[Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema]. / Metody lecheniya khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni i emfizemy legkikh.

We summarized the available data on therapeutic, surgical and endoscopic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema that may be used like a bridge to lung transplantation. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema is expensive. Certain limitations in lung transplantation make to create new methods of treatment of severe emphysema. However, one should be ready for possible complications and carefully select patients for certain treatment to avoid false negative results. Reducing costs or developing cheaper treatments is important for the future and availability of care. The risks and complications associated with surgical treatment of emphysema can make endoscopic surgery preferable for these patients, and this undoubtedly requires further research.

[ACTUAL STRATEGY OF TREATMENT VARICOSE VEINS RECURRENCE AFTER ENDOVENOUS INTERVENTIONS].

The aim of the study is to substantiate the surgical treatment tactics of recurrence varicose veins after endovenous interventions. Early and long-term results of the treatment, quality of life of patients with recurrence of varicose veins were studied. Among the admitted patients, there were 55 (65.5%) women and 29 (34.5%) men, the age of patients varied from 19 to 76 years. Of these, 9 patients underwent crossectomy, endovenous laser coagulation - 22, various stripping options - 4, echosclerotherapy - 20, intraoperative catheter sclerobliteration - 1, ligation of perforating veins - 28 patients. The choice of the treatment method depends on the data of duplex angioscanning, the source of recurrence, the diameter and length of the varicose veins. In the early postoperative period 18 (22.6%) patients had complications and side effects. Most often hyperpigmentation and neurological disorders developed, which were observed in 8 (9.5%) and 7 (8.3%) cases. 2 (2.4%) patients had a slightly painful dense cord after endovenous laser coagulation. 1 (1.2%) patient had a lymphocele in the inguinal incision area. This complication was eliminated by use of the puncture treatment method. Long-term results in terms of 1 to 3 years were studied in 82 (97.6%) patients. In the long-term period, 1 (1.2%) patient noted the varicose veins recurrence due to neovasculogenesis in the groin. The patient underwent micro-foam echosclerotherapy. Patient`s quality of life was studied by using the CIVIQ2 questionnaire before and 1 year after treatment. It was found that 4 main indicators of the quality of life in the long-term period improved by 35.6-48.8% of the preoperative values. At the same time, the most significant positive dynamics of psychological (48.8%) and pain (47.1%) factors was observed. The results justify the need for a differentiated approach, taking into account the individual characteristics of the disease, as well as the expediency of using minimally invasive techniques in patients with varicose veins recurrence.

Prognostic significance of the TNM system criteria, levels of serum insulin-like growth factors and their transport proteins, VEGF and MMP-7 in colorectal cancer.

The analysis of long-term results of treatment of 88 primary patients with colon adenocarcinoma at various stages of tumor process is presented, taking into account the TNM system criteria, and serum IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, VEGF, and MMP-7 levels. The overall survival rate assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression model was used as the criterion of prognosis. It was established that IGF-1, IGFBP-2 and VEGF serum levels along with the stage of colorectal cancer might be considered as statistically significant independent predictors of overall survival in patients.

Chemical bonding between thorium atoms and a carbon hexagon in carbon nanomaterials.

We explore the unusual nature of chemical bonding of thorium atoms with a ring of six carbon atoms (hexagon) in novel carbon materials. Our ab initio calculations of Th-based metallofullerenes (Th@C60 and Th@C20) and Th bound to benzene or coronene at the Hartree-Fock level with the second order perturbation (MP2) correction accounting for the van der Waals interactions demonstrate that the optimal position of the thorium atom is where it faces the center of a hexagon and is located at a distance of 2.01-2.07 Å from the center. For Th encapsulated in C60 it is found at 2.01 Å, whereas the other local energy minima are shifted to larger energies (0.22 eV and higher). Inside C60 the highest local minimum at 1.17 eV is observed when Th faces the center of the five member carbon ring (pentagon). Based on our calculations for Th with benzene and coronene where the global minimum for Th corresponds to its position at 2.05 Å (benzene) or 2.02 Å (coronene) from the hexagon center, we conclude that a well pronounced minimum is likely to be present in graphene and in a single wall carbon nanotube. The ground state of Th is singlet, and other high spin states (triplet and quintet) lie higher in energy (>1.62 eV). We discuss a potential use of carbon nanomaterials with the 229Th isotope having its nuclear transition in the optical range, for metrological purposes.

Influence of Natural Polyphenols on Isolated Yeast Dipodascus magnusii Mitochondria.

