Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 2.0 - Brazilian version.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety culture concerns the values, beliefs and standards shared by an organisation's health staff and other personnel which influence their care provision actions and conduct. Several countries have made a priority of strengthening patient safety culture to improve the quality and safety of health care. In this direction, measuring the patient safety culture through validated instruments is a strategy applied worldwide. The purpose of this study was to adapt transculturally and validate the HSOPSC 2.0 to Brazilian Portuguese and the hospital context in Brazil. METHODS: Of the various validated scales for measuring safety culture, the instrument most used internationally is the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) developed by the United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in 2004 and revised in 2019, when version 2.0 was released. Adaptation was conducted on a universalist approach and the adapted instrument was then applied to a sample of 2,702 respondents (56% response rate) comprising staff of a large general hospital in the city of São Paulo. Construct validity was investigated by Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling-within-Confirmatory Factor Analysis (ESEM-within-CFA) and reliability was measured in each dimension by means of Cronbach alpha coefficients. RESULTS: ESEM fit indexes showed good data fit with the proposed model: χ2 = 634.425 df = 221 χ2/df ratio = 2.9 p-value < 0.0000; RMSEA = 0.045 (90% C.I. = 0.041-0.050) and probability RMSEA < = .05 = 0.963; CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.968. However, ten items had loads lower than 0.4. Cronbach alpha values were 0.6 or more for all dimensions, except Handoffs and information exchange ([Formula: see text]= 0.50) and Staffing and work pace ([Formula: see text] = 0.41). CONCLUSION: The psychometric properties of the Brazilian version were found to be satisfactory, demonstrating good internal consistency and construct validity as expressed by estimates of reliability and indexes of model fit. However, given factor loadings smaller than 0.4 observed in ten items and considering that the scale translated and adapted to Portuguese was tested on a single sample during the Covid-19 pandemic, the authors recognize the need for it to be tested on other samples in Brazil to investigate its validity.

Infection prevention and control program assessment tools: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Infection prevention and control program (IPCP) assessment tools help to identify the improvement needs. This study aimed to identify fit-for-purpose of 3 IPCP assessment tools. METHODS: An exploratory mixed-method study was performed from 2018-2019 in Brazil, using a convenience sample of IPC professionals with various levels of experience to evaluate the IPCP tools: (1) the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework at the Facility Level (IPCAF), (2) the University of Sao Paulo IPCP tool (OGIPCP), and (3) the Infection Prevention and Control Programme Evaluation (IPCPE) tool. A quantitative survey followed by a semi-structured interview accessed the participants' perceptions about these tools. Quantitative data analysis were descriptive and qualitative data were thematical. RESULTS: IPCPE was considered more complete, better for effectiveness, easy to apply, and with easily interpreted indicators. IPCAF was the best regarding to purpose, easy reporting, and interpretation; however, requires professional experience. OGIPCP have the fastest application, easy to understand, and easily calculated indicators, requiring less experience. Qualitative data endorsed the quantitative results and showed IPCPE and IPCAF tools as the most accepted. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 assessment tools for IPCP have similar potential for use to support improvements in the IPCP. The IPCPE and IPCAF were considered advantageous on the effectiveness and fit-for-purpose compared to OGIPCP, despite the higher familiarity of participants with this tool.

Characterization of epidemiological surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in the world and challenges for Brazil.

Surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are essential for planning actions in prevention and control. Important models have been deployed in recent decades in different countries. This study aims to present the historical and operational characteristics of these systems and discuss the challenges for Brazil. Various models around the world have drawn on the experience of the United States, which pioneered this process. In Brazil, several initiatives have been launched, but the country still lacks a full national information system on HAI, thus indicating the need to promote action strategies, strengthen the role of States in communication between the Federal and local levels, pursue a national plan to organize surveillance teams with the necessary technological infrastructure, besides updating the relevant legislation for dealing with these challenges. Such measures are essential in the Brazilian context for the unified surveillance of HAI, aimed at healthcare safety and quality.

Characterization of epidemiological surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in the world and challenges for Brazil / Caracterizacao dos sistemas de vigilancia epidemiologica das infeccoes relacionadas a assistencia a saude (IRAS) no mundo e desafios para o Brasil / Caracterizacion de los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiologica de las infecciones asociadas a la atencion en salud (IAAS) en el mundo y los desafios para Brasil

Surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are essential for planning actions in prevention and control. Important models have been deployed in recent decades in different countries. This study aims to present the historical and operational characteristics of these systems and discuss the challenges for Brazil. Various models around the world have drawn on the experience of the United States, which pioneered this process. In Brazil, several initiatives have been launched, but the country still lacks a full national information system on HAI, thus indicating the need to promote action strategies, strengthen the role of States in communication between the Federal and local levels, pursue a national plan to organize surveillance teams with the necessary technological infrastructure, besides updating the relevant legislation for dealing with these challenges. Such measures are essential in the Brazilian context for the unified surveillance of HAI, aimed at healthcare safety and quality.

