RESUMO
Brachychiton populneus is one of the unexploited Tunisian plants, traditionally eaten as food and used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical components of the seeds, leaves and flowers from B. populneus using three different solvents and to explore their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Further, this study was focused on the identification of phenolic compounds from the most active extract. In vitro, all extracts showed strong antioxidant property by DPPH, ferrous ion chelating and lipid peroxidation-inhibiting assays, noticeable anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation and membrane stabilization methods and important neuroprotective effects by acetylcholinesterase inhibitory test. In vivo, B. populneus (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant dose-response anti-inflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced paw edema. With respect to the phenolic profile, the leaf methanol extract presented eight phenolic acids, one flavone and four flavonoids, with salvianolic acid B (820.3 mg/kg), caffeic acid (224.03 mg/kg), syringic acid (100.2 mg/kg) and trans-ferulic acid (60.02 mg/kg) as the major compounds. The results of the current study suggested that B. populneus could be a precious source of health-benefitting biomolecules and may be developed as new antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and AChE inhibitors.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Malvaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/administração & dosagem , Acetilcolinesterase/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilcolinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Acetilcolinesterase/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Carragenina , Inibidores da Colinesterase , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Solventes/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por ElectrosprayRESUMO
Amaranthus spinosus has been consumed traditionally to prevent various diseases including abdominal pain. In this study, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and analgesic activities of an ethyl acetate extract of A. spinosus leaves (ASEA) were evaluated. The ASEA had the highest concentrations of total phenols (462.2 mg GAE/g DW), condensed tannin (5.01 mg CE/g DW) and total flavonoid contents (30.07 mg CE/g DW) compared to the chloroform, n-hexane, n-butanol and water extracts. Similarly, ASEA showed the most effective total antioxidant activity (45.45 µg/mL), DPPH scavenging activity (27.32 µg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (30.60 µg/mL). ASEA with the doses of 200-600 mg/kg (p.o.) clearly demonstrated antinociceptive effects by reducing acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions with a maximal inhibition of 79.57% at 600 mg/kg and increasing latencies of the hot-plate paw-licking response. The tested doses also significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the reaction time in the formalin test at the neurogenic and inflammatory phases. ASEA contained ten polyphenols with caffeic acid being the predominant polyphenol. Overall, this study gave evidence that A. spinosus is a new antioxidant and analgesic agent, and justified its traditional use for the treatment of pain.
Assuntos
Acetatos/química , Amaranthus/química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Analgésicos/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Camundongos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Plant essential oils and phenolic compounds are widely used for their medicinal properties. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional values, the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-hemolytic effects of Pittosporum tobira seeds. METHODS: The aroma compounds were isolated using two methods (Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD)) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Bioactive phenolic compounds were identified by mean of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Reducing power, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were used to investigate antioxidant activity. Anti-hemolytic activity was evaluated using H2O2-induced hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC). RESULTS: Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were the most volatile fractions identified by HD and HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS but their quality and amount were quite different according to the extraction methodology. The main phenolic compounds identified by HPLC were caffeic acid, followed by cinnamic acid and gallic acid. P. tobira seeds essential oils showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 value = 1.5 mg/mL), H2O2 scavenging assay (IC50 value = 159.43 µg/mL) and reducing power test (IC50 value = 0.982 mg/mL) compared to methanolic extract. Moreover, the results revealed that the essential oil was able to protect RBC from hemolysis induced by H2O2. However, the methanolic extract had no effect on H2O2-induced hemolysis of RBC as compared to the essential oil and the standard vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS: P. tobira may be used as a new natural source of antioxidant with therapeutic application in diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Pittosporum tobira seeds.