[Cell engineering in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: current state and prospectives].

The article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of cell engineering in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The material is based on the analysis of clinical trials in which cell engineering has been applied for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. It has been shown that despite the decade of intensive research the clinically significant results have not been achieved yet. At the same time the fast growth of the number of publications in the field testified to intensity of basic and applied research and the large quantity of ongoing clinical trials on the topic make it possible to. look at the prospectives of the employment of cell engineering in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with a certain optimism.

[Modern state and prospects of development of medical-and-psychological support of military servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation].

The authors analysed state and prospects of medical-and-psychological support of military servicemen, which is supposed to consider as a complex of measures aimed at monitoring of professional psychological health, professional-and-psychological expertise, psychophysiological and pharmacological, correction, and medical-and-psychological rehabilitation. Organisation and maintaince of the above mentioned measures should be carried out by specialists of medical--and-psychological support groups and medical-and-psychological correction.

[Cell engineering in nephrology: The current state and prospectives from the point of view of military medicine].

This article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of cell engineering in nephrology from the point of view of military medicine. The review is based on publications from January 1, 2014, to June 1, 2015, and consists of two parts. In the first part the main directions of the cell engineering development are mentioned. The only two clinical trials existed in the field are discussed in more detail. The second part deals with prospectives of cell engineering in nephrology. It is shown that currently this field is in the stage of preclinical experimentation. Of the two known clinical trials the first has failed to demonstrate any effectiveness of cell engineering, the second--will be completed only at the end of 2016. Also, the review notes an extraordinary cost of cell engineering experiments in nephrology. The analysis of publications allows to come to a conclusion that the future progress in prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury could go not in the direction of cell engineering but rather non-cell technologies. One of. the practical consequence of such a conclusion is a necessity to continue the improvement of already existing methods of machine renal replacement therapy.

[The current state and development prospectives of military nephrology].

This article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of military nephrology. Using as examples the nephrology services of the armed forces of Serbia, France, Great Britain and USA it is shown that this branch of military healthcare plays an important role abroad. The brief review of military nephrology formation and development history demonstrates the growing significance of military nephrology in the general system of medical care at the battlefield.

[The current state and prospectives of military endocrinology].

The article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of military endocrinology demonstrated on the examples of the endocrinology services of armed forces of Serbia, Poland, France, and USA. It is shown that this branch of military healthcare receives much attention abroad. The prospectives of military endocrinology are demonstrated in the context of two nosological forms which dominate in this section of military medicine, namely, primary hypothyroidism an diabetes mellitus.

[The state of health of the US Armed Forces military personnel in 2012].

The current article is dedicated to the state of health of the US Armed Forces military active component personnel in 2012 according to the report published by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center in April 2013 issue of Center's Medical Surveillance Monthly Report. Sequentially, the key characteristics of ambulatory visits and hospitalization for the leading disease chapters and certain disease groups have been presented. The data have been given for the total personnel as well as for male and female separately. The general hospitalization has also been presented for the US Armed Forces components.

[Modern aspects of combat maxillofacial trauma (review of foreign scientific-medical publications during 2012-2013)].

The current article is dedicated to the modern aspects of combat maxillofacial trauma as they have been presented in 2012-2013 scientific publications. It has been shown that due to employment of more and more powerful explosive devices the facial trauma over the last decade has occurred more frequently and become more severe. Some new methods of facial injuries treatment are being tested now, among them KSL-W antimicrobial decapeptide, new bone regenerative biocompatible materials, scar-healing mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells, and a custom automated face dressing platform.

[Delivery of health care for military veterans abroad. The USA and Great Britain models].

The present review is dedicated to organization and management of military veteran's health care system of the US and UK. It is shown that despite the differences in health care systems of both countries their veterans receive the stat-of-the-art medical service which is readily available and financially affordable.

[Medical research in the US Armed Forces. Part 4].

The present article is the fourth part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first, second and the third parts were published in the previous issues of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Navy. It is shown that in the US Navy the fundamental and a part of applied investigations are conducted in the Office of Naval Research while more practical research is carried out at the Naval Medical Research Center. The latter includes the Naval Health Research Center, the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory and seven Naval Medical Research Units which are successively presented. The particular research programs conducted in the above mentioned organizations are discussed.

[Medical research in the US Armed Forces. (Report 5). The US Air Force and Coast Guard].

The present article is the last part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first through fourth parts were published in the previous issues of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Air Force and Coast Guard. It is shown that in the US Air Force the medical research is conducted in the Air Force Research Laboratory and in the US Coast Guard--in its Research and Development Center. The particular research programs conducted in the above mentioned units are discussed.

