MUC5AC: A potential biomarker of severity in pediatric patients infected with influenza.

Numerous factors can increase the risk of severe influenza; however, a majority of severe cases occur in previously healthy children. Identification of high-risk children is important for targeted preventive interventions and prompt treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate MUC5AC as a biomarker for influenza disease severity in children. For this, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 2019. Children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) with confirmed positive influenza infection were enrolled. Influenza cases were identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Life-threatening disease (LTD) was defined by the need for intensive care and ventilatory support. MUC5AC, epidemiologic, and clinical risk factors were assessed. Three hundred and forty-two patients were hospitalized with ARI, of which 49 (14%) had confirmed influenza infection and 6 (12%) of them developed LTD. MUC5AC levels were higher in those patients with mild disease compared to cases with poorer outcomes. Our results show that the severity of influenza infection in children is significantly associated with low levels of MUC5AC. These findings suggest its potential as a suitable biomarker for predicting disease severity.

Feasibility and results of an intraarterial chemotherapy program for the conservative treatment of retinoblastoma in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility and results of intraarterial chemotherapy, also termed ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC), for retinoblastoma in less developed countries have seldom been reported. PROCEDURE: A retrospective evaluation of a program of OAC in Argentina from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS: Ninety-seven eyes from 81 patients (61 bilateral) were analyzed. In 35 eyes, OAC was given as primary therapy and in 62 it was used for the treatment of tumors with partial response or those relapsing after systemic chemoreduction with focal therapy or external-beam radiotherapy. Twenty-two primarily treated eyes had group D and 13 groups B/C. A total of 400 procedures were carried out. Chemotherapy used included combinations of melphalan, carboplatin, and topotecan. There was no mortality associated with OAC. Toxicity included fever and neutropenia in five (1.25%), hypotension and bradycardia during anesthesia in two and femoral thrombosis in one, eyelid edema in nine, and neutropenia or thrombocytopenia in 28 cycles. With a median follow-up of 48.7 months (range 12-79), the 3-year probability of event-free survival (pEFS) (enucleation and/or radiotherapy were considered events) was comparable for patients who received first-line therapy and those treated at relapse (0.65 vs. 0.63, P = 0.5). In the former, the pEFS was 0.91 and 0.43 for groups B/C and D, respectively (P = 0.01). Two patients died of extraocular dissemination after refusal of enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: OAC was feasible with low toxicity. pEFS improved in all groups compared to the previous experience with systemic chemotherapy reducing the use of radiotherapy. The overall mortality associated with OAC is comparable to our previous experience with systemic chemoreduction.

Antibody levels against respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein conformations and lack of association with life-threatening infection in previously healthy infants.

BACKGROUND: Humoral immune response against the pre-fusion (pre-F) conformation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein has been proposed to play a protective role against infection. An RSV pre-F maternal vaccine has been recently approved in several countries to protect young infants against RSV. We aimed to assess serum IgG titers against the pre-F and post-F conformations of RSV F protein and their association with life-threatening RSV disease (LTD) in previously healthy infants. METHODS: A prospective cohort study including hospitalized infants <12 months with a first RSV infection was conducted during 2017-2019. Patients with LTD required intensive care and mechanical respiratory assistance. RSV pre-F exclusive and post-F antibody responses were determined by post-F competition and non-competition immunoassays, respectively, and neutralizing activity was measured by plaque reduction neutralization test. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were included; the median age was 3.5 months and 41 % were females. Fifteen patients developed LTD. RSV F-specific antibody titers positively correlated with neutralizing antibody titers in acute and convalescent phases but, importantly, they did not associate with LTD. Acute RSV pre-F exclusive and post-F IgG titers negatively correlated with patient age (P = 0.0007 and P < 0.0001), while a positive correlation was observed between the fold changes in RSV F-specific antibody titers between convalescent and acute phase and patient age (P = 0.0014 and P < 0.0001). Infants ≤2 months exhibited significantly lower fold-changes in RSV F-specific and neutralizing antibody titers between convalescence and acute phase than older infants. Additionally, acute RSV antibody titers showed no correlation with nasal RSV load and, furthermore, nasal viral load was not associated with the development of LTD. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that protection against life-threatening RSV disease is not necessarily antibody-dependent. Further characterization of the immune response against RSV and its role in protection against severe disease is important for the development of the safest possible preventive strategies.