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Rosales/química , Sementes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Ácidos Cafeicos/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cinamatos/isolamento & purificação , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Gálico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Odorantes/análise , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Microextração em Fase SólidaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Castaceae) (cactus) is used in Tunisian medicine for the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study determines phytochemical composition of cactus cladode extract (CCE). It also investigates antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of CCE against lithium carbonate (Li2CO3)-induced liver injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided into four groups of six each: a control group given distilled water (0.5 mL/100 g b.w.; i.p.), a group injected with Li2CO3 (25 mg/kg b.w.; i.p.; corresponding to 30% of the LD50) twice daily for 30 days, a group receiving only CCE at 100 mg/kg of b.w. for 60 days and then injected with distilled water during the last 30 days of CCE treatment, and a group receiving CCE and then injected with Li2CO3 during the last 30 days of CCE treatment. The bioactive components containing the CCE were identified using chemical assays. RESULTS: Treatment with Li2CO3 caused a significant change of some haematological parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit (Ht) and mean corpuscular volume (VCM) compared to the control group. Moreover, significant increases in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were observed in the blood of Li2CO3-treated rats. Furthermore, exposure to Li2CO3 significantly increased the LPO level and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the hepatic tissues. CONCLUSION: CCE possesses a significant hepatoprotective effect.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Carbonato de Lítio , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Opuntia/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quelantes/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/sangue , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos Wistar , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Juniperus phoenicea is a tree of the Cupressaceae family that is popularly known in the south of Tunisia because of its wide application in herbal medicine, including the use of its leaves to treat many diseases such as diarrhea, rheumatism, and intestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ulceroprotective and antioxidant activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of J. phoenicea (EOJp) against hydrogen chloride (HCl)/ethanol-induced ulcers in rats. The antiulcer activities of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) EOJp were investigated on 0.3 M HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers in rats. The essential oil yield was 0.69% with 48 compounds; α-pinene was the principal component (20.24%). In vivo pretreatment with EOJp given orally provided dose-dependent protection against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Furthermore, pretreatment with EOJp significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The activity of the antiulcerogenic EOJp could be from synergistic antioxidant and anti-secretory effects. Oral use of EOJp has excellent preventive effects on induced gastric ulcers comparable to those of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) omeprazole.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Juniperus/química , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Catalase/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ácido Clorídrico , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Monoterpenos/uso terapêutico , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this research is to investigate the potential activity of Salvia officinalis and various hair samples responsible for secretion of essential oil. In Tunisia, biological activity of Salvia officinalis is poorly recorded. Salvia leaves contain various types of hairs (glandular and nonglandular). METHODS: The investigation of different trichomes was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) apparatus. Antiradical potential was assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity was analysed using disc diffusion assay. The extracts of Salvia officinalis (SvOf), showed the following order of richness in phenolic contents: methanolic (70.76 mg GAE/g DW), aqueous (43.76 mg GAE/g DW) and infusion (9.42 mg GAE/g DW). The methanolic fraction records the highest levels of flavonoids (77 mg QE/g DW) compared with the aqueous extracts (33.19 mg EQ/g DW) and infusion (26.25 mg EQ/g DW). MESvOf showed higher value of free radical scavenging activity towards DPPH free radical and ferric reducing power. RESULTS: The results revealed that the main bioactive constituents in the methanolic fractions of sage leaves generally exhibited higher antibacterial effects. Overall, sage phytocompounds constitute a promising approach for the treatment of infectious diseases. DISCUSSION: Functional groups detected in S. officinalis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) were mainly phenols, saccharides, amine and Aromatic (Ar-H). CONCLUSION: Antiradical and antibacterial activities of Salvia officinalis are mainly due to phenolic content and other bioactive compounds. Non-glandular hairs are the most important trichomes in the Salvia leaves.
