[The present-day medical demographic situation in the Republic of Karelia].

The analysis of basic medical and demographic indicators (primary morbidity and disability of adult population, mortality, age structure and life expectancy) and provision of medical care in the Republic of Karelia in 2011-2020 was carried out. It established consistently high level of primary morbidity of population with respiratory diseases; injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external causes; diseases of genitourinary system. Diseases of cardiovascular system and malignant neoplasms occupy leading positions in the structure of causes of disability and mortality of population during period under review. The levels of primary morbidity, disability and mortality of the Republic population are higher than at national level. The age structure of population has regressive type, there is long-term process of demographic aging, life expectancy is gradually increasing. Since 2011, the number of out-patient clinics increased up to 3 times and their capacity increased too. The degree of provision of population with medical personnel remained stable for a decade. The number of secondary medical personnel is decreasing, while both indicators are higher than the national indocators.

[Peculiarities of clinical picture of duodenal ulcer in the population of Northern Europe].

Duodenal ulcer remains a serious challenge to gastroenterology due to the difficulty of its management despite recent progress in this field. The role of melatonin in human body has attracted much attention of researchers in the recent years. Disturbances of its production are widely recognized to be involved in pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and its exacerbation. This review summarizes results of research on the clinical picture of the disease in the population of European North where circadian and seasonal variations in melatonin production are most strongly pronounced.

[The prospects for the use of chronomodulated chemo- and radiotherapy in oncology].

We have analysed the available worlds scientific literature concerning chronotherapy of malignant neoplasms of different localization. The review is focused on the results of multicenter investigations into this problem organized by the chronotherapy group in the framework of EORTC that have demonstrated a higher antiblastoma activity and improved tolerability of preparations applied in the chronomodulated regimen in comparison with the traditional treatment. Our original observations and recommendations ensuing from our many-year experience with the use of chemo- and radiotherapy of rectal and cervical cancer in the optimal time of day for the normal tissues constitute a basis for the more extensive introduction of chronobiological techniques to clinical practice.

[Rotaviruses in younger children in Novosibirsk in 2005-2007: detection and genotyping].

Examination of 1898 patients with acute enteric infection from March 2005 to February 2007 showed that group A rotaviruses were the most frequent cause (35%) of acute gastroenteritis among children under 3 years of age. Majority of cases of rotavirus infection was detected in infants under 1 year of age (71.8%). The peak of sporadic incidence was observed between February and May. High rate of mixed infection (45.6%) was observed - associations of rotaviruses with other viruses (noroviruses, astroviruses) and bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and opportunistic species) were detected. P- and G-genotypes of 337(50.8%) isolates of group A rotaviruses were determined by RT-PCR. The most prevalent strain was P[8]G1 (54.6%) followed by P[8]G3 (10.7%), P[8]G9 (8.6%), P[4]G2 (8.3%), and P[8]G4 (4.5%) genotypes.

[Quantitative characteristics of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by the neutrophils in experimental systemic candidiasis]. / Kolichestvennaia kharakteristika reduktsii nitrosinego tetrazoliia neitrofilami pri éksperimental'nom sistemnom kandidoze.

The quantitative study of the reduction capacity of neutrophils with respect to nitro blue tetrazolium in experimental systemic candidiasis has revealed an increase in this capacity within 20 days of the infection. The reduction capacity has been found to depend not only on the degree of the contamination of the body with Candida cells, but also on the stage of the inflammatory process.

[Activity of myocardial, kidney and serum isoenzymes in experimental staphylococcal infection]. / Aktivnost' nekotorykh izofermentov serdechnoi myshtsy, pochek i syvorotki krovi pri éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

Alteration in activity and spectrum of multiple forms of some enzymes were studied in rat blood serum, myocardium and kidney cells in dynamics of staphylococcal infection as well as after administration of exo- and intracellular protein of staphylococci into animals. In the infection intracellular distribution of enzymes was impared in animal tissues studied and "tissue" isoforms of enzymes were accumulated in blood. Staphylococcal exo- and intracellular substances were found to effect dissimilarly on spectrum and activity of isoenzymes from rat kydney, myocardium and blood serum.

[The characteristics of the immunity status of people with arterial hypertension who took part in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Osobennosti sostoianiia immuniteta u lits s arterial'noi gipertenziei, prinimavshikh uchastie v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na ChAES.

Clinical and immunological investigations were conducted in 70 patients with arterial hypertension from among those individuals having taken part in the elimination of the aftereffects of the Chernobyl APP breakdown in 1986-1987. The analysis of the results obtained showed the patients with primary and renal hypertension present with pathogenetic heterogeneity of the immune disturbances, which fact necessitates conducting rigorous immunologic monitoring for the methods of immune correction to be objectivized.

