[A Case of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of Accessory Mammary Gland That Was Difficult for Evaluate for Lesion Spread].

A 48-year-old female discovered a mass in her left axilla. A thorough examination resulted in a diagnosis of left invasive lobular carcinoma(ILC)of the accessory mammary gland with wide ductal spread. Considering the wide ductal spread, massive resection of the left axilla mass, left lymph node dissection, and a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap procedure were performed. However, histological analysis revealed ILC measuring 80×50 mm with lymph node metastases(5/23)and extensive cancer spread, resulting in a positive surgical margin. It is important to recognize the characteristics of ILC, axillary accessory breast cancer, and the axilla in a treatment strategy.

Incisional Hernia Repaired Using Thigh Muscle Fascia After Kidney Transplantation: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Although monofilament mesh-based repair is a safe and effective procedure for incisional hernia (IH) in organ transplant patients, there is no definite evidence of IH treatment for patients with graft rejection and enhanced immunosuppressive therapy. We report a successful case of large IH repair using an autologous thigh muscle fascia sheet in a kidney transplant patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old man had IH from the incision of kidney transplantation, which was performed 6 years ago. He had a large right lower abdominal distension hanging down to the inguinal portion. A computed tomography scan revealed a large IH with a maximum abdominal defect diameter of 15 cm. The hernia sac contained the intestine, colon, and transplanted kidney, which had pulled out along with the retroperitoneum and protruded into the abdominal wall. He had chronic active acute antibody-mediated rejection, which required frequent steroid pulse therapy and additional or adjusted immunosuppressive drugs. After total circumferential exposure of the hernia sac and abdominal fascia, the abdominal wall defect was closed using a horizontal mattress suture. The sutured line was covered with a thigh muscle fascia sheet harvested from the patient's right femur and attached to the closed fascia. He was discharged on postoperative day 13 without any complications, and no IH recurrence was observed 10 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Hernia repair using autologous tissue could be a treatment option for post-transplant IH with a higher risk of infection.

Free perivascular tissue flap transfer.

Local flaps and composite grafting are the procedures of choice for reconstructing relatively small soft tissue defects. However, despite their limited conveyable volume, local flaps sometimes require a wide dissection area and long new incisions. Composite grafts also have serious limitations and require a well-vascularized recipient bed. To overcome these limitations, we used a free vascularized perivascular tissue flap based on the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery. Using this method, we performed reconstructions for seven patients (four cases in head and neck region and three cases in lower limb) with various soft tissue defects (ranged from 4.0 cm(3) to 40.0 cm(3)). This flap was easily elevated, without the need for precise preoperative flap design, and the flap volume was adjustable regardless of whether deep fascia and muscle were included. The flap has a rich vascular supply, which allows bone and cartilage tissue to be combined with the transfer of soft tissue, and satisfactorily treats chronic wounds with poor blood supply.

Expressions of androgen receptor and its co-regulators in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland.

AIMS: Androgen receptor (AR) signalling is involved in cancer progression. The expression of AR has been reported in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) of salivary gland, however AR gene status and the expressions of cofactors for AR signalling have not been investigated. The aims of this study were to investigate the expressions of each of the molecules that contribute to AR activation with or without ligands in CXPA. In addition, AR gene amplification and single-nucleotide polymorphism were investigated. METHODS: Ten cases of CXPA and 23 cases of pleomorphic adenomas (PA) of the salivary glands were immunostained for the AR co-regulators (SRC1, p300, and NCoR1) and the signalling molecules involved in the ligand-independent pathway (i.e., HER-2/neu and STAT3). AR gene amplification and single-nucleotide polymorphism were investigated by dual-coloured fluorescent in situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively. RESULTS: AR expression was observed in nine of 10 cases of CXPA and in 30.4% of PA cases, a statistically significant difference. The expression, with low or high intensity, of HER-2/neu and STAT3 was more frequent in CXPA (6/10 and 9/10, respectively) than in PA (0% and 46.7%). The expression of co-activators was also stronger, though only slightly, in CXPA than in PA. The gain of chromosome X and AR gene amplification were not observed in any CXPA or PA cases, and the G --> A allele in codon 211 was detected in only one case (a CXPA). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that although AR may be activated in the pathway with or without ligands, the expression of co-regulators and AR gene aberrations are not involved in the carcinogenesis of CXPA.