Rutin nanostructured lipid cosmeceutical preparation with sun protective potential.

Skin cancer is related to unprotected exposure to sunlight. Despite the broad expansion of sunscreen market, various researches are focused on the inefficiency and danger of sun products. This study was focused on the development of photoprotective nanoparticulate dermal preparations of the antioxidant flavonoid Rutin (RT). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared using different types of lipids. Based on particle size (PS), size distribution (PDI) and Zeta potential (Z) as well as rheological properties, NLC containing Plurol® stearique (NLC-P) and Apifil® (NLC-A) were selected and loaded with different concentrations of RT to form the medicated nanocreams. F4 (NLC-A with 2% RT) attained highest occlusive effect, drug encapsulation and release efficiencies as well as sun protective factor (SPF). Different concentrations of TiO2 were added to F4 aiming to ameliorate the sun protective effect. F7 (containing 5% TiO2) attained the highest SPF and area under the UV absorbance curve and had a critical wavelength above 370 nm, which proved its high efficiency as sunscreen. The in-vitro antioxidant effect of F7 was more than two fold that of the standard antioxidant. This study provides a suitable cosmeceutical lipidic colloidal system of Rutin to be employed as a successful photoprotective preparation.

The serine protease granzyme B as an inflammatory marker, in relation to the insulin receptor cleavage in human obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance form hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increased circulating level of the serine protease granzyme B (GzmB) is observed during prolonged inflammation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, insulin receptor cleavage by unknown proteases, yielding elevated levels of insulin receptor α-subunit (IRα), was observed in T2DM and was proposed as a new mechanism of insulin resistance. Therefore, a possible association between GzmB and IRα is suggested. Accordingly, this study was set to explore whether GzmB and IRα levels are altered in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity. Furthermore, we aimed to identify if GzmB contributes towards inflammation and insulin resistance through its suggested extracellular activities. All subjects were assessed for anthropometric and metabolic parameters related to obesity and T2DM. In addition, fasting plasma insulin, GzmB, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and IRα levels were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of GzmB and IRα were found to be significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to nondiabetic subjects. In addition, GzmB levels were positively correlated with measures of obesity and insulin resistance, IL-1ß, IRα, and other metabolic parameters. While multiple linear regression analysis revealed that both T2DM and central obesity were predicting factors for GzmB, our findings reveal a possible role of GzmB in T2DM.

Transdermal microemulsions of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: characterization, stability and evaluation of antioxidant potential.

The purpose of the present study is to formulate Glycyrrhiza glabra root and rhizome aqueous ethanolic extract in microemulsion carrier systems intended for transdermal delivery of incorporated antioxidant actives, flavonoids and polyphenols. The results obtained reveal that the microemulsion system ME3 possesses optimum properties regarding drug content (flavonoids and polyphenols), viscosity, pH, particle size and polydispersity index, zeta potential, stability, permeation of actives and hence possesses high in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant efficacy. These results indicate also that this microemulsion shows approximately 13-fold higher ex vivo antioxidant capacity compared with the liquorice extract solution. In addition, the proposed microemulsion is simple to dispense, cost effective and provides high patient compliance and convenience because of simple topical application and avoidance of non-comfortable oral or parenteral administration.

Rice bran oil: preparation and evaluation of novel liquisolid and semisolid formulations.

Rice bran oil and its bioactive constituents have been reported to possess different health benefit effects. Rice bran oil-containing pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical formulae are dispensed and characterized to elucidate the impact of their properties on clinical applications. Liquisolid and semisolid formulations employing rice bran oil were dispensed and characterized. Semisolid formulae were characterized for organoleptic properties, rheological behavior, and physical stability, at zero time and after three months storage, at 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Patch test of transdermal emollient creams and sunscreen was conducted in addition to evaluation of sensory attributes of emollient cream and sunscreen. Liquisolid formulations revealed flow and bulk density figures close to those reported as optimum acceptable values for powders. Semisolid formulations revealed adequate properties after three months of storage compared with zero time. Patch test showed safety of transdermal and emollient creams and sunscreen. Sensory evaluation of cosmetics showed satisfactory results. Results indicate the high potential of the formulated rice bran oil products regarding physical properties, stability, and acceptance by consumers. The formulae are simple to dispense, cost effective, and highly accepted by consumers. These facts pave the way for future clinical trials involving these products.