A formação de sistemas de vigilância de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) é medida essencial para o planejamento de ações de prevenção e controle. No mundo, importantes modelos estão sendo implantados nas últimas décadas. Este estudo busca apresentar os aspectos históricos e operacionais desses sistemas, discutindo os desafios para o Brasil. Os modelos internacionais se espelham no exemplo americano, pioneiro nesse processo. No Brasil, diversas iniciativas foram e estão sendo estabelecidas, entretanto, não temos um pleno sistema nacional de informação sobre IRAS, o que aponta a necessidade de reconhecer estratégias em vigência, fortalecendo o Estado como elo de comunicação; buscando um plano nacional para a formação de equipes de vigilância com aparato tecnológico necessário, e discutindo a atualização das legislações que já não contemplam os desafios atuais de tais ocorrências. Essas são medidas essenciais no contexto brasileiro para a vigilância unificada de IRAS, almejando segurança e qualidade nos cuidados em saúde.

La formación de los sistemas de vigilancia de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) es una medida esencial para la planificación de acciones de prevención y control. Algunos modelos importantes en el mundo se están desplegando en las últimas décadas. Este estudio analiza los aspectos históricos y operativos de estos sistemas, discutiendo los desafíos para Brasil. Los modelos internacionales se reflejan en el ejemplo norteamericano, pionero en este proceso. En Brasil varias iniciativas han sido y están siendo establecidas, sin embargo, no se dispone de un pleno sistema nacional de información sobre IAAS, señalando la necesidad de reconocer estrategias vigentes; así como el fortalecimiento del Estado como un enlace de comunicación, buscando un plan nacional para formar equipos de vigilancia con los aparatos tecnológicos necesarios, así como discutiendo la actualización de las leyes que ya no incluyen los desafíos actuales para este tipo de ocurrencias. Estos son pasos esenciales en el contexto brasileño para el control unificado de las IAAS con los objetivos de seguridad y calidad en el cuidado de la salud.

Políticas públicas para prevenção e controle de IRAS: concepção de um modelo explicativo para sua estruturação / Public Policies for Prevention and Control of HAI: Design of an explanatory model for its composition

Introdução: As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) constituem um problema de interesse global por seu impacto para a segurança dos cuidados em saúde. Consequentemente, demandam a implantação de políticas públicas eficazes para sua prevenção e controle. Uma manifestação concreta das políticas públicas é o estabelecimento e manutenção de programas nacionais especificos para a prevenção e controle de IRAS. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar a implantação dos programas nacionais de prevenção e controle de IRAS no Brasil, Chile e Israel. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso descritivo e exploratório que utilizou o modelo do triângulo de análise de políticas de saúde para comparar o contexto, o processo, o conteúdo e os atores destes programas governamentais. Os dados foram coletados entre 2014 e 2017 em três fases: Fase 1 - acesso às páginas eletrônicas dos programas nos países selecionados: Fase II visita à sede do programa nacional e Fase III - construção do modelo teórico explicativo. Resultados: Elementos comuns entre os três países foram identificados permitindo a proposição de um modelo teórico explicativo constituído de dois núcleos: núcleo de formação - composto por três componentes estratégicos (gerador de necessidade, formador de alternativas e promotor do interesse social); e núcleo de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade dos programas composto por outros quatro componentes estratégicos (gerador de decisão, gerador de sustentação, gerador de renovação e patrocinadores do processo). Conclusão: O modelo proposto contribui na compreensão dos fatores que podem influenciar o progresso de um programa nacional de IRAS, fornecendo reflexões sobre elementos para o estabelecimento de programas em países nos quais ainda estão incipientes.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global concern due to the impact on healthcare safety. Consequently, they demand the implementation of effective public policies for their prevention and control. A concrete manifestation of public policies is the establishment and maintenance of specific national programs for the prevention and control of IRAS. Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the implementation of national programs for the prevention and control of HAIs in Brazil, Chile, and Israel. Methods: It is a descriptive and exploratory case study that used the triangle of health policy analysis to compare the context, the process, the content and the actors of these government programs. Data were collected between 2014 and 2017 in three phases: Phase access to the electronic pages of the programs in the selected countries; Phase II - visit to the headquarters of the national program and Phase III - construction of the theoretical explanatory model. Results: The triangle of health policy analysis was used to compare the context, process, and content of national HAI prevention and control programs. Common elements identified among the three countries led to the proposal of an explanatory theoretical model constituted of two nuclei: formation nuclei composed of three strategic components (necessity generator, alternatives generator and promoter of social interest); and development & sustainability nuclei composed of four other strategic components (decision generator, sustainability generator, renewal generator and process sponsors). Conclusion: The proposed model contributes to understanding the factors that can influence the progress of a national HAI program, providing insights into the elements for establishing programs in countries where they are still inceptive.