Current status of pediatric neurocritical care in Argentina. / Estado actual del soporte neurológico crítico en pediatría en la Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with neurocritical injuries account for 10-16 % of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and frequently require neuromonitoring. OBJECTIVE: To describe the current status of neuromonitoring in Argentina. METHODS: Survey with 37 questions about neuromonitoring without including patients' data. Period: April-June 2017. RESULTS: Thirty-eight responses were received out of 71 requests (14 districts with 11 498 annual discharges). The PICU/hospital bed ratio was 21.9 (range: 4.2-66.7). Seventy-four percent of PICUs were public; 61 %, university-affiliated; and 71 %, level I. The availability of monitoring techniques was similar between public and private (percentages): intracranial pressure (95), electroencephalography (92), transcranial Doppler (53), evoked potentials (50), jugular saturation (47), and bispectral index (11). Trauma was the main reason for monitoring. CONCLUSION: Except for intracranial pressure and electroencephalography, neuromonitoring resources are scarce and active neurosurgery availability is minimal. A PICU national registry is required.

Introducción. Los pacientes con lesiones neurocríticas representan el 10-16 % de los ingresos a unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricas (UCIP) y, frecuentemente, requieren neuromonitoreo. Objetivo. Describir el estado actual del neuromonitoreo en la Argentina. Métodos. Encuesta con 37 preguntas sobre neuromonitoreo sin incluir datos de pacientes. Período: abril-junio, 2017. Resultados. Se recibieron 38 respuestas a 71 solicitudes (14 distritos con 11 498 egresos anuales). La relación camas de UCIP/hospitalarias fue 21,9 (rango: 4,2-66,7). El 74 % fueron públicas; el 61 %, universitarias, y el 71 %, nivel 1. La disponibilidad fue similar entre públicas y privadas (porcentajes): presión intracraneana (95), electroencefalografía (92), doppler transcraneano (53), potenciales evocados (50), saturación yugular (47) e índice bispectral (11). El principal motivo de monitoreo fue trauma. Conclusión. Excepto la presión intracraneana y la electroencefalografía, los recursos de neuromonitoreo son escasos y la disponibilidad de neurocirugía activa es mínima. Se necesita un registro nacional de UCIP.

Terapia ocupacional desde una perspectiva ecosocial de la salud mental / Occupational therapy from an ecosocial perspective of mental health

Resumen Se describe la experiencia de un proyecto de huerta terapéutica ubicada en las inmediaciones del Servicio de psiquiatría del Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente (HGGB) de Concepción, Chile, liderada por la Organización No Gubernamental Rebrota (ONG Rebrota) en base a la perspectiva eco-social aplicada en personas con necesidades de salud mental. Se objetiva analizar la experiencia de Terapia Ocupacional Ecosocial como herramienta práctica para la transformación de los territorios, permitiendo a los terapeutas ocupacionales comprender la interacción entre la sociedad y la naturaleza como un proceso socioecológico que impacta en diferentes esferas de los seres humanos, especialmente en la participación social y la salud mental. Utilizando la metodología descriptiva del Modelo Procesal de Emprendimiento Eco-social realizamos una orientación práctica de acciones para que las comunidades, insertas en sus entornos naturales y culturales, logren descubrirse reflexivamente generando procesos de salud colectiva. La Terapia Ocupacional Ecosocial desarrolla praxis que mejoran la salud y promueven el bienestar de las personas, grupos y/o comunidades, generando un impacto positivo en los socio-ecosistemas y construyen comunidades más saludables, inclusivas, sostenibles. La Terapia Ocupacional Ecosocial es una invitación a generar proyectos de investigación-acción para mitigar el impacto social sobre la naturaleza en un contexto de crisis climática, donde encontramos comunidades en la génesis de saberes transculturales que nos permitan desarrollar una praxis transformadora para el buen vivir en sintonía con nuestro entorno; mientras mejoran su bienestar y participación, desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos y justicia ocupacional.

