clustered" dosing (three times weekly with 2 wk of rest and then repeat) induced only an initial proliferative burst by CD4(+) T cells, this dosing strategy resulted in sustained increases in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cell counts. The clustered rsIL-7gly treatment regimen was shown to increase the half-life of a BrdU label among memory T cells in the blood when compared with that of macaques treated with ART alone, which is consistent with enhanced cell survival. These results indicate that dosing intervals have a major impact on the response to rsIL-7gly in SIV-positive ART-treated rhesus macaques and that optimum dosing strategies may be ones that induce CD4(+) T cell proliferation initially and provide increased CD4(+) T cell survival.


Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Organofosfonatos/administração & dosagem , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/imunologia , Adenina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Células CHO , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Emtricitabina , Macaca mulatta , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/patologia , Tenofovir
8.
J Immunol ; 184(7): 3768-79, 2010 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20200277

RESUMO

Sepsis is a highly lethal disorder characterized by widespread apoptosis-induced depletion of immune cells and the development of a profound immunosuppressive state. IL-7 is a potent antiapoptotic cytokine that enhances immune effector cell function and is essential for lymphocyte survival. In this study, recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) efficacy and potential mechanisms of action were tested in a murine peritonitis model. Studies at two independent laboratories showed that rhIL-7 markedly improved host survival, blocked apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T cells, restored IFN-gamma production, and improved immune effector cell recruitment to the infected site. Importantly, rhIL-7 also prevented a hallmark of sepsis (i.e., the loss of delayed-type hypersensitivity), which is an IFN-gamma- and T cell-dependent response. Mechanistically, rhIL-7 significantly increased the expression of the leukocyte adhesion markers LFA-1 and VLA-4, consistent with its ability to improve leukocyte function and trafficking to the infectious focus. rhIL-7 also increased the expression of CD8. The potent antiapoptotic effect of rhIL-7 was due to increased Bcl-2, as well as to a dramatic decrease in sepsis-induced PUMA, a heretofore unreported effect of IL-7. If additional animal studies support its efficacy in sepsis and if current clinical trials continue to confirm its safety in diverse settings, rhIL-7 should be strongly considered for clinical trials in sepsis.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Sepse/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Interleucina-17/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos
9.
J Clin Invest ; 118(3): 1027-39, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18246202

RESUMO

IL-7 is integral to the generation and maintenance of CD8(+) T cell memory, and insufficient IL-7 is believed to limit survival and the persistence of memory CD8(+) T cells. Here, we show that during the mouse T cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, IL-7 enhanced the number of memory CD8(+) T cells when its administration was restricted to the contraction phase of the response. Likewise, IL-7 administration during the contraction phase of the mouse T cell response to vaccinia virus or a DNA vaccine potentiated antigen-specific CD8(+) memory T cell proliferation and function. Qualitatively, CD8(+) T cells from IL-7-treated mice exhibited superior recall responses and improved viral control. IL-7 treatment during the memory phase stimulated a marked increase in the number of memory CD8(+) T cells, but the effects were transient. IL-7 therapy during contraction of the secondary CD8(+) T cell response also expanded the pool of memory CD8(+) T cells. Collectively, our studies show differential effects of IL-7 on memory CD8(+) T cell homeostasis and underscore the importance of the timing of IL-7 therapy to effectively improve CD8(+) T cell memory and protective immunity. These findings may have implications in the clinical use of IL-7 as an immunotherapeutic agent to bolster vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cell memory.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-7/farmacologia , Animais , Homeostase , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/tratamento farmacológico , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia
10.
Blood ; 114(4): 816-25, 2009 Jul 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19351957

RESUMO

Interleukin-7 (IL-7), the principal cytokine implicated in thymopoiesis and peripheral T-cell homeostasis, is presently under evaluation in human diseases characterized by persistent lymphopenia. Unexpectedly, before the eventual IL-7-driven T-cell expansion, all treated patients showed a profound T-cell depletion 24 hours after injection. The current study uses the rhesus macaque model to investigate the mechanisms involved in this IL-7-induced T-cell depletion. We identify a new critical function of IL-7 that induces massive and rapid T-cell migration from the blood into various organs, including lymph nodes, parts of the intestine, and the skin. This homing process was initiated after the induction of chemokine receptor expression by circulating T cells and the production of corresponding chemokines in target organs. Finally, we demonstrate that the IL-7-induced cell cycling is initiated within these organs before T cells migrate back into the bloodstream, indicating that T-cell homing is required for in vivo IL-7 function.