Assuntos
Salvia officinalis , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Análise de Fourier , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fenóis , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Nicotine is a potential inducer of oxidative stress, through which it can damage numerous biological molecules. Natural antioxidants that prevent or slow the progression and severity of nicotine toxicity may have a significant health impact. The purpose of this study, conducted on Wistar rats, was to evaluate the beneficial effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract on nicotine treatment-induced damage on kidney. Our results showed that nicotine significantly (p < 0.01) increased serum and kidney malondialdehyde, the serum contents of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. In addition, nicotine intoxication significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the levels of vitamins E and C in serum and kidney tissue as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Interestingly, animals that were pretreated with green tea, prior to nicotine administration, showed a significant nephroprotection, revealed by a significant reduction-induced oxidative damage for all tested markers. The nephroprotective activity of green tea is mediated, at least in part, by the antioxidant effect of its constituents.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Camellia sinensis/química , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Nicotina/toxicidade , Chá/química , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Catalase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/análise , Estresse Oxidativo , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Vitamina E/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Mentha spicata supplementation against nicotine-induced oxidative damage in the liver and erythrocytes of Wistar rats. Bioactive substances were determined by liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each: a normal control group, a nicotine-treated group (1 mg/kg), a group receiving M. spicata extract (100 mg/kg), and a group receiving both M. spicata extract (100 mg/kg) and nicotine (1 mg/kg). Many phenolic acids were identified in the M. spicata aqueous extract. After 2 months of treatment, nicotine induced an increase in the level of white blood cells and a marked decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and haematocrit. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were also found to be higher in nicotine-treated group than those of the control group. Furthermore, nicotine-treated rats exhibited oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities and an increase in lipid peroxidation level in liver and erythrocytes. Interestingly, the oral administration of M. spicata extract by nicotine-treated rats alleviated such disturbances. M. spicata contained bioactive compounds that possess important antioxidant potential and protected liver and erythrocytes against nicotine-induced damage.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Mentha spicata , Nicotina , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/sangue , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Mentha spicata/química , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos Wistar , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Plants provide an alternative source to manage different human disorders due to various metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the methanolic extracts of Euphorbia retusa and to evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. The phytochemical results obtained by HPLC and by chemical assay reactions have revealed the richness of the methanolic extract of E. retusa in active compounds, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The methanolic extract shows significant antioxidant activities in vitro, in the DPPH and the FRAP assays. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid and hot-plate models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Oral pretreatment with the methanolic extract of E. retusa (200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant inhibition of pain induced either by acetic acid or by the heating plate and in a manner comparable to the standard drug paracetamol. E. retusa significantly reduced paw edema starting from the 3rd hour after carrageenan administration by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in liver and paw tissues and decreasing the levels of MDA. These results may confirm the interesting potential of this plant as a treatment of various inflammatory and pain diseases.
Assuntos
Euphorbia/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Acético/toxicidade , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Carragenina/toxicidade , Catalase/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Nitroazul de Tetrazólio/metabolismo , Medição da Dor , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Tiazolidinedionas/metabolismoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lycium europaeum Linn. is widely used to treat the burning of the skin and well-known as a medicinal plant having various biological activities. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the present study is to characterize the polysaccharide from L. europaeum L. leaves (LEP) and to explore its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepato-nephroprotective properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The structural and functional characteristics of LEP were investigated using X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Hepato-renal effects were studied using CCl4 and cisplatin-induced liver and kidney injuries in mice, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed on carrageenan-induced paw edema. RESULTS: The LEP showed an interesting water-holding capacity and effective foaming and emulsifying properties. XRD analysis suggested that LEP form a semi-crystalline polymer with an amorphous structure. FT-IR profile showed the presence of pyranose ring in LEP. SEM and helix-coil transition analyses indicated that LEP had a lamellar structure with angular edges and didn't present a triple helical conformation in solution. In vitro, LEP indicated significant concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. In vivo, LEP treatment significantly reduced the effects of CCl4 intoxication on serum liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, LDH, and GGT) and the effect of cisplatin on serum renal biomarkers (urea, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid). Meanwhile, LEP diminishes significantly the effect of CCl4 and cisplatin on the level of lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney tissues, respectively. Additionally, the normal histological structure of liver and kidney was restored after treatment with the polysaccharide. LEP possessed a significant anti-inflammatory activity on acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in mice. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings of this study support the traditional use of L. europaeum L. This plant may also be used as a good agent for protection against inflammatory diseases and hepato-renal injuries in patients with cancer.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Lycium , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Carragenina , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/sangue , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Cisplatino , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Picratos/química , Folhas de Planta , Polissacarídeos/químicaRESUMO