Abstract It is described the experience of a therapeutic garden project located in the vicinity of the Psychiatry Service of the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital (HGGB) in Concepción, Chile, led by the Non-Governmental Organization Rebrota (ONG Rebrota) based on the ecosocial perspective applied in people with mental health needs. It aims to analyze this Eco-social Occupational Therapy experience as a practical tool for the transformation of territories, allowing occupational therapists to understand the interaction between society and nature as a socio-ecological process that impacts different spheres of human beings, especially in social participation and mental health. Using the descriptive methodology of the Eco-social Entrepreneurship Process Model, we carry out a practical orientation of actions so that communities, inserted in their natural and cultural environments, can discover themselves reflexively, generating collective health processes. Eco-social Occupational Therapy develops practices that improve health and promotes the well-being of individuals, groups and/or communities, generating a positive impact on socio-ecosystems and building healthier, more inclusive, and sustainable communities. Eco-social Occupational Therapy is an invitation to generate research-action projects to mitigate the social impact on nature in a context of the climate crisis, where we find communities in the genesis of transcultural knowledge that allows us to develop a transformative praxis for good living in tune with our environment; while improving their well-being and participation, from a human rights and occupational justice perspectives.

Medicina y cirugía del trauma pediátrico. "Primum non nocere" y recomendaciones de no hacer / Medicine and surgery of pediatric trauma. "Primum non nocere" and recommendations about what not to do

No hacer daño es una condición médica, quirúrgica y ética esencial que siempre debe estar presente en todo acto médico. Este trabajo propone considerar 5 recomendaciones comprendidas en un espectro de situaciones que suceden cotidianamente durante la atención de pacientes en casos de emergencia. Estas sugerencias de diagnóstico y tratamiento tienen como objetivo reforzar el criterio que el médico de urgencias pone en práctica para resolver eficazmente situaciones que comprometan la vida y detectar así la patología oculta, potencialmente letal. Las 5 recomendaciones referidas fueron elegidas en base a la frecuente observación de conductas erróneas muy afianzadas en la práctica médica habitual. Durante la fase inicial de todo tratamiento se recomienda: 1. No administrar corticoides en el tratamiento de los traumatismos de cráneo, 2. No hiperoxigenar luego de la recuperación de un paro cardiopulmonar, 3. No administrar volúmenes excesivos de líquidos ante una situación de emergencia hemodinámica, 4. No colocar pinzas hemostáticas a ciegas para cohibir hemorragias externas y 5. No indicar indiscriminadamente una TAC de cráneo simple en menores de 2 años con TEC leve

No damage is an essential medical, surgical and ethical requirement which must always be kept in mind. This paper proposes to keep in mind 5 recommendations that cover a spectrum of situations which occur during emergency situations on a frequent basis. These diagnostic and treatment suggestions will aim to reinforce the criteria used by the emergency physician to effectively resolve life-threatening situations and detect hidden, potentially lethal pathology. The referred 5 recommendations were chosen based on the frequent observation of erroneous behaviors firmly established in the usual medical practice. During the initial phase of treatment we recommend: 1. Do not administer corticosteroids during the head injuries treatment. 2. Do not hyperoxygenate after recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest. 3. Do not administer excessive volumes of liquids in a hemodynamic emergency situation. 4. Do not place hemostatic clamps blindly to inhibit external bleedingsand 5. Do not indiscriminately perform a CT scan in children under 2 years with mild head injury

Estado actual del soporte neurológico crítico en pediatría en la Argentina / Current status of pediatric neurocritical care in Argentina

Introducción. Los pacientes con lesiones neurocríticas representan el 10-16 % de los ingresos a unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricas (UCIP) y, frecuentemente, requieren neuromonitoreo. Objetivo. Describir el estado actual del neuromonitoreo en la Argentina. Métodos. Encuesta con 37 preguntas sobre neuromonitoreo sin incluir datos de pacientes. Período: abril-junio, 2017. Resultados. Se recibieron 38 respuestas a 71 solicitudes (14 distritos con 11498 egresos anuales). La relación camas de UCIP/hospitalarias fue 21,9 (rango: 4,2-66,7). El 74 % fueron públicas; el 61 %, universitarias, y el 71 %, nivel 1. La disponibilidad fue similar entre públicas y privadas (porcentajes): presión intracraneana (95), electroencefalografía (92), doppler transcraneano (53), potenciales evocados (50), saturación yugular (47) e índice bispectral (11). El principal motivo de monitoreo fue trauma. Conclusión. Excepto la presión intracraneana y la electroencefalografía, los recursos de neuromonitoreo son escasos y la disponibilidad de neurocirugía activa es mínima. Se necesita un registro nacional de UCIP.

