RESUMO
Terminalia chebula and Terminalia arjuna were widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of memory impairment, inflammatory disorders and as an anti-aging agent. However, reports regarding their safety aspects are lacking. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of methanolic extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit (TCF), Terminalia arjuna bark (TAB) and its bioactive constituent 7- Methyl gallic acid (7MG) under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro toxicity profile of TCF, TAB and 7MG (250-2000⯵g/ml) were assessed through cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity assays. Results of Ames test, comet assay, MTT and hemolytic assays illustrated that TCF, TAB and 7MG exhibited neither cytotoxic and genotoxic effect in PBMC nor hemolytic activity in RBC and no mutagenic effect in TA 98 and TA 100 up to a limited dose of 2000⯵g/ml. Acute and subacute toxicity studies showed no significant change in body weight, behavior, hematology, biochemical parameters, organ weight and histopathology. Over all the results of acute and subacute toxicity studies conclude that oral administration of TCF, TAB and 7MG were observed to be relatively non-toxic and affords practical guidance for selecting safe dose for further clinical trials.
Assuntos
Frutas/efeitos adversos , Ácido Gálico/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Terminalia/efeitos adversos , Animais , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional/efeitos adversos , Metanol/química , Camundongos , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodosRESUMO
The effect of different concentrations of 17α-methyl testosterone incorporated diet on growth performance in the fry of Channa punctatus and Cirrhinus mrigala was evaluated. Four different doses of hormone such as 60, 80, 100 and 120â¯mg/kg in C. punctatus and 40, 60, 80 and 100â¯mg/kg in C. mrigala were administered through diet for a period of 90â¯days. Fifth group on a hormone free diet served as a control. The growth performance in terms of length and weight gain of the fry receiving 100â¯mg/kg in C. punctatus and 60â¯mg/kg in C. mrigala were significantly higher than those receiving 80, 120 and 0 (untreated control) mg hormone per kg feed. The highest specific growth rate (0.864⯱â¯1.18%WG d-1) at 100â¯mg/Kg diet and (2.47⯱â¯1.26%WG d-1) at 60â¯mg/kg diet were observed in C. punctatus and C. mrigala respectively, showing positive influence of hormone incorporated diet on the growth performance. However, the survival rate of both the species remained unaffected by different dosages of 17α-methyl testosterone.
RESUMO
Successful reproductive management in buffaloes depends on effective estrus detection. Urinary pheromones identified from natural estrous cycle have been reported to decipher estrus phase. However, its presence has not been analyzed in the urine after synchronization. Thus, our present investigation was to investigate the influence of synchronized estrus urine in bulls and to examine the presence of estrus-specific compounds ascertained in natural estrus in synchronized buffaloes. Mid-stream urine was collected from six synchronized buffaloes during various phases of estrous cycle and volatiles were examined using GC-MS. Sexual provocation in bulls was established by displaying persistent flehmen and frequent mounting towards estrus urine from synchronized animals. Totally forty-two volatile compounds were identified from three phases of estrous cycle, more specifically 4-methyl phenol (p-cresol) and 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) in estrus urine of synchronized animal as similar to natural estrus. Hence, these chemical cues in buffalo urine might be employed as potential marker candidates for the development of an estrus detection aid.