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Introduction COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a worldwide pandemic with the most main symptoms seeming to be flu-like and fever. Besides that, dermatological manifestations have been reported as extra respiratory symptoms in previous studies. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of hair loss after COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia, and we hope to improve the knowledge on hair loss - a cause of common dermatological consultation that frequently becomes a stressful event associated with the pandemic - among all the physicians in all the specialties. Methodology This was a record-based retrospective cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in four centers in the Makkah region. We identified 343 patients who visited the dermatology clinic for hair loss during the period 2020 to 2022. Results Evidence suggests that hair loss had been the most frequently reported post COVID-19 manifestation (48%). Our results revealed nearly half of the participants (48.5%) noticed hair loss increases by more than 120 hairs per day after COVID-19 infection, as well as half of the participants (52.6%) reported seeing hair accumulation on a pillow. Our results showed that telogen effluvium (TE) was the most reported type (156, 86.7%), followed by alopecia areata (15, 8.3%) and androgenic alopecia (9, 5.0%). Conclusion The results suggest that hair loss is noticeably prevalent in patients following COVID-19 infection, especially in females and patients with multiple comorbidities. Telogen effluvium (TE) was the most prevalent type of hair loss recognized among the patients.
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BACKGROUND: Due to rising rates of morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Saudi Arabia is ranked second in the Middle East and seventh overall among nations with the greatest incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Significant sleep abnormalities have been linked to difficulties in managing blood sugar levels, suggesting a link between sleep disorders and diabetes. This study aimed to find out how common sleep disturbances were among patients with T2DM in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2022 in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Patients with T2DM who visited primary healthcare facilities in Makkah during the study's duration were included in the study. To evaluate sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Arabic was employed. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were given an interview questionnaire to fill out. RESULTS: In total, 355 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study. The patients' median age was 49.24 years. Other than DM, a majority of them (58.9%) had chronic illnesses, with hypertension (64.5%) and cardiovascular disease (65.5%) as the most prevalent comorbidities. Only 22% of the patients had controlled diabetes. Of the individuals who had sleep disorders, 63.7% stated having poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Sleep problems are a common occurrence in patients with T2DM. Additionally, compared to people with other chronic disorders, people with endocrine diseases had poorer sleep quality. Hence, the duration of diabetes has an impact on sleep quality.