Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Mitral Regurgitation in a Patient with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease. In patients with functional CTGA with circumflex artery occlusion and mitral regurgitation (MR), the right ventricle functions as the left ventricle. Coronary artery bypass grafting with mitral valve replacement is an effective treatment for CTGA with concomitant myocardial infarction (MI) and MR.

[The early and middle-long term clinical results of surgical treatment for ventricular septal rupture].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the way of promoting the efficacy of surgical treatment for ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after acute myocardium infarction in terms of perioperative and long term survival. METHODS: The clinic data of 37 VSR cases underwent surgical treatment from October 1994 to October 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 24 male and 13 female, and the age was (63.4 +/- 7.6) years old. The whole group was divided into the VSR repair plus revascularization group (group A, 26 cases) and simple VSR repair group (group B, 11 cases). RESULTS: There were 4 operative deaths in group A (15.4%), 7 deaths in group B (63.6%), P = 0.006. With the follow-up of (34.0 +/- 29.8) months ranged from 2 to 103 months of the 26 operational survivors, there were 5 late deaths, of which 2 deaths in group A and 3 deaths in group B. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the actuarial survival rate at 6 to 8 year was (64.3 +/- 21.0)% for group A and the actuarial survival rate at 4 year was (25.0 +/- 21.7)% for group B, P = 0.011. Of the 21 mid-long term survivors, 17 cases were in NYHA class I to II and 4 cases in NYHA class III to IV. There were 4 cases suffered from VSR recurrence. According to Logistic regression, the risk factors for the early death were not adoptive of revascularization, cardiogenic shock and emergency surgical procedure, while the risk factors for late death were not adoptive of revascularization and low cardiac output after the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: VSR repair plus revascularization could improve the perioperative and mid-long term survival for the surgical treatment of VSR. The appropriate timing and procedures of the surgical operation are very important to promote perioperative survival and to prevent VSR recurrence.

[The clinical analysis of 54 cases for the surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of surgical procedures for pulmonary embolism. METHODS: Fifty-four patients of pulmonary embolism received surgical treatment from October 1994 to June 2007, of which 9 were acute pulmonary embolism underwent pulmonary embolectomy and 45 patients were chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) underwent pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 44.4% in acute pulmonary embolism group and 13.3% in CTEPH group (P < 0. 05). Thirteen patients had residual pulmonary hypertension and 23 patients had severe pulmonary reperfusion injury postoperatively. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure changed from (89.4 +/- 36.3) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) preoperative to (55.6 +/- 22.4) mm Hg postoperative. The pulmonary vascular resistance changed from (89. 7 +/- 56.7) kPa L(-1) S(-1) preoperative to (38.9 +/- 31.1) kPa L(-1) S(-1) postoperative. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen changed from (52. 3 +/- 6.7 ) mm Hg preoperative to (87.6 +/- 6.5) mm Hg postoperative. The arterial oxygen saturation changed from (88.9 +/- 4.5)% preoperative to (95.3 +/- 2.8 )% postoperative (P < 0.05). With the follow-up of (41.8 +/- 36.4) months, there were 4 patients died. According to NYHA, there were 28 patients for class I , 10 patients for class II and 2 patients for class III. According to Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the 3-year, 4-year, 5-year and 8-year survival rate were (97.1 +/- 2.8 )%, (94.0 +/- 4.1)%, (90.8 +/- 5.2)% and (85.0 +/- 7.3)% respectively. Linear rate of bleeding and thromboembolic related to anticoagulation were 0. 63% patient-years and 0. 62% patient-years respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The operational mortality of acute pulmonary embolism is significantly higher than CTEPH, and the mid-long term survival rate is agreeable and the complication rate related to anticoagulation is relatively low.