Introduction. Patients with neurocritical injuries account for 10-16 % of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and frequently require neuromonitoring. Objective. To describe the current status of neuromonitoring in Argentina. Methods. Survey with 37 questions about neuromonitoring without including patients' data. Period: April-June 2017. Results. Thirty-eight responses were received out of 71requests (14districts with 11498annual discharges). The PICU/hospital bed ratio was 21.9 (range: 4.2-66.7). Seventy-four percent of PICUs were public; 61%, university-affiliated; and 71%, levelI. The availability of monitoring techniques was similar between public and private (percentages): intracranial pressure (95), electroencephalography (92), transcranial Doppler (53), evoked potentials (50), jugular saturation (47), and bispectral index(11). Trauma was the main reason for monitoring. Conclusion. Except for intracranial pressure and electroencephalography, neuromonitoring resources are scarce and active neurosurgery availability is minimal. A PICU national registry is required.

Impacto del uso de oxigenoterapia de alto flujo en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez / Impact of high-flow oxygen therapy in Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital

Introducción. En la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 35 000 niños con infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) son asistidos por el sistema de salud pública cada año, 8-10% requieren internación en unidades de clínica (UC) y de ellos 5-12% ingresa a unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP). La oxigenoterapia a través de cánulas nasales de alto flujo (CNAF) surge como alternativa terapéutica en la escalada de tratamiento. Objetivos. Describir la implementación de un protocolo de asistencia progresiva incluyendo CNAF a pacientes con IRAB internados en UC del Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez" desde junio a septiembre del bienio 2017/2018. Analizar el impacto de la implementación comparando los resultados con el mismo periodo del bienio anterior (2015/2016) considerando la tasa de admisión a UTIP como punto final. Métodos. Cohorte prospectiva con controles históricos. Los datos 2017/2018 se recolectaron en un formulario diseñado para tal fin y los de 2015/2016 se obtuvieron de registros del servicio de Epidemiología. Se incluyeron pacientes de 1 a 18 meses internados por IRAB. Los resultados se expresan como cantidad, porcentaje e intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC95%) y las medidas de asociación como riesgo relativo (RR), reducción de riesgo absoluto (RRA) y número necesario a tratar (NNT). Resultados. En el bienio 2015/2016 se internaron en UC 547 pacientes (266 y 281, respectivamente) con una tasa de admisión a UTIP de 5,7% (IC95% 3,7-7,6; n=31) y una mortalidad de 0.7% (IC95% 0.2-1.4; n=4). En el bienio 2017/2018 se internaron 391 pacientes (219 y 172 respectivamente), 203 de los cuales recibieron CNAF (51,9%). La tasa de admisión a UTIP fue 4,6% (IC95% 2,5-6,7%; n=18) y requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) 2,8% (IC95% 1,2-4,5; n=11 de 391) con una mortalidad de 0%. La comparación de ambos grupos con respecto al ingreso a UTIP mostró: RR=0,81 (IC95% 0,46-1,43), RRA=1,1%, NNT=94. Entre 2015/2016 y 2017/2018 no se observaron diferencias significativas en edad: 7 meses (4-11) vs. 8 (4-12) ni en prevalencia de gérmenes en IFI: negativo 54.2%, VSR 35.1% vs. negativo 48.3% y VSR 43.9%, respectivamente; con una estadía hospitalaria discretamente menor: 6 días (4-9) vs 5 (3-7). No se observaron complicaciones asociadas al uso de CNAF. Conclusión. La implementación estandarizada de CNAF en UC fue una medida segura y bien tolerada

Introduction. In Buenos Aires city 35 000 children with acute lower respiratory infection (LRTI) are assisted by the public health system every year. 8 to 10% of them require hospitalization in general wards (GW) while 5 to 12% of those are admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Oxygen therapy through high flow nasal cannulas (HFNC) rises as a therapeutic option during treatment. Objectives. To describe the implementation of a progressive assistance protocol including HFNC for LRTI patients in GW at "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez" children hospital between June and September, 2017 and 2018. To compare these results with the equivalent period from the previous biennium (2015/2016), considering PICU admission as the outcome. Methods. Prospective cohort study with historical controls. Records from 2015/2016 were provided by the Epidemiology service and those from 2017/2018 were collected prospectively in a specifically designed form. Hospitalized LRTI patients ranging from 1 to 18 months of age were included. Results are expressed as Relative Risk (RR), Absolute Risk Reduction (RRA) and number needed to treat (NNT). Results. In 2015/2016 biennium, 547 patients were hospitalized in GW (266 and 281, respectively) with a PICU admission rate of 5,7% (95%CI 3,7-7,6; n=31) and a mortality of 0.7% (95%CI 0.2-1.4; n=4). In 2017/2018 biennium, 391 patients were hospitalized (219 and 172, respectively), 203 of which received HFNC (51,9%). PICU admission rate was 4,6% (95%CI 2,5-6,7%; n=18) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was required in 2,8% of the cases (95%CI 1,2-4,5; n=11 out of 391) with 0% mortality. Comparing both groups in terms of PICU admission, the following was observed: RR=0,81, RRA=1,1%, NNT=94. Between 2015/2016 and 2017/2018 no differences were observed in age: 7 (4-11) vs. 8 months (4-12), length of stay: 6 (4-9) vs. 5 days (3-7), or germ prevalence in IFA-test: 54.2% negative and 35.1% RSV vs. 48.3% negative and 43.9% RSV 43.9%, respectively. No complications associated with the new protocol were observed. Conclusion. Standardized HFNC use in UC was shown as a safe and well-tolerated measure