The effect of stilbene polyphenols (resveratrol and pinosilvin) and flavonoids (dihydromyricetin, epigallocatechin, and dihydroquercetin) on producing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to cell respiration using the isolated mitochondria of the fungus Dipodascus (Endomyces) magnusii was studied. It was shown that the inhibition of the ROS generation with stilbenes is related to both the oxygen consumption inhibition and their antioxidant properties. The degree of manifestation of polyphenol antioxidant properties depended on the number of hydroxyl groups in a polyphenol molecule. Of the flavonoids tested, dihydromyricetin was most active in reducing the ROS generation, but its inhibitory effect on oxygen consumption by mitochondria was significantly lower as compared to that of the stilbenes. The data obtained show that the mechanism of reducing the ROS generation with polyphenols is associated with both the respiratory inhibition and their antioxidant properties.

[Direct spontaneous high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula in a 9-month-old child after nasolacrimal duct repair]. / Pryamoe spontannoe vysokopotochnoe karotidno-kavernoznoe soust'e u rebenka 9 mesyatsev, razvivsheesya posle plastiki sleznogo kanala.

Successful treatment of direct spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in a 9-month-old child and review of the literature devoted to this issue are reported in the manuscript. Spontaneous high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula is extremely rare in children. Detailed diagnosis of the fistulae includes CT-angiography and cerebral subtraction angiography. Previous surgeries (nasolacrimal canal repair in this case) may be considered as an etiological factor of carotid-cavernous fistula. Transarterial transfemoral endovascular embolization of the fistula with microcoils ensured closure of abnormal communication and complete regression of clinical manifestations in our case.

[Surgical-associated expansion of the jaws with asymmetric deformations]. / Khirurgicheski-assotsiirovannoe rasshirenie chelyustei pri asimmetrichnykh deformatsiyakh.

One of the most common abnormalities in the development of the jaw is the narrowing of the alveolar process of the maxilla. In childhood, the elimination of such a deformation is quite common. But with age, the only effective option is the inclusion of a surgical procedure in the rehabilitation plan. The medial and parasagittal osteotomy of the maxilla for the purpose of its expansion by a distraction device has a number of important nuances which can significantly affect the result. These include: localization of sagittal osteotomy of the palate and alveolar process; the direction of cutting the walls of the maxillary sinus; type of fixation of the device (dental-borne or bone-borne). The article summarizes the experience of 74 surgical-associated expansions of the jaws with asymmetric deformations performed over 2 years. A retrospective analysis according to cone beam computed tomography is given. of complex treatment with the inclusion of sparing osteotomy of the maxilla in the rehabilitation plan and a differentiated approach to performing surgical manipulation allow to achieve optimal aesthetic and functional results and to correct the asymmetry to the greatest extent.

[The future of computer-aided diagnostics in chest computed tomography]. / Perspektivy ispol'zovaniia kompleksnoi komp'iuter-assistirovannoi diagnostiki v otsenke struktur grudnoi kletki.

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the utility of artificial intelligence in medicine. Radiology differs from other medical specialties with its high digitalization, so most software developers operationalize this area of medicine. The primary condition for machine learning is met because medical diagnostic images have high reproducibility. Today, the most common anatomic area for computed tomography is the thorax, particularly with the widespread lung cancer screening programs using low-dose computed tomography. In this regard, the amount of information that needs to be processed by a radiologist is snowballing. Thus, automatic image analysis will allow more studies to be interpreted. This review is aimed at highlighting the possibilities of machine learning in the chest computed tomography.

A New Recombinant Strain of Yarrowia lipolytica Producing Encapsulated Phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus.

A new recombinant strain of Yarrowia lipolytica synthesizing encapsulated highly thermostable phytase of Obesumbacterium proteus, which is recommended for use as a premix component of feed compositions in animal husbandry, was obtained.

[Comparative biomechanical study of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion with tooth-borne and bone-borne expanders]. / Sravnenie biomekhaniki khirurgicheski assotsiirovannogo rasshireniia neba pri ispol'zovanii distraktsionnykh apparatov s nazubnym i nakostnym tipami fiksatsii.

The study objective was to compare the biomechanics of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) with tooth-borne and bone-borne expanders. Materials include a sample of 54 cone-beam CT of 27 patients who underwent SARPE (bone-borne, n=21; tooth-borne, n=6) before treatment and at expander removal. Expansion efficacy was estimated by interapecal and intercoronal distances between maxillary canines, premolars and first molars as well as Coronal-Apical Index (CAI = coronal expansion (mm)/apical expansion (mm)). CAI varied between 1.5 and 2.0 in the group of patients with bone-borne appliances, and from 2.3 to 2.6 in the tooth-borne appliances group. The maximal amount of vestibular coronal declination was revealed in premolars by the use of tooth-borne appliances. Bone-borne appliances allowed lateralization of maxilla and the most prominent effect of tooth shift in a vestibular direction, which may be seen as the most important factors in a relapse prevention.