[Prognosis of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension receiving conservative or operative treatments according to a new clinical classification scheme].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of conservative or pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) therapy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients according to a new clinical classification scheme. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 63 cases of CTEPH admitted to our hospital from February 1995 to October 2007 and 45 cases were treated surgically (Group A) and 18 cases received conservative therapy (Group B). Results were analyzed using Fisher exact test and t test according to San Diego medical center quartering classification scheme and Anzhen Hospital modified bifurcate classification scheme. RESULTS: There were 6 operational deaths in Group A and 2 deaths during hospital stay in Group B. During follow-ups (mean 3.6 +/- 2.5 years), there were 4 deaths in Group A and 9 deaths in Group B. the totality survival rate is significantly higher in Group A than that in Group B (P < 0.05). For patients with San Diego Type I CTEPH, survival rate was significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B (P = 0.009) and was similar for patients with type II and III and IV CTEPH between the two groups (P = 0.338, 0.455, 0.800). Survival rate was significantly higher in Group A than that in Group B for patients with Anzhen central type CTEPH (P = 0.009), but was similar between the two groups for patients with Anzhen peripheral type CTEPH (P = 0.125). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve 5 years survival rate in the Group A was (91.7 +/- 8.0)% for Anzhen central type and (76.0 +/- 8.5)% for Anzhen peripheral type (P = 0.04), and the 5 years Kaplan-Meier survival rate in the Group B was (42.9 +/- 18.7)% for Anzhen central type and (56.2 +/- 10.8)% for Anzhen peripheral type (P = 0.851). CONCLUSION: Anzhen Hospital modified bifurcate classification scheme is a simple and effective classification to predict the prognosis and choose treatment method of CTEPH.

[Treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension through pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and the effect of deep hypothermia circulation arrest thereon].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and the effect of the deep hypothermia circulation arrest (DHCA) thereon. METHODS: The clinical data of 40 cases of CTEPH, 25 cases of central type and 15 cases of peripheral type, 29 males and 11 females, aged 46 +/- 12 (20 - 70), underwent PTH, 17 under deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA, Group A) and 23 not under DHCA (Group B), from February 1995 to October 2006. Follow-up was conducted for 41.8 +/- 36.4 months. RESULTS: In the peri-operative period, no patient died in Group A and there were 6 deaths in Group B. 9 suffered with residual pulmonary hypertension and 18 with severe pulmonary reflux injury. 72 h after the PTE, the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was 58.3 +/- 30.7 mm Hg, significantly lower than that before PTS (91.4 +/- 38.4 mm Hg, P < 0.05), the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 357 +/- 278.7 dynes x sec(-1) x cm(-5), significantly lower than that before PTE (978 +/- 675.6 dynes x sec(-1) x cm(-5), P < 0.01); the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO(2)) was 89.9 +/- 7 mm Hg, significantly higher than that before the PTE (54.5 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, P < 0.01),; and the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) was 96.5 +/- 1.8%, significantly higher than that before the PTE (90 +/- 4.3%, P < 0.05). During the follow-up there were 2 late deaths, and the cardiac function was graded as NYHA class I in 22 patients, as NYHA class II in 9 patients, and as NYHA class III in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: DHCA is a necessary and elementary condition for PTE, and it is a key factor in promoting the effect of PTE to treat the pulmonary reflux injury and residual pulmonary hypertension properly.

[Comparative analysis of the risk factor on the clinical information of myocardial revascularization combined with concomitant valve operations].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinic information of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) combined with concomitant valve operation. METHODS: Retrospectively analyze the information of morbidity and mortality of 126 cases patients who underwent combined valve and bypass procedures between December 2000 and January 2005. These patients had been divided into 2 groups according to sex. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the clinic characteristic such as weight and diabetes mellitus and mitral valve stenosis and three disease vessels of coronary artery between 2 groups (P < 0.05). The rate of the number of bypass grafts and morbidity and mortality of complication were significant differences (P < 0.05). The number of mitral valve replacement of female was more than that of male (P < 0.05). Five males died after operation, 1 case of heart failure, 1 case of high blood sugar, 2 cases of arrhythmia, 2 cases of organs failure; Seven females died after operation, one case of heart failure, one case of alimentary tract haemorrhage, three cases of arrhythmia, two cases of organs failure. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) combined with concomitant valve operation is safe and effective. The rate of morbidity and mortality of complication of female is more than that of male. The study demonstrates that female gender is an independent risk factor for combined morbidity and mortality during and after combined valve and coronary bypass surgery. That is related to low weight and mitral valve stenosis of female.