[THE LEVEL OF EXPRESSION OF MOLECULES OF ADHESION ON LYMPHOCYTES DEPENDING ON AMOUNT OF THEIR CYTOPLASM].

The lymphocytes are true immunocytes specialized in discerning antigen in organism. Their behavior in blood is regulated by several classes of adhesion proteins, including selectin, integrin, immunoglobulin. In healthy humans there is no data concerning level of expression of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes depending on size of their cytoplasm. The study was carried out to determine level of expression of adhesion molecules of lymphocytes depending on size of their cytoplasm. The flow cytometer was applied to determine in venous blood level of expression of adhesion molecules in 50 individuals (22 males and 28 females) aged from 20 to 60 years and having no chronic pathology in anamnesis. The analysis of lymphocytogram permitted to differentiate lymphocytes according volume of cell considering size of cytoplasm: small lymphocytes- up to 8 mkm; medium - from 8 to 12 mkm; large - more than 12 mkm. In males a tendency was established concerning decreasing of concentration of lymphocytes with expressed molecule of L-selectin. The absence was detected concerning gender differences in level of lymphocytes with receptor LFA-1 and also lymphocytes with molecule ICAM-1. In males concentration of lymphocytes with receptor LFA-3 was higher than in females but only as a tendency. The lower level of expression of molecule PECAM-1 in males was observed. The correlation analysis between level of expresion of adhesion molecules and concentration of lymphocytes differing in size of cytoplasm, demonstrated that at increasing of size of cytoplasm of lymphocytes increases number of statistically reliable correlations. The shedding of molecules of L-selectin in lymphocytes proceeds significantly more active than in monocytes. At that, medium plasma lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes identified as natural killers are more predisposed to migration. However, lymphocytes entering condition of lympho-proliferation have less ability to adhesion.

[The analysis of content of lymphocytes carrying adhesion molecules in patients with psoriasis.]

The study of mechanisms of migration activity of lymphocytes into skin under psoriasis represents both theoretical and practical interest because regulation of the given process provides new possibility in therapy. As is well known, process of migration of lymphocytes through endothelium of micro-circulation is regulated by molecules of adhesion. The study was carried out to detect content of lymphocytes expressing molecules of adhesion depending on their morphology. The study was implemented in 82 patients with vulgar and exudative psoriasis at progressing and stationary stages (39 females and 43 males out of total number) aged from 20 to 60 years. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals (28 females and 22 males). The lymphocytogram was analyzed alongside with detection of content of lymphocytes expressing receptors to molecules of adhesion in venous blood. The content of minor lymphocytes had no alteration in condition of hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes. This occurrence is typical for psoriasis. In patients with psoriasis, no alteration of concentration of medium lymphocytes was detected. Under psoriasis, intensified migration of large lymphocytes from peripheral blood is observed testified by decreasing of their absolute number and statistically reliable correlations with content of lymphocytes expressing receptors to LFA-1, LFA-3, ICAM-1 и PECAM-1.

[About the state of iron in biological systems].

The magnetic properties of albumen systems of plant and animal origin (more than 150) have been investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry, and (in control experiments) X-ray diffractometry. It was found that characteristic of the process of iron accumubation in albumen systems is the tendency to form structure units based on iron oxyhydroxides and to form regions of magnetic ordering.

[Development of atherosclerosis in alternating prolonged electrostimulation of the negative and positive hypothalamic emotiogenic zones]. / O razvitii ateroskleroza pri cheredovanii dlitel'noi élektrostimuliatsii otritsatel'nykh i polozhitel'nykh émotsiogennykh zon gipotalamusa.

Rabbits kept under conditions of free behavior were exposed to long-term electrostimulation of negative and positive emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus by means of a special autonomous nutrition system. It is shown that long-term electrostimulation of the negative emotiogenic hypothalamic zones followed by rest causes disorders of lipid metabolism and vascular permeability and the development of atherosclerosis. The development of atherosclerosis intensifies in alternated electrostimulation of the negative and positive emotiogenic zones and rest. Electrostimulation of the positive emotiogenic hypothalamic zones does not induce atherogenic changes in the vessels. It is suggested that the atherogenic lipoproteins infiltrate into the aorta after the cessation of negative emotional stress attended by the development of positive emotional states and rest.

