Clinicopathological significance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan-catabolising enzyme that induces immune tolerance by modulating T-cell responses. Carcinomas may create an immunosuppressive state via IDO1 expression. Here we examined a possible contribution of IDO1 on this phenomenon and investigated whether IDO1 has prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: IDO1 expression was investigated by quantitative PCR and western blotting in three colon cancer cell lines, in basal state and after interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate IDO1 expression in 265 pT1-4N0-2Mx-staged CRCs. Results were related to clinical variables and correlated with amounts of CD3(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, which were quantitatively evaluated using image analysis. RESULTS: In vitro expression of IDO1 depended on IFN-γ stimulation. Higher IDO1 expression at the tumour invasion front was an independent adverse prognostic factor in pT1-4N1Mx-staged CRC. It was associated with overall survival (P=0.001) and with metachronous metastases (P=0.018). IDO1 expression was not associated with the presence of CD3(+) or CD8(+) T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Higher IDO1 expression at the tumour invasion front is involved in CRC progression and correlates with impaired clinical outcome, suggesting that IDO1 is an independent prognostic indicator for CRC.

Bilateral temporomandibular joint ankyloses after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible: An uncommon clinical case with long-term outcome evaluation.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is an extremely handicapping condition characterized by a permanent restriction in the ability to open the mouth, and it is mainly caused by traumatic and infectious events. It rarely occurs as a complication following orthognathic surgery. The treatment goals are the restoration of viable mandibular function and, in growing pediatric patients, symmetrical mandibular development. We are reporting here the unusual case of a bilateral bony TMJ ankylosis in a patient who underwent a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible for correction of a mandibular deficiency. The patient was treated by bilateral arthrotomies with the interposition of a full-thickness skin graft as well as bilateral coronoidectomies with a favorable long-term (6 years) functional outcome. Only one similar case has been previously reported in the literature.

[A nutrient medium for culturing fungi based on a flores chamomillae infusion. II. The evaluation of the biological properties of fungi cultured on a medium with a flores chamomillae infusion]. / Mediu nutritiv pentru cultivarea fungilor preparat pe baza de infuzie de flores chamomillae. II. Evaluarea unor propietati biologice ale fungilor cultivati pe mediul cu infuzie de flores chamomillae.

The paper reports on the biological properties of Candida albicans (strain I.C. - 130) cultivated on a medium with infusion of Flores chamomillae (I.F.C.) in parallel to the same strain cultivated on the medium Sabouraud (control). The results obtained showed an identical phenotypical profile for the biological properties investigated (fermentation capacity of glucides, reduction of TTC, formation of chlamydospores on the PCB special medium, antigenic structure, sensibility to antifungal substances, virulence). The qualities of the I.F.C. medium for the optimum insurance of the metabolic requirements of the fungi, for their recovery from clinical samples with a high rate of positivity, for ensuring the maintenance of the main biological properties of the fungi, to which the economical advantages are added (low price, easy availability of the raw material simple and rapid preparation methodology) recommend its use in the clinical laboratory, instead of the classical Sabouraud medium to which it corresponds qualitatively.

[A nutrient medium for culturing fungi based on a flores chamomillae infusion. I. The nutrient capacity and capacities for selecting and recovering fungi from clinical samples of a medium with a flores chamomillae infusion]. / Mediu nutritiv pentru cultivarea fungilor preparat pe baza de infuzie de Flores chamomillae. I. Capacitatile nutritive, selective si de recuperare a fungilor din probe clinice ale mediului cu infuzie de Flores chamomillae.

The study suggests a new culture medium, of the Sabouraud type. The medium was tested for its nutritive and recovery properties of the fungi in clinical samples, in parallel to the classical medium Sabouraud with chloramphenicol (Sab. + C). The results obtained showed the following: the I.F.C. + C medium ensures optimum cultivation conditions of some fungi species, potentially pathogenic for man, has a high selectivity and the ability of making evident the fungi in different clinical samples at very near-related parameters practically identical with the parameters of the classical Sabouraud medium. These qualities, completed by the economical advantages and the availability of the raw material necessary for the preparation of the basic vegetal extract, recommend the use of the I.F.C. + C medium as a nutrient medium for isolation and cultivation of fungi.