Procuración y trasplante de órganos y tejidos / Procurement and Transplantation of Organs and Tissues

Los avances de la medicina han hecho posible que el trasplante de órganos y tejidos sea una opción terapéutica para la curación de algunas patologías, y mejora de la calidad de vida en otras. Por cada donante de órganos se pueden realizar siete trasplantes de órganos sólidos y varios más de tejidos. La actividad trasplantológica en nuestro país está regulada por el Instituto Nacional Central Único de Ablación e Implante (INCUCAI) y sus organismos provinciales, coordinados bajo el Programa Nacional de Procuración. Existen además otros programas que organizan, promueven y educan al personal de salud en el seguimiento de pacientes críticos, detección de potenciales donantes y guían el proceso de donación-trasplante. Estos programas son el Programa Federal de Procuración de Órganos y Tejidos, con el Subprograma de Garantía de Calidad (Glasgow 7) y el Programa Nacional de Atención Integrada del Paciente Crítico y Potencial Donante. El Coordinador Hospitalario tiene un rol clave en todo el proceso de donación-trasplante, así como también en la educación del personal sanitario. El Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez es uno de los hospitales de Municipalidad que cuenta con esta figura. Desde el año pasado se modificó la Ley que rige para todo el país, y como personal sanitario es importante conocerla y entenderla para poder trabajar en conjunto en pos del beneficio del paciente

The advances of medicine have made it possible for organ and tissue transplants to be a therapeutic option for the cure of some pathologies, and to improve the quality of life in others. Seven organ transplants and several more tissues can be performed for each organ donor. Transplantology activity in our country is regulated by the National Central Single Ablation and Implant Institute (INCUCAI) and its provincial agencies, coordinated under the National Procurement Program. There are also other programs that organize, promote and educate health personnel in the follow-up of critical patients, detection of potential donors and guide the donation-transplant process. These programs are the Federal Program for Procurement of Organs and Tissues, with the Subprogram of Quality Assurance (Glasgow 7) and the National Program of Integrated Care of Critical Patients and Potential Donors. The Hospital Coordinator plays a key role in the entire donation-transplant process, as well as in the education of health personnel. The Hospital of Children Ricardo Gutiérrez is one of the hospitals of the Municipality that has this figure. Since last year, the Law that governs the entire country has been modified, and as health personnel it is important to know and understand it in order to work together to benefit the patient

Recomendaciones actuales sobre el monitoreo de la Presión intracraneal en niños con traumatismo de cráneo severo / Current recommendations on monitoring of intracranial pressure in children with severe Traumatic Brain Injury

El trauma es la principal causa de muerte en niños de 1 a 14 años, siendo el Traumatismo de cráneo grave el 50% de las mismas. Además puede asociarse a elevada morbilidad con secuelas. La hipertensión intracraneal es una de las principales injurias secundarias que actúan sobre el cerebro. La incidencia de hipertensión intracraneal en estos pacientes es elevada, pese a ello no se han podido identificar marcadores que puedan determinar su presencia. La monitorización de la Presión intracraneal en forma invasiva debe realizarse en este grupo de pacientes, ya que el aumento de la misma se ha relacionado con resultados neurológicos negativos. El control protocolizado de la presión intracraneal puede generar mejoría de los mismos, lo cual es sostenido en la tercera edición de las Guías para el manejo del traumatismo de cráneo severo pediátrico publicadas por la Brain Trauma Foundation en el año 2019. En esta revisión se plasmarán los conceptos que avalan la utilización del monitoreo invasivo de la Presión Intracraneana