Assuntos
Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-7/farmacologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicosilação , Injeções , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Interleucina-7/fisiologia , Contagem de Linfócitos , Macaca mulatta , Receptores de Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Blood ; 113(25): 6304-14, 2009 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19380868

RESUMO

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a common gamma chain receptor cytokine implicated in thymopoiesis and in peripheral expansion and survival of T lymphocytes. The safety and activity of recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) administration were therefore examined in HIV-infected persons. In this prospective randomized placebo-controlled study, a single subcutaneous dose of rhIL-7 was well tolerated with biologic activity demonstrable at 3 microg/kg and a maximum tolerated dose of 30 microg/kg. Injection site reactions and transient elevations of liver function tests were the most notable side effects. Transient increases in plasma HIV-RNA levels were observed in 6 of 11 IL-7-treated patients. Recombinant hIL-7 induced CD4 and CD8 T cells to enter cell cycle; cell-cycle entry was also confirmed in antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Administration of rhIL-7 led to transient down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (CD127) in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Single-dose rhIL-7 increased the numbers of circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, predominantly of central memory phenotype. The frequency of CD4(+) T cells with a regulatory T-cell phenotype (CD25(high) CD127(low)) did not change after rhIL-7 administration. Thus, rhIL-7 has a biologic and toxicity profile suggesting a potential for therapeutic trials in HIV infection and other settings of lymphopenia. This clinical trial has been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT0099671.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1 , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-7/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-7/sangue , Interleucina-7/farmacologia , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/biossíntese , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/genética , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Recombinantes/sangue , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/citologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/citologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Carga Viral
12.
Crit Care Explor ; 3(7): e0500, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34345826

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 combined with antiviral therapy and supportive care remains under intense investigation. However, the capacity to distinguish patients who would benefit from immunosuppressive or immune stimulatory therapies remains insufficient. Here, we present a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 with a defective immune response, treated successfully with interleukin-7 on compassionate basis with resultant improved adaptive immune function. CASE SUMMARY: A previously healthy 43-year-old male developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and persistent, profound lymphopenia. Functional analysis demonstrated depressed lymphocyte function and few antigen-specific T cells. Interleukin-7 administration resulted in reversal of lymphopenia and improved T-cell function. Respiratory function and clinical status rapidly improved, and he was discharged home. Whole exome sequencing identified a deleterious autosomal dominant mutation in TICAM1, associated with a dysfunctional type I interferon antiviral response with increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019 disease. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoadjuvant therapies to boost host immunity may be efficacious in life-threatening severe coronavirus disease 2019 infections, particularly by applying a precision medicine approach in selecting patients expressing an immunosuppressive phenotype.