This study was designed to assess the protective effects of Lycium europaeum methanol extract (LEM) on liver and kidney injuries induced by cisplatin. The phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity, and hepatorenal injury biomarkers were investigated. Results revealed that LEM exhibited a significant antioxidant activity in vitro on DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging assays. In the animal studies, treatment with LEM significantly reduced the effects of cisplatin intoxication on serum liver biomarkers and serum renal biomarkers. Meanwhile, LEM diminishes significantly the effect of cisplatin on the level of lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney tissues. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were increased in groups pretreated with LEM and quercetin. Additionally, the normal histological structures of the liver and kidney were restored after treatment with LEM. This work clearly demonstrated that L. europaeum may be useful as a drug with hepato-nephroprotective potentials.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Rim/lesões , Fígado/lesões , Lycium/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/enzimologia , Rim/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Metanol , Camundongos , Minerais/análise , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Fitoterapia , Folhas de Planta/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Opuntia ficus indica (family Cactaceae) is used in the treatment of a variety of conditions including metal-induced toxicity. The study reports the protective effects of Opuntia ficus indica (CCE) against lithium carbonate-induced toxicity in rats. Nephrocardiotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by single dose of lithium carbonate (25 mg/kg b.w twice daily for 30 days). Aqueous extract of Opuntia ficus indica was administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg of b.w by gavage for 60 days. Obtained results revealed that administration of lithium carbonate caused a significant increase in serum creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels. Additionally, a significant decrease in the level of renal and cardiac SOD, CAT, and GPx activities was associated with a significant increase of MDA levels in lithium carbonate group more than those of the control. However, the treatment of experimental rats with CCE prevented these alterations and maintained the antioxidant status. The histopathological observations supported the biochemical evidences of nephrocardioprotection. CCE supplementation could protect against lithium carbonate-induced renal and cardiac injuries in rats, plausibly by the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of MDA to confer the protective effect.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Lítio/farmacologia , Opuntia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Malva sylvestris is widely used in Mediterranean and European traditional medicine and ethnoveterinary for the treatment of various diseases. This study, carried out on male Wistar rats, evaluates the beneficial effects of Malva sylvestris extract upon lithium carbonate-induced damages in testes and heart. For this purpose, Malva sylvestris extract at a dose of 0.2g/kg was orally administrated, followed by 25mg/kg lithium carbonate (intraperitoneal injection, twice daily). Lithium carbonate treatment significantly (p<0.01) decreased the weight of testes, accessory sex organ and heart, sperm count and motility, and serum testosterone level. In addition, exposure to lithium carbonate significantly (p<0.01) increased lipid peroxidation level (LPO) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in testes and heart. Treatment with M. sylvestris extract affords substantial protection in testes and heart by altering all the parameters to near normal levels that were further confirmed by histological examination. The beneficial effect of M. Sylvestris extract in several organs could be attributed to the interaction of antioxidant components, such as complex polysaccharides, as confirmed by phytochemical analysis.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Malva , Miocárdio , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testículo/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Opuntia ficus indica (family Cactaceae) is a typical Mediterranean plant, mainly used in food and traditional folk medicine. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Opuntia ficus indica extract against chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced immunotoxicity in rats. The experimental animals consisted of four groups of Wistar rats (5-6 weeks old) of eight each: a control group, a group treated with CPF (10mg/kg), a group treated with Opuntia ficus indica extract (100mg/kg), and a group treated with cactus extract then treated with CPF. These components were daily administered by gavage for 30days. After treatment, immunotoxicity was estimated by a count of thymocytes, splenocytes, stem cells in the bone marrow, relative weights of thymus and spleen, DNA aspects, and oxidative stress status in these organs. Results showed that CPF could induce thymus atrophy, splenomegaly, and a decrease in the cell number in the bone marrow. It also increased the oxidative stress markers resulting in elevated levels of the lipid peroxidation with a concomitant decrease in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx) in both spleen and thymus, and also degradation of thymocyte and splenocyte DNA. Consistent histological changes were found in the spleen and thymus under CPF treatment. However, administration of Opuntia ficus indica extract was found to alleviate this CPF-induced damage.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Inibidores da Colinesterase/toxicidade , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Opuntia/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Esplenomegalia/induzido quimicamente , Esplenomegalia/patologia , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Timócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In this study, the antioxidant, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective properties and the bioactive composition of Lycium europaeum were investigated. Polyphenols and total tannin contents were measured by colorimetric methods The antioxidant activity in vitro was evaluated using the reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and phosphomolybdenum assays. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity effects were studied using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and renal injuries in mice. The analgesic activity was explored using the hot-plate and acetic acid tests in mice. Results showed that the methanol fraction of L. europaeum (LEM) had the highest level of total phenolic, total tannin, and flavonoid. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of twelve compounds among them caffeic acid was the major compound (140.18µg/g of extract). This fraction also showed the best antioxidant activity in vitro in the three used assays. In vivo, in the mice studies, CCl4 administration induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by a significant rise in the levels of serum liver biomarkers (gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aminotransferases) and serum renal biomarkers (urea, creatinine, and uric acid). Similarly, levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in both tissues were found increased by CCl4 intoxication. Pretreatment with LEM and quercetin significantly restored the majority of these biological parameters to normal levels, as well as an improvement of histopathological changes. In addition, LEM showed an interesting analgesic activity. LEM decreased significantly the number of writhing induced by acetic acid and prolonged the reaction time in response to thermal stimulus in mice. Therefore, it was speculated that the obtained results highlighted the potential use of L. europaeum as a source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological advantages.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Rim/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Lycium/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Flavonoides/análise , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Metanol , Camundongos , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Quercetina/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Taninos/análise , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Obesity is a one of the main global public health problems associated with chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and cancer. As a solution to obesity, we suggest Plantago albicans, which is a medicinal plant with several biological effects. This study assesses the possible anti-obesity protective properties of Plantago albicans in high fat diet-fed rats. 28 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; a group which received normal diet (C), the second group was fed HDF diet (HDF), the third group was given normal diet supplemented with Plantago albicans (P.AL), and the fourth group received HDF supplemented with Plantago albicans (HDF+P.AL) (30mg/kg/day) for 7 weeks. Our results showed an increase in body weight of HDF rats by â¼16% as compared to the control group with an increase in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) as well as LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) in serum. Also, the concentration of TBARS increased in the liver and heart of HDF-fed rats as compared to the control group. The oral gavage of Plantago albicans extract to obese rats induced a reduction in their body weight, lipid accumulation in liver and heart tissue, compared to the high-fat diet control rats. The obtained results proved that the antioxidant potency of Plantago albicans extracts was correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated by DPPH test (as EC50=250±2.12µg/mL) and FRAP tests (as EC50=27.77±0.14µg/mL). These results confirm the phytochemical and antioxidant impact of Plantago albicans extracts. Plantago albicans content was determined using validated HPLC methodology.
Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantago , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fármacos Antiobesidade/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/sangue , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Recuperação de Fluorescência Após Fotodegradação , Lipídeos/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta , Plantago/química , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder and is associated with significant comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. This pathology is changing worldwide and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, carried out on adult male Wistar rats, evaluates the inhibitory effects of supplementation with apple pectin molecule on obesity. Under our experimental conditions, administration of pectin molecule decreased 1) the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-ch) and triglycerides (TG) levels as well as ASAT, ALAT, LDH, ALP, UREA and uric acid (UC) levels in blood serum; and 2) increased the creatinine levels (CREA), compared to HFD group. TBARS concentrations decreased in liver, kidney, and serum by 20%, 29% and 19%, respectively, in a group treated with high-fat diet and pectin (HFD+Pec) compared to a HFD-treated group. The same treatment with pectin molecule increased superoxide dismutase, glutathion peroxidase and catalase activities by 39%, 14% and 16% in liver; 5%, 7% and 31% in kidney; and 9%, 32% and 22% in blood serum in the HFD Pec-treated group. The anti-obesity effects of the pectin molecule in several organs are mainly due to the interaction of this molecule with both the polysaccharide and the enzyme system which can be determined by phytochemical analysis.
Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/uso terapêutico , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Malus , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Pectinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Fármacos Antiobesidade/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Masculino , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Pectinas/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Malva sylvestris has recently attracted special attention due to its potential activities in many chronic disorders. We aimed to assess the beneficial effects of Malva sylvestris extract against lithium carbonate induced renal damage in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, Malva sylvestris extract at a dose of 0.2g/kg was orally administrated, followed by 25mg/kg of lithium carbonate (intraperitoneal injection) for 30 days. Malva sylvestris extract was proved to contain large amounts of K+, Na+, Ca++ and the existence of phenolic acids and flavonoids shown by the obtained HPLC-based analysis. The antioxidant capacities in vitro showed high level of radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The in vivo results showed that intraperitoneal injection of lithium carbonate exhibited a significant increase (p<0.01) of serum creatinine and urea and reduced serum sodium and potassium concentrations. Lithium carbonate also induced oxidative damage as indicated by a significant raise in LPO level associated with a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the kidney. However, pretreatment with Malva sylvestris extract restored the status of all parameters studied. It can be concluded that lithium carbonate has induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes and histopathological damage but the supplementation with Malva sylvestris extract has prevented such toxicity.