[Deoxyribonuclease activity in the blood serum of persons participating in liquidation of the effects of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant]. / Aktivnost' dezoksiribonukleaz syvorotki krovi lits, uchastvova- iushchikh v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Deoxyribonuclease activity in blood serum was comparatively analyzed in 90 subjects who had been engaged in liquidation of consequences of the catastrophe at Chernobyl NPS in 1986, and in 55 normal donors. It was found that the mean value of deoxyribonuclease activity in the group of the liquidators was significantly lower as compared to that of donors. A stable decrease of activity of neutral deoxyribonuclease (DNAse I, pH 7.3) was detected in 18 and that of acid deoxyribonuclease (DNAse II) in 9 out of 90 subjects investigated. The anamnesis of most of the patients with lowered deoxyribonuclease activity has revealed transient leukopenia, decreased parameters of T-cellular immunity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils.

[Cerebral control over locomotor function in occupational hand disease caused by local muscular overstrain]. / Tserebral'noe obespechenie dvigatel'noi funktsii pri professional'nykh zabolevaniiakh ruk ot regional'nogo myshechnogo peretruzhivaniia.

Predominant orientation of local muscular load to proximal or distal portions of shoulders and upper limbs considerably influences features of changes in brain functions and blood supply. Characteristic for plasterers, localization of myogeloses in upper part of trapezium muscles causes not only impaired vertebrobasillar circulation, but also venous cerebral stasis and caudal medullar dysfunction. Clinical symptoms are vestibular disorders, depressed functions of hearing, chronic venous cerebral congestion, posture-tonic disorders. Local loads on distal portions of limbs have other mechanisms of cerebral and peripheral disorders.

[Immunity status in persons participating in liquidation of the effects of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant]. / Sostoianie immuniteta u lits, prinimavshikh uchastie v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

The time course study of the immunity status of 57 subjects who were engaged in liquidation of consequences of the catastrophe at Chernobyl NPS in May-December, 1986, has revealed a high frequency of disorders in bactericidal and digestive activities of neutrophils, as well as in the functional activity of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The incidence rate of subjects with disturbed functional activity of T-lymphocytes is significantly higher in the group of subjects with suppressed capacity of blood lymphocytes for DNA repair as compared to those with normal levels of blood lymphocyte capacity for DNA repair.

[The individual postradiation reactions of cyclic nucleotides in the lymphoid cells of the rat spleen]. / Individual'nye postradiatsionnye reaktsii tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v limfoidnykh kletkakh selezenki krys.

X irradiation (4.3 Gy) of rats was shown to cause different reactions of the cyclic nucleotide system in differently reactive animals which was determined by the neutrophilic response in the peripheral blood after three-hour immobilization. Changes in the cyclic nucleotide content and in the activity of adenylate cyclase were found to occur in both hyper- and hyporeactive animals 24 h after irradiation. In hyperreactive animals, however, these changes were more pronounced: a relative ability of adenylate cyclase to be activated in hyperreactive animals made 30%, and 52% in hyporeactive animals. The cAMP content in lymphocytes of the spleen of hyporeactive rats was twice as high as that in hyperreactive animals.

[The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to repair DNA and the survival of rats]. / Sposobnost' limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi k reparatsii DNK i vyzhivaemost' krys.

Individual and group differences were revealed in the capacity of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes of DNA repair in response to the DNA damaging test-effect of irradiation in vitro. The survival rate of rats irradiated with a dose inducing 50-per cent death was in a definite relationship with the repair capacity of blood lymphocyte DNA in each animal individual prior to irradiation.

[The individual characteristics of the postradiation reaction of the cyclic nucleotides in rat thymocytes]. / Individual'nye osobennosti postradiatsionnoi reaktsii tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov timotsitov krys.

It was shown that X-irradiation of rats (4.3 Gy), which were preliminarily divided into two groups by the neutrophilic reaction in the peripheral blood to the effect of a three-hour immobilization, induced different reactions of the cyclic nucleotide system. Thus, in animals hyper-reactive to stress radiation injury to the above system was severe: relative reactivity made 22.8% of the initial value, and adenylate cyclase ability to respond to a hormonal stimulus was drastically inhibited. In hyporeactive animals, relative reactivity of adenylate cyclase system after irradiation made 47% throughout the same period of observation; inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity was also less pronounced.

[Ability of the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of oncologic patients to repair DNA]. / Sposobnost' limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi onkologicheskikh bol'nykh k reparatsii DNK.

A study was made of the level of reparative capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients in response to DNA damaging R-radiation testing at a dose of 250 Gy before the next course of cancer chemotherapy. A low capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes for reparation of DNA or its complete suppression is characteristic for most cancer patients irrespective of a nosological entity and the number of cancer chemotherapy courses in their history. The frequency of cancer patients with the initially suppressed capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA reparation has an increasing tendency depending on the spreading of a process. These data can serve as an additional criterion of prognosis of complication during antitumor therapy.