Trauma is the leading cause of death in children ages 1-14. Traumatic Brain Injury accounts for 50% of deaths and is associated with high morbidity and sequelae. Intracranial hypertension is one of the main secondary insults acting on the brain. The incidence of intracranial hypertension in these patients is high, but it has not been possible to identify markers that could determine its presence or absence. This supports that the monitoring of intracranial pressure in an invasive way should be done in this group of patients, since the increase of this, has been related to poor neurological outcomes and the protocolized management of intracranial hypertension can generates improvement in them. This is sustained in the third edition of the Guidelines for the management of Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, published by the Brain Trauma Foundation in the year 2019. In this review, the concepts that support the use of invasive monitoring of Intracranial Pressure will be embodied

Critically ill infants and children with influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological features, course, and outcomes of critically ill pediatric patients with Influenza A (H1N1) virus. DESIGN: Prospective cohort of children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) due to Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. SETTING: Seventeen medical-surgical PICUs in tertiary care hospital in Argentina. PATIENTS: All consecutive patients admitted to the PICUs with influenza A (H1N1) viral infection from 15 June to 31 July 2009. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 437 patients with acute lower respiratory infection in PICUs, 147 (34%) were diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) related to critical illness. The median age of these patients was 10 months (IQR 3-59). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 117 (84%) on admission. The rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 80% (118 of 147 patients). Initial non-invasive ventilation failed in 19 of 22 attempts (86%). Mortality at 28 days was 39% (n = 57). Chronic complex conditions (CCCs), acute renal dysfunction (ARD) and ratio PaO(2)/FiO(2) at day 3 on MV were independently associated with a higher risk of mortality. The odds ratio (OR) for CCCs was 3.06, (CI 95% 1.36-6.84); OR for ARD, 3.38, (CI 95% 1.45-10.33); OR for PaO(2)/FiO(2), 4 (CI 95% 1.57-9.59). The administration of oseltamivir within 24 h after admission had a protective effect: OR 0.2 (CI 95% 0.07-0.54). CONCLUSIONS: In children with ARDS, H1N1 as an etiologic agent confers high mortality, and the presence of CCCs in such patients increases the risk of death.

Traumatismo encefalocraneano leve en pacientes pedíatricos: Factores de riesgo / Slight encephalocranean traumatism in pediatrics patients: Factors of risk

El traumatismo encefalocraneano (TEC) es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en la urgencia pediátrica, tanto en el medio hospitalario como en la atención primaria. El objetivo de la presente monografía es determinar los factores de riesgo en los pacientes con TEC leve.

Respuesta terapéutica inadecuada a la warfarina en un paciente genéticamente susceptible / Inadequate therapeutic response to warfarin in a patient genetically warfarin-sensitive

La warfarina es uno de los anticoagulantes orales m s usados en la terapéutica médica, cuya dosificación requiere un monitoreo serológico (INR: International Normalized Ratio) debido a su rango terapéutico estrecho y la potencial gravedad de sus efectos adversos. La enzima codificada por el gene CYP2C9 es el principal metabolizador de la warfarina. Se ha determinado la existencia de dos variantes de este gene, relativamente frecuentes en la población, que determinan un fenotipo "metabolizador lento". Los portadores de estos alelos variantes requieren dosis menores de warfarina para lograr la anticoagulación y est n expuestos a mayor riesgo de sangrado durante la anticoagulación oral con este f rmaco. Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente que estando bajo tratamiento profil ctico con warfarina sufre un aumento disparado del INR y un episodio de hematuria. Se analizó el genotipo del paciente demostr ndose que era homocigoto para uno de estos alelos variantes (genotipo: CYP2C9 *3/*3). Se discuten las aplicaciones de la farmacogenética en el manejo clínico de estos pacientes y la prevención de los efectos adversos de un f rmaco con un rango terapéutico estrecho.

Programa de atención pediátrica domiciliaria nocturna / Nocturnal domiciliary pediatric attention program

Informe estadístico de la actividad del programa, implementado en Abril de 2000 por la Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Presenta promedio mensual de consultas diarias, evolución del programa por mes y a±o, porcentajes de atenciones según edad de los pacientes, variación de llamadas a lo largo del horario del programa, demora en la atención, resolución del pedido, y principales diagnósticos