[Medical service of the Armed Forces of Great Britain (review of foreign internet-publications)].

The present review is dedicated to organization and principles of operation of the Medical service of the Armed Forces of Great Britain. At the beginning of the review a brief description of British Armed Forces and their medical service is presented. Then the particular key elements of the medical service such as the medical services of the Armed Forces major components, inpatient care, medical supplies, research, medical care at an operation theater, medical personnel training are considered. The special attention is paid to the Joint Medical Command formed four years ago as a prototype for the future integration and centralization of the whole medical service. The cooperation with the civil health care has played an increasing role in the organization of British military medicine. That is why the review includes the short description of the major structure of the British civil health care system--the National Health Service.

[Scientific-medical research in the US Armed Forces (Report 2)].

The present article is the second part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first part has been published in the previous issue of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. The following units are successively presented: the Defense Medical Research and Development Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. The particular research programs conducting in the above mentioned institutions are presented.

[Medical research in the US armed Forces (review of foreign internet-publications)].

The present review is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. At the beginning of the review a brief description of the US Armed Forces and their medical services is presented. Then.the main research organizations are successively presented: in the first part--from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, in the second--from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, in the third through fifth--from the US Army, US Navy, US Air Force and US Coast Guard. In conclusion the current state of the US Armed Forces scientific research is appraised.

[Medical research in the US Armed Forces (Report 3). The US Army].

The US Army. The present article is the third part of the review dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Armed Forces. The first and the second parts have been published in the previous issuses of the journal. Specifically this article is dedicated to organization and management of medical research in the US Army. It is shown that in the US Army the medical and biological research is conducted and coordinated by the special US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The following units are successively presented: US Army Institute of Surgical Research, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine. The particular research programs conducting in the above mentioned institutions are presented.

[Modern tendencies in the treatment of patients with high risk of development of cardiovascular complications and intolerance to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: value of results of TRANSCEND trial for clinical practice].

Clinical value of pharmacologic blockade of renin angiotensin aldosterone system for deceleration of cardiovascular continuum is strongly proved. Up to 20% of population is intolerant to ACE inhibitors. There are no strong evidences that ACE inhibitors differ from angiotensin receptors blockers in influence on main cardiovascular outcomes. In placebo controlled randomized multicentre trial TRANSCEND clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of telmisartan was studied in elderly patients with high cardiovascular risk who were intolerant to ACE inhibitors. Telmisartan based therapy was associated with decrease of secondary end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) by 13% in comparison with placebo (p=0.048). There were significantly less hospitalizations due to cardiovascular causes in telmisartan group than in placebo group. Risks of new diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction and serious adverse events were similar in both groups. Combined results of TRANSCEND and PRoFESS trials have demonstrated significant advantage of active telmisartan based therapy concerning the primary outcome of composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure ( 7%, p=0.026).

[The light diffusion technique for estimation of the size of urine particles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Tamm-Horsfall protein precipitation].

Tamm-Horsfall uroprotein accounts for more than 50% of the urinary proteins in healthy individuals. In abnormalities, it creates a favorable background for detecting smaller-sized uroproteins and for diagnosing pathological processes from the results of native urine tests. In this connection, there is a need for precipitating Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein while applying laser correlation spectroscopy to analyze the size of urine particles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eighty patients with this condition concurrent with different stages of diabetic nephropathy and 23 apparently healthy individuals were examined. The findings suggest that the subfraction urine composition before and after Tamm-Horsfall protein precipitation is different in apparently healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus concurrent with diabetic nephropathy. This is most likely to be due to the change in the qualitative composition of protein as renal lesion progresses, to the specific features of protein excretion at different stages of a pathological process, and to different concentrations of other low and high molecular-weight proteins.

[Effect of sugar-reducing therapy on renal function in patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie sakharoponizhaiushchei terapii na funktsii pochek u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom II tipa.

Renal function was examined in 66 proteinura-free patients at the age of 40-67 years having diabetes mellitus (DM) type II for 4-10 years and HbA1c 7% maximum. Non-insulin-dependent DM was found to affect both glomerular and tubulointerstitial renal systems. This was indicated by reduced glomerular filtration, microalbuminuria, hyperenzymuria, high blood and urine levels of beta-2-microglobulin. Administration of glurenorm instead of maninil led to enhancement of glomerular filtration, lowerering of albuminuria, uroenyzmes, beta-2-microglobulin in the blood and urine. Glurenorm is a proper drug in DM type II as it has both sugar-reducing and nephroprotective effects.