[Isothiorbamin possesses stress-protective action]. / Izotiorbamin obladaet stressprotektivnym deistviem.

It was shown on a model of long-term stress induced by chronic electrostimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus of rabbits that administration of isothiorbamin in the active periods of the experiment prevents hyperactivation of lipid peroxidation in the blood and myocardium by maintaining the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Isothiorbamin also causes an antiatherogenic effect on the blood lipid spectrum, raises the efficacy of the work of the heart and decreases the stressogenic ischemic disorders of the myocardium.

[Free-radical oxidation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and anemia]. / Sostoianie svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia u bol'nykh revmatoidnym artritom s anemiei.

Antioxidant system was evaluated in 70 RA patients. When the latter had anemia, their antioxidant system underwent changes involving primarily levels of SH groups, peroxide hemolysis index and SOD activity. There appeared a correlation between the shifts in the antioxidant system, anemia severity the disease activity and disturbances in iron metabolism.

[Change in lipid peroxidation depending on hormonal reactions during lengthy electric stimulation of the rabbit hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus]. / Izmenenie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v zavisimosti ot gormonal'nykh reaktsii pri dlitel'noi élektrostimuliatsii dorsomedial'nykh iader gipotalamusa krolikov.

A model of chronic emotional stress (ES) induced by electrostimulation of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in 69 rabbits was used to examine the relationship of blood hormonal changes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity in blood and myocardial cells. The elevated concentrations of stress hormones at the initial stages of chronic ES (the first 2 series) caused LPO with high activities of antioxidative enzymes (AOEs). The subsequent stages of chronic ES (from 60 to 120 days) were associated with the decreased role of major stress hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, catecholamines) and the increased significance of parathyroid hormone and active renin (angiotensin I). A significant direct correlation was found between the blood level of these hormones and the rate of LPO in the myocardium and blood. At the same time the activity of AOEs progressively decreased and all rabbits exhibited myocardial cell necrotic foci.

[The mechanism of the action of laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis]. / K mekhanizmu deistviia lazernoi terapii pri revmatoidnom artrite.

48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were exposed to He-Ne laser radiation. Due to the course of the above laser therapy the patients displayed reduced levels of E and F2 alpha prostaglandins, a trend to a decrease of lipid peroxidation products, glycosaminoglycans and collagen-peptidase activity. This evidences for suppression of the inflammation and destruction in the connective tissue. Catalase activity in red cells enhanced. The authors point to high efficacy of low-intensity He-Ne laser in moderate rheumatoid inflammation.

[Role of stress-limiting systems in the pathogenesis of stress-induced myocardial damage]. / Rol' stresslimitiruiushchikh sistem v patogeneze stressornogo povrezhdeniia miokarda.

The role of GABAergic and serotoninergic system (stress-limiting systems) in the changes occurring in the activity of blood and myocardial pro- and antioxidative systems, as well as in stress-induced cardiac structure damages was studied in 103 rabbits by using a model of long-term emotional stress induced by 24-hour hour electrostimulation of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus during 12 days. The experiment alternated with relaxations of the same duration. A total of 5 sessions were conducted within 120 days. During early emotional stress, the increased activity of the hypothalamic stress-limiting systems was demonstrated to be followed by higher lipid peroxidation rates along with the activation of antioxidative enzymes. From electrostimulation cycle 3, there was exhaustion of the functional activity of the stress-limiting systems, followed by intensive increases in blood and myocardial primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products. After termination of the investigation, myocardial necrotic and ischemic changes were detected in all the animals.

[Experience with the treatment of open diaphyseal fractures of the bones of the leg]. / Opyt lechenie otkrytykh diafizarnykh perelomov kostei goleni.

Experiences with the treatment of 305 patients with 310 open diaphysial fractures of shin bones are described. Effective measures of the prevention of severe complications and invalidization are thought to be the improvement of the operative technique with an abundant jet washing of the wound by antiseptic solutions and vacuum, restricted indications for osteosynthesis and complex purposeful medication. Skeletal traction and extrafocal osteosynthesis by means of compression-distraction apparatuses are believed to be preferable for stabilization of bone splinters. Magneto-therapy is recommended from the first hours after operation.