Sistemas de informação sobre infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IRAS) delineando a realidade das regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil / Information systems related healthcare associated infections (HAI) outlining the reality of the southeast and south of Brazil

Introdução: A formação de um sistema consistente de vigilância para gerar informação sobre infecções relacionadas à assitência à saúde (IRAS) é medida essencial para realizar um diagnóstico fidedigno de situação buscando formular estratégias de prevenção e controle deste fenônemo. No Brasil, diversas iniciativas em busca do desenvolvimento de um si8stema eficiente e eficaz vêm se estabelecendo, algumas com merecido destaque; entretanto esta é uma realidade ainda desconhecida, o que pode gerar a constituição de redes desintegradas e individualizadas. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetiva caracterizar as regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, as quais possuem a maior concentração de serviços de saúde, no que se refere ao sistema de informação de IRAS, reconhecendo estratégias definidas pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde (SES) e discutindo os resultados à luz dos principais Sistemas de Informação de IRAS internacionais e referenciais teóricos sobre Sistemas de informação. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa para diagnóstico de situação dos sitemas de informação sobre IRAS implantados pelas SES das regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em websites do Governo Federal Brasileiro e por entrevistas com responsáveis pela Coordenação Estadual de Controle e Prevenção de IRAS e Resultados: Todos os Estados avaliados possuem algum tipo de sistema de informação sobre IRAS implantado. Estes sistemas apresentam-se sobre três formas básicas: cadeia, círculo e roda. Apenas um Estado possui software próprio para notificação de dados em tempo real, os demais têm o seu sistema estruturado por meio de planilhas eletrônicas ou documento impresso. Três Estados possuem legislação complementar que obriga esta notificação.A periodicidade de envio dos dados em parte dos Estados é mensal, porém existem outros em que esta notificação é semanal, trimestral ou mesmo semestral. Todos os Estados apontam o estabelecimento de processo educacional direcionado ao desenvolvimento deste sistema. A interface com o governo federal é realizada por todos os Estados por meio do formulário eletrônico FormSUS. Há também a participação do Município nesta interface de informações. Apenas dois Estados não realizam a retroalimentação de dados para os notificantes. Na formação destes sistemas existe uma tendência em seguir o modelo americano, entretanto o modelo europeu é o que mais se assemelha a realidade brasileira. As implantações destes sistemas são relativamente recentes, ocorridas na última década, sendo que todos apontam necessidade de melhorias. Conclusão: O presente estudo apresentou uma diversidade de fluxos e modos de obtenção de informações sobre IRAS, com o envolvimento de esferas dos governos federal, estadual e municipal. Embora se evidencie uma busca constante por melhorias nos Estados, a diversidade de formas e abrangência nos sistemas estaduais aponta para uma potencial dificuldade voltada a sua unificação no âmbito nacional.

Background: The formation of a consistent surveillance system for generating information about healthcare associated infections (HAI) is an essential measure to perform a reliable diagnosis of situation in order to formulate strategies for prevention and control of this phenomenon. In Brazil, several initiatives seeking the development an efficient and effective system are being established, some with deserved prominence; however this is a reality yet unknown, which can generate networking disintegrated and individualized. Objective: This study aims to characterize the Southeast and South of Brazil, which has the largest concentration of health services, with regard to the information system of HAI`s, recognizing strategies defined by State Health Departments and discussing the outcome based on the internationally acknowledged systems. Metodology: A cross-sectional study, exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative approach, for diagnostic status of HAI`s information systems deployed by State Health Departments from Southeast and South of Brazil. The data were collected in the Brazilian Federal Government websites and through interviews with Managers State responsible for the control and prevention of HAI. Results: All States measured have some kind of HAI`s information system deployed. These systems presented on three basic shapes: chain, wheel and circle. Only one State has its own software for data reporting in real time, others have their structured system through electronic spreadsheets or printed document. Three States have additional law obliging this notification. The frequency of data transmission in the States is monthly, but there are others in which this notification is weekly, 11 quarterly or semiannual. All States refer educational process directed to the development of this system. The interface with the Federal Government is held by all States through electronic form FormSUS.There is also the participation of the Municipality in this interface information. Only two States do not realize the feedback data to the notifiers. In the formation of these systems there is a tendency to follow the american model, however the european model is what most resembles the Brazilian reality. The implementation of these systems is relatively recent, occurring in the last decade, but everyone indicate the need for improvements. Conclusion: The present study showed a diversity of flows and ways of obtaining information about HAI, with the involvement of levels of federal, state and municipal government. Although if evidence of a constant search for improvements in all States, the diversity of forms and extent in state systems points to a potential difficulty directed its unification at the national level.