RESUMO
The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) processing wastes are massive and unutilized in the Murmansk region of Russia. The samples of skin-containing waste of Atlantic cod fillets production were hydrolyzed using enzyme preparations derived from red king crab hepatopancreases, porcine pancreases, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The activity of enzymes from crab hepatopancreases was significantly higher than the activity of enzymes derived from other sources. The optimal conditions of the hydrolysis process have been figured out. The samples of cod processing waste hydrolysate were analyzed for amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution. The samples of hydrolysate were used as core components for bacterial culture medium samples. The efficiency of the medium samples was tested for Escherichia coli growth rate; the most efficient sample had an efficiency of 95.3% of that of a commercially available medium based on fish meal. Substitution of medium components with those derived from industrial by-products is one of the ways to decrease a cost of a culture medium in biopharmaceutical drug production.
Assuntos
Colágeno/química , Meios de Cultura/química , Gadus morhua , Animais , Organismos Aquáticos , Quitinases/química , Crustáceos/enzimologia , Hidrólise , Federação RussaRESUMO
Waste from fish cutting (heads, swim bladders, fins, skin, and bones) is a high-value technological raw material for obtaining substances and products with a wide range of properties. The possibility of using waste from cutting fish of the Gadidae family: the Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), processed in the coastal zone, is scientifically substantiated. In this work, a technology has been developed for processing accumulated waste from fish cutting in order to obtain fish gelatin, which is characterized by high protein content (more than 80.0%) and a full set of essential and nonessential amino acids. We studied the quality of fish gelatin obtained from wastes from cutting the fish of the Gadidae family. The possibility of using fish gelatin as a component of fish products is shown; the dose of its introduction into the fish products is substantiated. The data obtained made it possible to recommend the use of fish processing waste products as a gelling component and a source of amino acids in multicomponent food systems.
Assuntos
Indústria Alimentícia , Gadiformes , Gelatina/química , Resíduos , Animais , Organismos AquáticosRESUMO
Juvenile common carp were treated with Cd2+ at a sublethal concentration for Cyprinidae (6.4 mg/L). The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit genes (NR2A, NR2B) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 gene (ABCC1) was compared between treated and untreated fish. In addition, cadmium accumulation in the fish tissues was assessed. NR2A was 18.9-fold upregulated by Cd2+ in the eyes (choroid + retina), which accumulated Cd, and was not upregulated in brain, which didn't accumulate Cd. This may have been caused by the blocking of calcium channels by Cd2+, which has a very similar ionic radius to that of Ca2+. ABCC1 was 2.6-fold upregulated in gills and was not upregulated in liver; both tissues accumulated high levels of Cd. This difference may have been caused by the accumulation of predominantly previously inactivated Cd in liver or by some difference in the mechanisms of self-detoxification from Cd2+ in fish gills and liver.