New low bandgap near-IR conjugated D-A copolymers for BHJ polymer solar cell applications.

We synthesized two novel ultra low bandgap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers (E(g) ≤ 1.2 eV), containing the thiadiazoloquinoxaline unit as the main electron accepting unit (A) and benzodithiophene (BDT) and dithienosilole (DTS) as different donor units (D), denoted as P1 and P2, respectively, using the cross-coupling Stille reaction. The copolymers possess light absorption ranging from UV (350 nm) to near-IR (1300 nm) with optical bandgaps of 1.16 eV and 1.08 eV, respectively. Quantum-chemical calculations and experimental data were compared for proposing a more detailed concept for the optical and electronic properties of these copolymers which can be used as donors for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The PSCs based on optimized P1:PC71BM and P2:PC71BM showed overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 4.32% and 3.48%, respectively. Although P2 possesses a broad absorption coverage of up to 1300 nm, the lower PCE may be attributed to the low J(sc), due to the poor driving force for exciton dissociation, since the LUMO offset with PC71BM is less than 0.3 eV. The PCE has been significantly increased to 7.27% and 6.68% for solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treated P1:PC71BM and P2:PC71BM active layers, respectively. This improvement arises from the appropriate nanoscale morphology and an increase in hole mobility, induced by the SVA treatment of the active layers.

Extension of the basis set of linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method by using supplemented tight binding basis functions.

In order to increase the accuracy of the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method, we present a new approach where the plane wave basis function is augmented by two different atomic radial components constructed at two different linearization energies corresponding to two different electron bands (or energy windows). We demonstrate that this case can be reduced to the standard treatment within the LAPW paradigm where the usual basis set is enriched by the basis functions of the tight binding type, which go to zero with zero derivative at the sphere boundary. We show that the task is closely related with the problem of extended core states which is currently solved by applying the LAPW method with local orbitals (LAPW+LO). In comparison with LAPW+LO, the number of supplemented basis functions in our approach is doubled, which opens up a new channel for the extension of the LAPW and LAPW+LO basis sets. The appearance of new supplemented basis functions absent in the LAPW+LO treatment is closely related with the existence of the u̇l-component in the canonical LAPW method. We discuss properties of additional tight binding basis functions and apply the extended basis set for computation of electron energy bands of lanthanum (face and body centered structures) and hexagonal close packed lattice of cadmium. We demonstrate that the new treatment gives lower total energies in comparison with both canonical LAPW and LAPW+LO, with the energy difference more pronounced for intermediate and poor LAPW basis sets.

Modified gene lacZ encoding ß-galactosidase as efficient transcriptional reporter for the Yarrowia lipolytica yeast.

A modified variant of the ß-galactosidase gene from Escherichia coli (lacZ) has been obtained. This was designed for building transcriptional reporter constructs, the product of which possesses a higher proteolytic resistance in the Yarrowia lipolytica yeasts. The study of the activity of mitochondrial voltagedependent porin (voltage-dependent anion channel, VDAC) showed a high efficiency of the reporter system based on the designed lacZ reporter compared to the wild-type lacZ gene.

Novel efficient promoter of the mitochondrial porin, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), in the genome of the Yarrowia lipolytica yeast.

This article presents the characteristics of the highly inducible promoter of the gene encoding the mitochondrial porin, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). This promoter is recommended for use in new genetic constructs both in basic research for assessing the adaptive strategy of lower eukaryotes under adverse conditions and in designing new highly competitive transformants producing economically important compounds (proteins, lipids, and organic acids) on its basis.

[Ultrasound physiotherapy treatment of prostatitis].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Develop a method of treatment of prostatitis based on the use of a standard antibiotic, immunomodulatory therapy, and transrectal ultrasound physiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dynamics of the accumulation of the antibiotic was investigated in male rats. Sonication was performed immediately before the administration of the antibiotic and its accumulation in the process at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 min after dosing. The clinical study included 138 patients with chronic prostatitis. Patients of the experimental group, in addition to standard therapy, 10 sessions of transrectal ultrasound physical therapy was performed. The efficacy of treatment was assessed after 14 and 28 days after initiation. RESULTS: and its discussion. Experiments on laboratory animals have shown that the highest concentration and the residence time of antibiotic in the prostate tissue is noted ultrasonic treatment in the period of maximum blood concentration of the test drug. The data obtained allow to determine that the ultrasonic treatment must be performed considering the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic. In conducting clinical trials on day 14 of treatment and clinical manifestations of prostatitis bacterial microflora in prostatic secretions were no patients in both groups. In 15% of patients of the experimental group the number of leukocytes decreased to the normal range. After 28 days the amount of leukocytes was normal in 51% of patients in the control and 85% in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: In animal experiments defined the optimal time interval separating the moment of injection of the antibiotic from the beginning of sonication. Clinical studies have shown that the transrectal ultrasound exposure during the period of maximum concentration of the antibiotic in the blood, improves patient outcomes by 33.8%.