13.
J Immunother Cancer ; 9(8)2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34452927

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved autologous cellular immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We hypothesized that combining sip-T with interleukin (IL)-7, a homeostatic cytokine that enhances both B and T cell development and proliferation, would augment and prolong antigen-specific immune responses against both PA2024 (the immunogen for sip-T) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). METHODS: Fifty-four patients with mCRPC treated with sip-T were subsequently enrolled and randomized 1:1 into observation (n=26) or IL-7 (n=28) arms of a phase II clinical trial (NCT01881867). Recombinant human (rh) IL-7 (CYT107) was given weekly×4. Immune responses were evaluated using flow cytometry, mass cytometry (CyTOF), interferon (IFN)-γ ELISpot, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and ELISA. RESULTS: Treatment with rhIL-7 was well tolerated. For the rhIL-7-treated, but not observation group, statistically significant lymphocyte subset expansion was found, with 2.3-2.6-fold increases in CD4+T, CD8+T, and CD56bright NK cells at week 6 compared with baseline. No significant differences in PA2024 or PAP-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ ELISpot assay were found between rhIL-7 and observation groups. However, antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses and humoral IgG and IgG/IgM responses significantly increased over time in the rhIL-7-treated group only. CyTOF analyses revealed pleiotropic effects of rhIL-7 on lymphocyte subsets, including increases in CD137 and intracellular IL-2 and IFN-γ expression. While not powered to detect clinical outcomes, we found that 31% of patients in the rhIL-7 group had prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling times of >6 months, compared with 14% in the observation group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with rhIL-7 led to a significant expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells compared with observation after treatment with sip-T. The rhIL-7 treatment also led to improved antigen-specific humoral and T cell proliferative responses over time as well as to increased expression of activation markers and beneficial cytokines. This is the first study to evaluate the use of rhIL-7 after sip-T in patients with mCRPC and demonstrates encouraging results for combination approaches to augment beneficial immune responses.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/genética , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Extratos de Tecidos/administração & dosagem
14.
Infect Immun ; 78(11): 4714-22, 2010 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20823197

RESUMO

The sepsis syndrome represents an improper immune response to infection and is associated with unacceptably high rates of mortality and morbidity. The interactions between T cells and the innate immune system while combating sepsis are poorly understood. In this report, we observed that treatment with the potent, antiapoptotic cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7) accelerated neutrophil recruitment and improved bacterial clearance. We first determined that T cells were necessary for the previously observed IL-7-mediated enhanced survival. Next, IL-7 increased Bcl-2 expression in T cells isolated from septic mice as early as 3 h following treatment. This treatment resulted in increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IP-10 production within the septic peritoneum together with local and systemic increases of IL-17 in IL-7-treated mice. We further demonstrate that the increase in IL-17 was largely due to increased recruitment and production by γδ T cells, which express CXCR3. Consistent with increased IL-17 production, IL-7 treatment increased CXCL1/KC production, neutrophil recruitment, and bacterial clearance. Significantly, end-organ tissue injury was not significantly different between vehicle- and IL-7-treated mice. Collectively, these data illustrate that IL-7 can mediate the cross talk between Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes during sepsis such that neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance is improved while early tissue injury is not increased. All together, these observations may underlay novel potential therapeutic targets to improve the host immune response to sepsis.


Assuntos
Interleucina-17/biossíntese , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/metabolismo , Sepse/imunologia , Sepse/terapia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Citocinas/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/genética , Sepse/microbiologia , Sepse/mortalidade , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
JCI Insight ; 3(5)2018 03 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29515037

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A defining pathophysiologic feature of sepsis is profound apoptosis-induced death and depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an antiapoptotic common γ-chain cytokine that is essential for lymphocyte proliferation and survival. Clinical trials of IL-7 in over 390 oncologic and lymphopenic patients showed that IL-7 was safe, invariably increased CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts, and improved immunity. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human IL-7 (CYT107) in patients with septic shock and severe lymphopenia. Twenty-seven patients at academic sites in France and the United States received CYT107 or placebo for 4 weeks. Primary aims were to determine the safety of CYT107 in sepsis and its ability to reverse lymphopenia. RESULTS: CYT107 was well tolerated without evidence of inducing cytokine storm or worsening inflammation or organ dysfunction. CYT107 caused a 3- to 4-fold increase in absolute lymphocyte counts and in circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that persisted for weeks after drug administration. CYT107 also increased T cell proliferation and activation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first trial of an immunoadjuvant therapy targeting defects in adaptive immunity in patients with sepsis. CYT107 reversed the marked loss of CD4+ and CD8+ immune effector cells, a hallmark of sepsis and a likely key mechanism in its morbidity and mortality. CYT107 represents a potential new way forward in the treatment of patients with sepsis by restoring adaptive immunity. Such immune-based therapy should be broadly protective against diverse pathogens including multidrug resistant bacteria that preferentially target patients with impaired immunity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trials registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02640807 and NCT02797431. FUNDING: Revimmune, NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences GM44118.


