Gadoxetic acid (Primovist®) beyond the characterization of hepatic lesions in MRI: the case of biliary leaks.

Gadoxetic acid (Primovist®) is a paramagnetic contrast agent widely known for its use in the characterisation of focal liver lesions; however, it is also an important tool for the evaluation of the biliary tract. Its hepatospecific properties are able to demonstrate the presence and location of biliary leaks by MRI, allowing appropriate treatment planning and avoiding unnecessary invasive tests.

Benefit of Surveillance for Pancreatic Cancer in High-Risk Individuals: Outcome of Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up Studies From Three European Expert Centers.

PURPOSE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis. Hereditary factors play a role in the development of PDAC in 3% to 5% of all patients. Surveillance of high-risk groups, may facilitate detection of PDAC at an early stage. The aim of this study was to assess whether surveillance aids detection of early-stage PDAC or precursor lesions (PRLs) and improves the prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Screening outcomes were collected from three European centers that conduct prospective screening in high-risk groups including families with clustering of PDAC (familial pancreatic cancer [FPC]) or families with a gene defect that predisposes to PDAC. The surveillance program consisted of annual magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and/or endoscopic ultrasound. RESULTS: Four hundred eleven asymptomatic individuals participated in the surveillance programs, including 178 CDKN2A mutation carriers, 214 individuals with FPC, and 19 BRCA1/2 or PALB2 mutation carriers. PDAC was detected in 13 (7.3%) of 178 CDKN2A mutation carriers. The resection rate was 75%, and the 5-year survival rate was 24%. Two CDKN2A mutation carriers (1%) underwent surgical resection for low-risk PRL. Two individuals (0.9%) in the FPC cohort had a pancreatic tumor, including one advanced PDAC and one early grade 2 neuroendocrine tumor. Thirteen individuals with FPC (6.1%) underwent surgical resection for a suspected PRL, but only four (1.9%) had high-risk lesions (ie, high-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or grade 3 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms). One BRCA2 mutation carrier was found to have PDAC, and another BRCA2 mutation carrier and a PALB2 mutation carrier underwent surgery and were found to have low-risk PRL. No serious complications occurred as consequence of the program. CONCLUSION: Surveillance of CDNK2A mutation carriers is relatively successful, detecting most PDACs at a resectable stage. The benefit of surveillance in families with FPC is less evident.

[Cystic lesion of the calcaneus. Intraosseous lipoma]. / Lesión quística en calcáneo. Lipoma intraóseo.

We report two cases of intraosseous lipoma in the calcaneus of a 38 year old man, complaining about heel pain and a 27 year old woman with no pain. Plain radiographs showed a well-defined cystic lesion in the calcaneus with sclerotic margins. Computed tomography (CT) detected a well-defined, low-density lesion with attenuation values equal to adipose tissue. Magnetic resonance (MR) findings show similar signal intensity with subcutaneous adipose tissue on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, and STIR-T2 imaging showing low signal intensity with complete suppression indicating the presence of normal fat. As a result, at first intraosseous lipomas could only be identified pathologically, but now it is easy to perform radiological diagnosis using MR.