[The choice of coating materials for vestibuloplasty and pre- and postoperative use of pain and sedative medications depending on patient emotional features]. / Vybor pokrovnykh materialov pri provedenii vestibuloplastiki i primenenie obezolivayushchikh sredstv v zavisimosti ot psikhoemotsional'nykh osobennostei patsientov.

The purpose of the message was the comparison of change in the width and quality of keratinized tissue created in the lower vestibuloplasty area. Preliminary results of the case-control study involving 71 patients showed that autotransplantation managed to create the necessary buffer zone with the desired thickness of the mucosa and is particularly justified in cases of «washing board effect¼. However, the method is technically complicated and more expensive and painfull for patients. The use of alternative materials of artificial origin, such as «Mucograft¼ and bloodstatic and desinfecting sponge simplifies the procedure technique thereby reducing operational risk but often does not lead to the formation of a fully keratinized gingiva.

[Comparative study of long term result of auto- and allografts for keratinized gingiva restoration in vestibuloplasty area on the lower jaw].

The purpose of the study was to assess the changes in the width and quality of keratinized tissue created in the area of vestibuloplasty on the lower jaw. Preliminary results of the study showed that autotransplantation method allows creating proper buffer zone with the desired mucosa thickness and is particularly justified in cases of "washing board" effect. However, the method is technically more demanding and is more expensive and painfull for patients. The use of alternative materials of artificial origin, such as "Mucograft" and "Tachocomb" simplifies the execution of operation, thereby reducing operational risk, but often does not lead to the formation of a fully keratinized gingiva.

«Surgery first¼ or two stage complex rehabilitation plan for patients with malocclusions. / «Surgery first¼ ili dvukhetapnaya metodika kompleksnoi reabilitatsii patsientov s anomaliyami prikusa.

The article considers stages of complex rehabilitation treatment plans of patients with bite anomalies. The study included 515 patients with various complex malocclusions. Two and conventional three stage treatment plans are described. The article suggests indications for the two stage treatment protocol. The evaluation of efficiency and stability of achieved treatment results obtained with a help of the system of quantitative analysis of dentooralfacial disorders is presented.

[Analysis of the efficacy and safety of electric toothbrushes Oral-B with oscillating-rotating technology in «Healthy smile¼ program].

The aim of study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of individual oral hygiene in adult patients by regular use of electric toothbrushes with the oscillating-rotating technology basing on data obtained during the implementation of «Healthy Smile¼ program. Questionnaires of 7022 dentists in Russia and Ukraine were used to assess personal experience of using Oral-B PC 5000 toothbrush. The dental status dynamics after regular use of Oral-B PC 500 tooth brush was evaluatedin 21 088 patients within 12 weeks. It was found out that the use of electric toothbrushes with the oscillating-rotating technology for individual oral hygiene provided a significant improvement of oral hygiene in 93.5±0.17%, reducing plaque in 92.5±0.18% of patients, improving gingival condition in 87.1±0.23% of participants of the Program. The effectiveness of the implemented algorithm of clinical testing and practical application of innovative, high-tech personal oral hygiene tools is proved.

Measurements of double-polarized compton scattering asymmetries and extraction of the proton spin polarizabilities.

The spin polarizabilities of the nucleon describe how the spin of the nucleon responds to an incident polarized photon. The most model-independent way to extract the nucleon spin polarizabilities is through polarized Compton scattering. Double-polarized Compton scattering asymmetries on the proton were measured in the Δ(1232) region using circularly polarized incident photons and a transversely polarized proton target at the Mainz Microtron. Fits to asymmetry data were performed using a dispersion model calculation and a baryon chiral perturbation theory calculation, and a separation of all four proton spin polarizabilities in the multipole basis was achieved. The analysis based on a dispersion model calculation yields γ(E1E1)=-3.5±1.2, γ(M1M1)=3.16±0.85, γ(E1M2)=-0.7±1.2, and γ(M1E2)=1.99±0.29, in units of 10(-4) fm(4).