Predilection role diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in the onset of ischemic stroke.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality, disability and dementia, but leading cause of epileptic manifestations in the elderly. Diabetes mellitus as permanently elevated blood glucose, often accompanied by dyslipidemia, is among the leading causes of atherosclerotic alteration in blood vessels and is also increasing in the world. GOAL: To determine the existence and predilection of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, in the development of ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the 2011 are analyzed all people with stroke admitted at the Neurology Clinic. All patients underwent neurological tests and the laboratory test with special emphasis on the value of blood glucose and lipid levels, with brain CT which confirmed the existence of a stroke, EEG and internist examination. RESULTS: During the one-year period the stroke was confirmed in 1184 patients, aged 33-81 years and 37% in the younger age group (up to 50 yrs.). There was 50.67% male and 49.33% female patients. Ischemic stroke was confirmed in 78.0% (56% with thrombotic and 22% with embolic genesis), of which the 32% was lacunar infarcts (up to 1.5 cm) and hemorrhagic in 22% (SAH in 4.8%, and intracerebral hemorrhage in 17.2%). The most frequent risk factors were hypertension 85%, then smoking in 65%, diabetes mellitus in 39.0%, in 27.38% dyslipidemia, previous stroke in 26.69%, in 23.57% arrhythmia In the baseline sample 30.06% of patients had previously diabetes mellitus and in 8.94% the diabetes was diagnosed during hospitalization, while dyslipidemia was known from earlier in 22.0% and in 5.38% cases was detected during the hospitalization. Among treated patients 79.01% survived, while 20.09% have a fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, along with hypertension and smoking are the leading risk factors for the occurrence of stroke. By timely detection and treatment can be controlled slow atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels and thus prevent stroke.

Relapsing Tumefactive Demyelination: A Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: We present a case of relapsing tumefactive demyelination in a young female patient, that posed a real diagnostic challenge, with a heterogeneous clinical picture, atypical for multiple sclerosis (MS) presentation, and neuroradiological manifestations with a high suspicion of neoplastic diseases. CASE REPORT: An 18-year old female patient presented to our Neurosurgical Out-patients' Clinic with symptoms atypical for multiple sclerosis, unremarkable neurological deficit, one tumefactive lesion on MRI, followed by relapse and another two lesions within a period of six months. We decided to perform biopsy of the tumefactive lesion with compressive effect. Serological and clinical data were negative for MS, and the patient did not respond well to corticosteroid therapy. Fresh frozen tumor tissue aroused a strong suspicion of gemistocytic astrocytoma, so total resection was done, but the definitive pathohistological examination confirmed tumefactive demyelination. CONCLUSION: For clinicians, it is important to consider demyelinating disease in the differential diagnosis of a tumorlike lesion of the central nervous system, in order to avoid invasive and potentially harmful diagnostic procedures, especially in younger patients.

Cerebral microdialysis: perioperative monitoring and treatment of severe neurosurgical patient.

The early signs of brain ischemia are key indicators of secondary brain injury and their recognition on time can ultimately save life. Direct recording of cerebral ischemia is possible using the method of cerebral microdialysis (CM). This paper presents results of the five-year experience in applying this method at University Department of Neurosurgery, Sarajevo University Clinical Center in Sarajevo. In this observational prospective clinical study, the treatment and outcome of 51 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) undergoing neurosurgery and consequently treated conservatively at Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were analyzed. All patients were followed up by unified monitoring at NICU and additionally by the CM method. Between December 2006 and September 2010, CM monitoring was performed in 51 patients: 18 patients with SAH and 33 patients with tICH. In all patients, samples were obtained on 367 occasions, yielding a total of 3314 samples for biochemical parameters (mean 64.98 per patient, range 42-114 samples). Positive correlation was found between glucose level and outcome at one-year follow up (when glucose level was lower, the patient Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was worse). The correlation coefficient for glycerol was negative (r=-0.81), and so was for the lactate/pyruvate ratio. There was a significant difference in patient outcome in favor of the group of patients monitored by use of CM in terms of poor and good outcome graded according to GOS score 12 months after the injury compared with the group of patients not monitored with CM (P<0.028). According to our experience, we believe that CM enables early initiation of appropriate therapeutic strategies to overcome cerebral ischemia and secondary brain damage, eventually leading to better patient outcome.

[Magnetic resonance as the method of choice in diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors]. / Magnetna rezonanca kao metoda izbora u dijagnozi tumora pontocerebelarnog ugla.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study is to access magnetic resonance as the imaging modality of choice in differentiation of cerebellopontine angle tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In period of five years in 53 patients were diagnosed CPA tumors. 31 were women, 22 men, range age 14 to 72 years. All patients were examined on 1.0 Tesla magnetic resonance unit, using T1, PD, T2 WI sequences, and after paramagnetic contrast administration T1 W1 in three ortogonal planes. REZULTS: In 44 (83%) patients were diagnosed acoustic schwannoma (NVIII), and 8 patients of these had Neurifibromatosis Type 2. In 2 (4%) patients were diagnosed trigeminal schwannoma (NV), in 2 (4%) hypogossal schwannoma. By 5 (9%) patients were diagnosed meningiomas. All diagnoses were by histology confirm. CONCLUSION: Thanks to its multiplanar and multi-parameters capabilities Magnetic resonance allowed precise location and characterization of CPA tumors. MR is the imaging modality of choice for preoperative work-up of cerebellopontine angle tumors.