Optimizing the charge balance of fluorescent organic light-emitting devices to achieve high external quantum efficiency beyond the conventional upper limit.

The external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of fluorescent light emitting devices are drastically improved by optimizing the charge balance. When N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)- N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPD) is used as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) and Alq(3) as an electron-transporting layer (ETL) with the green dopant 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-benzothiazolyl)quinolizino-[9,9a,1gh]coumarin (C545T), the EQE is observed to be approximately 3%. However, when the HTL and ETL materials are optimized, a 7.5% external quantum efficiency (EQE) in a green-emitting device and an 8.2% EQE in a blue-emitting device are achieved at 100 cd m(-2) .

A single-molecule excimer-emitting compound for highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting devices.

A pyrene-containing single-molecule excimer-emitting compound, 1,8-bis(pyren-2-yl)naphthalene (BPyN), was synthesized. With BPyN as a host emitter, C545T-based green OLEDs were fabricated, exhibiting high efficiencies of 22 lm W(-1), 22 cd A(-1) and 6.2% external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 100 cd m(-2), and 19 lm W(-1), 22 cd A(-1) and 6.2% EQE at 1000 cd m(-2).