Numerical simulation of gridded electrostatic lens.

Gridded electrostatic lenses are frequently used in extraction systems and low energy ion beam transport line. Typically, for numerical simulation the grid is treated as a metal plate transparent for beam particles. The influence of real grid geometry on the beam dynamics in the gridded lens has been investigated by KOBRA-3d code. Beam emittance growth for different lens parameters has been investigated. Approximating expressions for obtained results are presented. The grid geometry providing minimal beam distortions is proposed.

Tribological monitoring of drugs used for the treatment of arthropathies.

Lubricating capacity of drugs injected into articular cavity were tested using a pendulum tribometer. The findings indicate that friction coefficient for a pair simulating metallopolymeric articular endoprosthesis is changed under the effect of electromagnetic field after lubrication. Regularities of these changes depend on the nature and mechanism of action of drugs. A method for rapid evaluation of the lubricating characteristics of drugs is proposed for optimizing their therapeutic effect on joints.

[Antistress effects of diazepam and activation of the positive reinforcing system upon changes on corticosteroid excretion and lipid level after peripheral electric pain stimulation]. / Izuchenie antistressovogo deistviia diazepama i aktivatsii sistemy pozitivnogo podkrepleniia po izmeneniiam funktsii kory madpochechnikov i lipidnogo obmena pri perifericheskom elektrobolevom vozdeistvii.

It was shown in experiments on rats that the reaction of self-stimulation (SS) decreased the enhanced level of 11-hydrohycorticosteroids (11-HCS) in the blood after electrical pain stimulation(EPS) of the feet. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) decreased the levels of 11-HCS and beta-lipoproteids and increased the level of phospholipids after self-stimulation and pain stimulation. Diazepam and preliminary electrical pain stimulation induced activation of self-stimulation. It is concluded that diazepam and the activation of the positive reinforcing system exert similar effects on 11-HCS excretion and lipid levels after pain stimulation.

[Effects of hypothalamic mediator systems on the hormonal changes in rabbit blood during prolonged electric stimulation of emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus]. / O vliianii mediatornykh sistem gipotalamusa na gormonal'nye izmeneniia v krovi krolikov pri dlitel'noi élektrostimuliatsii émotsiogennykh zon gipotalamusa.

Changes in the blood hormonal levels were studied in 36 rabbits with electrodes implanted to the area of the dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus in the course of a 5-cycle electrostimulation experiment. After each period blood hormonal levels were correlated to the activities of the hypothalamic catecholamine-, GABA-, and serotoninergic systems. The first two cycles of the experiment were associated with a high activity of the hypothalamic mediator systems and with increased levels of all hormones in the blood. The functional activity of the hypothalamus was reduced due to the predominance of stress-limiting systems. The initial reduction of GABA, and then of serotonin in the hypothalamus caused be the end of experiment a reduction of the blood levels of the tested hormones, except the Ca-regulating ones and active renin. Disturbances in the regulatory mechanisms of hypothalamic mediator systems leads to an increase in its excitability and to transformation of the adaptive pattern of hormonal changes into pathological mechanisms of prolonged emotional stress.

[The mechanism of arterial hypertension in prolonged electrostimulation of the emotiogenic zones in the rabbit hypothalamus]. / Mekhanizm arterial'noi gipertenzii pri dlitel'noi élektrostimuliatsii émotsiogennykh zon gipotalamusa krolikov.

Continuous arterial hypertension which was still present three months after the experiment was achieved by long-term electrostimulation (4 cycles, 12 days each) of the rabbit hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PV). Stimulation of the brain subcortical regions was shown to cause excitation in frontal and occipital regions of the cortex and alteration of neurohormonal state, i.e. increase of glucocorticoid content and decrease of both catecholamines, serotonin and histamine blood level in the animals. It is concluded that pathologic functional system resulting in the development of the arterial hypertension is produced on the basis of the generator of pathologically increased excitation (GPIE) in the PV area.