Assuntos
Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-7/administração & dosagem , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Interleucina-7/efeitos adversos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Linfopenia/sangue , Linfopenia/imunologia , Linfopenia/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Choque Séptico/sangue , Choque Séptico/imunologia , Choque Séptico/mortalidade , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
Rejuvenation Res ; 10(1): 5-17, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17378748

RESUMO

Old age is accompanied by an increased incidence of infection and poorer responses to vaccination. In this proof of principle study, old female rhesus macaques (aged 18.5 to 23.9 years) were treated with recombinant simian interleukin-7 (IL-7) or saline, according to a two-phase regime. Treatment was not associated with bone loss as judged by plasma carboxy terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) levels, nor with neutropenia. IL-7-treated animals showed an increase in the number of blood CD4(+) CD3(+) and CD8(+) CD3(+) T cells after both phases of treatment and a transient increase in the number of naïve (CD62L(+) CD45RA(+)) T cells for both CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets after only the first treatment. Increases in TREC levels per T cell followed both phases of treatment, but were more prolonged after the second phase. Following vaccination with inactivated influenza strain A/PR/8/34, hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that half of the IL-7-treated animals showed a greater than eight-fold increase in antibody titer following the first challenge with the vaccine. In addition IL-7-treated animals showed higher numbers of central memory CD8(+) T cells compared to pretreatment levels with numbers greater than in the saline-treated group. Animals with the highest hemagglutination inhibition titers and the best proliferation against flu antigen were among those with the highest TREC per T cell levels after the second phase of treatment. Treatment of the elderly with IL-7 may provide an effective therapy to improve the immune system.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Macaca mulatta/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/análise , Linfócitos T/química , Fatores Etários , Animais , Feminino
17.
J Leukoc Biol ; 101(2): 543-554, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27630218

RESUMO

Patients with protracted sepsis develop impaired immunity, which predisposes them to acquiring secondary infections. One of the most common and lethal secondary infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Immunoadjuvant therapy is a promising approach to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression and improve morbidity and mortality from secondary infections. Interleukin-7 is an immunoadjuvant that improves survival in clinically relevant animal models of polymicrobial peritonitis and in fungal sepsis. This study investigated the effect of recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) on survival in a 2-hit model of sublethal cecal ligation and puncture followed by P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Potential immunologic mechanisms responsible for the rhIL-7 putative beneficial effect were also examined, focusing on IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, cytokines that are critical in the control of sepsis and pulmonary Pseudomonas infections. Results showed that rhIL-7 was highly effective in preventing P. aeruginosa-induced death, i.e., 92% survival in rhIL-7-treated mice versus 56% survival in control mice. rhIL-7 increased absolute numbers of immune effector cells in lung and spleen and ameliorated the sepsis-induced loss of lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). rhIL-7 also significantly increased IL-17-, IFN-γ-, and TNF-α-producing lung ILCs and CD8 T cells as well as IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing splenic T cell subsets and ILCs. Furthermore, rhIL-7 enhanced NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in lungs during sepsis and pneumonia. Given the high mortality associated with secondary P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the ability of rhIL-7 to improve immunity and increase survival in multiple animal models of sepsis, and the remarkable safety profile of rhIL-7, clinical trials with rhIL-7 should be considered.


Assuntos
Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoterapia , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/imunologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Interleucina-7/farmacologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Contagem de Linfócitos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/complicações , Infecções por Pseudomonas/imunologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/patologia , Análise de Sobrevida
18.
Clin Cancer Res ; 22(13): 3182-91, 2016 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26823601

