Veteran Perspectives on Adaptations to a VA Residential Rehabilitation Program for Substance Use Disorders During the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic.

Individuals attending residential rehabilitation programs for substance misuse are particularly vulnerable to treatment disruptions spurred by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe adaptations to services within a large residential rehabilitation program for under-resourced veterans, report veterans' experiences with these changes, and outline successes and challenges encountered throughout adjustment to the pandemic. Data collected from two focus groups with nine veterans engaged in this program during the pandemic highlight experiences of inconsistent communication about residential policies, interruptions to medical and addiction services, and feelings of confinement and social isolation. Overall, these findings suggest the need for health systems to support clients in taking an active role in communications, provide additional technical and social support in transitioning to virtual health services, and offer alternative means for clients to maintain social connection during a pandemic. Understanding clients' perspectives can inform strategies to promote continuity of care and enhanced care experiences.

A pilot trial examining the effects of veteran voices and visions, an adaptation of hearing voices groups for a large public health system in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The Hearing Voices Approach, a community-based peer-led support group model, is generating interest as a novel way to engage with psychosis. Hearing Voices (HV) groups are run by peers, 'experts-by-experience', and emphasize group ownership and community-building rather than adherence to a therapist-led, predetermined structure. Diverse beliefs about experiences are respected and viewed as potentially meaningful. Groups work within each individual's explanatory framework to reframe understandings. AIMS: This paper describes the effects of participation in Veteran Voices and Visions (VVV) groups, an adaptation of the HV approach, co-led by clinicians and Veteran peer support specialists, adapted for Veterans who have experienced psychosis and receive care at the VA, a large public health system in the United States. METHOD: This mixed methods pilot study has a convergent parallel design, integrating quantitative and qualitative data from participants in pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments. RESULTS: Over 16 weeks, quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in distress, due to auditory hallucinations, as measured by the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). The Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire- Revised (BAVQ-R) results showed a reduction in malevolence and omnipotence and an increase in benevolence related to auditory hallucinations, but no change in resistance. Engagement showed a trend-level reduction. Qualitative data from midpoint (Week 8) and endpoint (Week 16) interviews revealed several perceived benefits from groups: 1) normalization and camaraderie, 2) increased hope and confidence, 3) self-understanding and reframing of experiences, and 4) building relationships outside of groups. Overall, VVV groups reduced distress due to voices, negative beliefs about voices, and perceived power of voices. CONCLUSIONS: Study findings contribute to a growing body of literature indicating HV groups support those who have experienced psychosis by reducing social isolation and fostering community, which may facilitate social integration. Overall, our findings highlight the potential benefits of adapting HV groups to health systems.

Improving a Sanctioned Homeless Encampment for Veterans During COVID-19 Through Multilevel Partnerships.

A veteran-clinician-researcher partnership-the Care, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Service (CTRS)-enabled quality improvement within a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs-sanctioned homeless encampment created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the differing concerns of clinicians and operational leaders led to challenges in defining CTRS's goals and quality metrics, partnering with frontline social work and peer staff (N=11) and veterans (N=21 of 381 CTRS participants) and considering their feedback resolved those differences. Multilevel partnerships improved care within the encampment, leading to the development of an encampment medicine team (providing onsite integrated health care) and a veteran engagement committee (providing feedback).

Improving Consumer Experiences in Permanent Supportive Housing Co-Located With Health Centers: A Case Study From the Department of Veterans Affairs.

BACKGROUND: Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH), which provides subsidies for independent housing and supportive services, is an evidence-based practice that improves health and housing for homeless experienced persons. Though most PSH is scattered-site, that is, housing dispersed throughout the mainstream rental market, project-based PSH offers housing and supportive services in dedicated facilities with on-site services. In 2013, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) at Greater Los Angeles opened a novel project-based PSH program located on a VA campus. To inform plans to expand project-based PSH at this VA, we examined participants' experiences in this program. We aimed to identify participant characteristics that suggested they were well suited for the planned PSH expansion; to characterize services that participants found valuable in this setting; and to highlight gaps between participants' needs and PSH services provided. METHODS: We performed semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample (n = 24) of participants who had engaged in this project-based PSH program. Interviews asked why participants selected housing on a VA campus and explored valued program characteristics, designs, and services. Using rapid analysis methods, we generated templated summaries of each participant's responses across the domains of our interview guide, then used matrix analyses to identify salient themes across the interviews. KEY FINDINGS: Participants appreciated the ease of access to medical and mental health services; however, as services were assumed to be optimized by virtue of co-location with VA healthcare, their PSH providers often did not link them with non-VA social services as assertively as desired. Many participants raised concerns about building safety and on-site substance use. A lack of participant engagement in program oversight, often leading to conflicts with staff and building management, was also highlighted in our interviews. DISCUSSION: Given the value placed on ease of access to healthcare, these data suggest the value of this PSH model for persons with healthcare vulnerabilities. Specific recommendations for the planned PSH expansion include: (1) continuation of proximate, open-access healthcare; (2) clear tenant policies; (3) tenant councils for each development; (4) staff knowledgeable of non-VA resources and social services; (5) Veteran-preferred hiring practices by Property/Service management; (6) gender-specific accommodations; and (7) robust 24/7 security on-site.