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Patients with metastatic or relapsed pediatric sarcomas receive cytotoxic regimens that induce high remission rates associated with profound lymphocyte depletion, but ultimately few survive long term. We administered adjuvant immunotherapy to patients with metastatic and recurrent pediatric sarcomas in an effort to improve outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Mononuclear cells were collected via apheresis, and tumor lysate was acquired via percutaneous biopsy at enrollment. Participants received standard antineoplastic therapy, followed by autologous lymphocytes, tumor lysate/keyhole limpet hemocyanin-pulsed dendritic cell vaccinations ± recombinant human IL7. Primary outcomes were toxicity and vaccine responses. Secondary outcomes were immune reconstitution, event-free survival, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Forty-three patients enrolled and 29 received immunotherapy. The regimen was well tolerated. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated 5-year OS of 51% with significant differences based upon histologic group (63% vs. 0% for Ewing/rhabdomyosarcoma vs. other sarcomas) and response to standard therapy (74% no residual disease vs. 0% residual disease). Five-year intent-to-treat OS of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic Ewing/rhabdomyosarcoma was 77%, higher than previously reported in this population and higher than observed in a similar group treated with an earlier adjuvant immunotherapy regimen (25% 5-year OS). T-cell responses to autologous tumor lysate were identified in 62% of immunotherapy recipients, and survival was higher in those patients (73% 5-year OS with vs. 37% without immune response, P = 0.017). Immune reconstitution, measured by CD4 count recovery, was significantly enhanced in subjects treated with recombinant human IL7. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant immunotherapy may improve survival in patients with metastatic pediatric sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3182-91. ©2016 AACR.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/transplante , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Rabdomiossarcoma/terapia , Sarcoma de Ewing/terapia , Linfócitos T/transplante , Adolescente , Adulto , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Leucaférese , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Rabdomiossarcoma/imunologia , Rabdomiossarcoma/patologia , Sarcoma de Ewing/imunologia , Sarcoma de Ewing/patologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
19.
Target Oncol ; 7(1): 55-68, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22383042

RESUMO

Although great effort is being expended in the development of cancer immunotherapies, it is surprising that global lymphopenia and its various dimensions are not being systematically assessed in cancer patients. The incident pathologies associated with various immunosuppressed conditions such as those found in HIV infection have taught us that measuring various T cell populations including CD4 provides the clinician with a reliable measure for gauging the risk of cancer and opportunistic infections. Importantly, recent data emphasize the key link between lymphocyte T cell counts and overall survival in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Treatment of immunocompromised patients with interleukin-7 (IL-7), a critical growth and homeostatic factor for T cells, has been shown to produce a compelling profile of T cell reconstitution. The clinical results of this investigational therapy confirm data obtained from numerous preclinical studies and demonstrate the long-term stability of this immune reconstitution, not only on CD4 but also on CD8 T cells, involving recent thymic emigrants as well as naive, memory, and central memory T cells. Furthermore, IL-7 therapy also contributes to restoration of a broadened diversity of the T cell repertoire as well as to migration of these cells to lymph nodes and tissues. All these properties support the initiation of new clinical studies aimed at reconstituting the immune system of cancer patients before or immediately after chemotherapy in order to demonstrate a potentially profound increase in overall survival.


Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Linfopenia/imunologia , Linfopenia/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunoterapia/tendências , Linfopenia/etiologia , Linfopenia/mortalidade , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Melhoria de Qualidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia
20.
J Immunol Methods ; 353(1-2): 115-23, 2010 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20035760

RESUMO

IL-7 is a crucial cytokine for T cell hematopoiesis and peripheral homeostasis which by signaling through its receptor alpha chain (CD127) is essential for inducing T cell proliferation and survival. Since the specific CD127 alpha chain is found in a soluble state (sCD127) and at a high level in plasma (ng/mL), it is important to develop a sensitive and reliable assay in order to investigate the potential role of this receptor in the regulation of IL-7 physiologic, physipathologic and therapeutic effects. We here report a fully validated method to measure sCD127 in human and simian plasma using a method based on ELISA MSD technology. We demonstrate that sCD127 is detectable at various levels in the plasma of healthy humans as well as in that of healthy Rhesus and Cynomolgus macaques (106.72, 205.26 and 366.95 ng/mL respectively). Moreover, as opposed to the sCD25/IL-2 tandem, we demonstrate that IL-7 treatment has no impact on sCD127 plasma concentration in patients infected by HIV.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-7/sangue , Interleucina-7/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/imunologia , Animais , Calibragem , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/normas , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Macaca mulatta , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA